text: M & J-sets similarity for preperiodic points. Lei's theorem
  Douglas C. Ravenel
  
  Here Julia sets J(co) associated with the preperiodic points co near the point z = co are shown. These pictures are compared with the corresponding areas of the Mandelbrot set. Zoom=3.087
  
  Zoom=2.34
  J pictures differ from the corresponding M pictures in that there are no black regions in them. On the other hand if we zoom in to a preperiodic point in M, the nearby miniature Ms shrink faster than the view window (if we shrink the picture by a factor of m the miniature Ms shrink by a factor of m2), so they eventually disappear.
  
  This local similaity between the Mandelbrot set near a preperiodic point co and the Julia set J(co) near z = co shown above is the subject a theorem of Tan Lei.
  
  Here is a partial explanation [1] for it in the case when period of co is 1. For small e
  fCo+eo(n+1)(0) = fCo+eon(co + e)
  = fCoon(co) + ( d/dc fCon(0) |C=Co + d/dz fCoon(z) |z=Co) e + O(e2)
  = fCoon(co + kne) + O(e2)
  ,
  where
  kn = ( d/dc fCon(co) |C=Co + d/dz fCoon(z) |z=Co) / d/dz fCoon(z) |z=Co .
  As since
  d/dc fCo(n+1)(co) |C=Co = 2 hn d/dc fCon(co) |C=Co + 1 ,
  d/dz fCoo(n+1)(z) |z=Co = 2 hn d/dz fCoon(z) |z=Co ,     hn = fCoon(co)
  
  and hn go to the fixed point h of the critical orbit of preperiodic point co for large enough n, then it can be shown, that kn converge to a finite k [Ravenel].
  
  Equation
  fCo+eo(n+1)(0) = fCoon(co + ke) + O(e2)
  means that for small e the (n+1)th point in critical orbit of c = co+e can be approximated by the nth point in the Julia orbit of z* = co+ke . I.e. the critical orbit is bounded if and only if the z* orbit is bounded. This accounts for the local similarity between the Mandelbrot set near co and the Julia set J(co) near z = co .
  
  [1] Douglas C. Ravenel Fractals and computer graphics
  
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  updated 30 April 2002