text: # Gas Mixtures and Properties
  
  ## Special care must be taken for gas mixtures when using the ideal gas law, calculating the mass, the individual gas constant or the density
  
  Mixture of gases are common in many applications. Our most common example is air - mainly consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor - as moist air. A combustion gas with nitrogen, water vapor and carbon dioxide is an other example.
  
  Special care must be taken for gas mixtures when using the ideal gas law, calculating the mass, the individual gas constant or the density.
  
  ### The Ideal Gas Law for a Gas Mixture
  
  The Ideal Gas Law for a perfect or ideal gas adapted for a gas mixture:
  
  p V = mm Rm T                           (1)
  
  where
  
  p = absolute pressure in the mixture (N/m2, lb/ft2)
  
  V = volume of the mixture(m3, ft3)
  
  mm = mass of the mixture (kg, lb)
  
  Rm = the individual gas constant for the mixture (J/kg K, ft lb/slugs oR)
  
  T = absolute temperature in the mixture (oK, oR)
  
  ### The Mass of a Gas Mixture
  
  The mass of a gas mixture can be expressed as:
  
  mm = m1 + m2 + .. + mn                             (2)
  
  where
  
  m1 + m2 + .. + mn = the mass of each gas component in the mixture
  
  ### The Individual Gas Constant of a Gas Mixture
  
  The individual gas constant of a gas mixture can be calculated as:
  
  Rm = (R1 m1 + R2 m2 + .. + Rn mn) / (m1 + m2 + .. + mn )                           (3)
  
  ### The Density of a Gas Mixture
  
  The density of a gas mixture can be calculated as:
  
  ρm = (ρ1 v1 + ρ2 v2 + .. + ρn vn) / (v1 + v2 + .. + vn )                           (4)
  
  where
  
  ρm = density of the gas mixture (kg/m3, lb/ft3)
  
  ρ1 .. ρn = density of each of the components (kg/m3, lb/ft3)
  
  v1 + v2 + .. + vn = volume share of each of the components (m3, ft3)
  
  ## Related Topics
  
  • Fluid Mechanics - The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involves velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time
  • Gases and Compressed Air - Air, LNG, LPG and other common gas properties, pipeline capacities, sizing of relief valves
  
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