text: # Search by Topic
  
  #### Resources tagged with Combinatorics similar to Blockupied:
  
  Filter by: Content type:
  Stage:
  Challenge level:
  
  ### There are 40 results
  
  Broad Topics > Decision Mathematics and Combinatorics > Combinatorics
  
  ### Magic Caterpillars
  
  ##### Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
  
  Label the joints and legs of these graph theory caterpillars so that the vertex sums are all equal.
  
  ### Ways of Summing Odd Numbers
  
  ##### Stage: 3
  
  Sanjay Joshi, age 17, The Perse Boys School, Cambridge followed up the Madrass College class 2YP article with more thoughts on the problem of the number of ways of expressing an integer as the sum. . . .
  
  ### An Investigation Based on Score
  
  ##### Stage: 3
  
  Class 2YP from Madras College was inspired by the problem in NRICH to work out in how many ways the number 1999 could be expressed as the sum of 3 odd numbers, and this is their solution.
  
  ### Snowman
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  All the words in the Snowman language consist of exactly seven letters formed from the letters {s, no, wm, an). How many words are there in the Snowman language?
  
  ### Plum Tree
  
  ##### Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
  
  Label this plum tree graph to make it totally magic!
  
  ### Olympic Magic
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  in how many ways can you place the numbers 1, 2, 3 … 9 in the nine regions of the Olympic Emblem (5 overlapping circles) so that the amount in each ring is the same?
  
  ### Flagging
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  How many tricolour flags are possible with 5 available colours such that two adjacent stripes must NOT be the same colour. What about 256 colours?
  
  ### Bell Ringing
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Suppose you are a bellringer. Can you find the changes so that, starting and ending with a round, all the 24 possible permutations are rung once each and only once?
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Is it possible to use all 28 dominoes arranging them in squares of four? What patterns can you see in the solution(s)?
  
  ### How Many Dice?
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  A standard die has the numbers 1, 2 and 3 are opposite 6, 5 and 4 respectively so that opposite faces add to 7? If you make standard dice by writing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 on blank cubes you will find. . . .
  
  ##### Stage: 4 and 5
  
  Some puzzles requiring no knowledge of knot theory, just a careful inspection of the patterns. A glimpse of the classification of knots, prime knots, crossing numbers and knot arithmetic.
  
  ### Magic W
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Find all the ways of placing the numbers 1 to 9 on a W shape, with 3 numbers on each leg, so that each set of 3 numbers has the same total.
  
  ### Cube Paths
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Given a 2 by 2 by 2 skeletal cube with one route `down' the cube. How many routes are there from A to B?
  
  ### Tangles
  
  ##### Stage: 3 and 4
  
  A personal investigation of Conway's Rational Tangles. What were the interesting questions that needed to be asked, and where did they lead?
  
  ### Shuffle Shriek
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Can you find all the 4-ball shuffles?
  
  ### Lost in Space
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  How many ways are there to count 1 - 2 - 3 in the array of triangular numbers? What happens with larger arrays? Can you predict for any size array?
  
  ### Deep Roots
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Find integer solutions to: $\sqrt{a+b\sqrt{x}} + \sqrt{c+d.\sqrt{x}}=1$
  
  ### Penta Colour
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  In how many different ways can I colour the five edges of a pentagon red, blue and green so that no two adjacent edges are the same colour?
  
  ### Symmetric Tangles
  
  ##### Stage: 4
  
  The tangles created by the twists and turns of the Conway rope trick are surprisingly symmetrical. Here's why!
  
  ### Master Minding
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Your partner chooses two beads and places them side by side behind a screen. What is the minimum number of guesses you would need to be sure of guessing the two beads and their positions?
  
  ### Knight Defeated
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  The knight's move on a chess board is 2 steps in one direction and one step in the other direction. Prove that a knight cannot visit every square on the board once and only (a tour) on a 2 by n board. . . .
  
  ### Small Change
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  In how many ways can a pound (value 100 pence) be changed into some combination of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 pence coins?
  
  ### Greetings
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  From a group of any 4 students in a class of 30, each has exchanged Christmas cards with the other three. Show that some students have exchanged cards with all the other students in the class. How. . . .
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  A walk is made up of diagonal steps from left to right, starting at the origin and ending on the x-axis. How many paths are there for 4 steps, for 6 steps, for 8 steps?
  
  ### Tri-colour
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Six points are arranged in space so that no three are collinear. How many line segments can be formed by joining the points in pairs?
  
  ### Painting Cubes
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Imagine you have six different colours of paint. You paint a cube using a different colour for each of the six faces. How many different cubes can be painted using the same set of six colours?
  
  ### Euler's Officers
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  How many different ways can you arrange the officers in a square?
  
  ### Euromaths
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  How many ways can you write the word EUROMATHS by starting at the top left hand corner and taking the next letter by stepping one step down or one step to the right in a 5x5 array?
  
  ### One Basket or Group Photo
  
  ##### Stage: 2, 3, 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
  
  Libby Jared helped to set up NRICH and this is one of her favourite problems. It's a problem suitable for a wide age range and best tackled practically.
  
  ### Counting Binary Ops
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  How many ways can the terms in an ordered list be combined by repeating a single binary operation. Show that for 4 terms there are 5 cases and find the number of cases for 5 terms and 6 terms.
  
  ### Paving Paths
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  How many different ways can I lay 10 paving slabs, each 2 foot by 1 foot, to make a path 2 foot wide and 10 foot long from my back door into my garden, without cutting any of the paving slabs?
  
  ### Russian Cubes
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  I want some cubes painted with three blue faces and three red faces. How many different cubes can be painted like that?
  
  ### Doodles
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Draw a 'doodle' - a closed intersecting curve drawn without taking pencil from paper. What can you prove about the intersections?
  
  ### N000ughty Thoughts
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  How many noughts are at the end of these giant numbers?
  
  ### Ordered Sums
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Let a(n) be the number of ways of expressing the integer n as an ordered sum of 1's and 2's. Let b(n) be the number of ways of expressing n as an ordered sum of integers greater than 1. (i) Calculate. . . .
  
  ### Permute It
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Take the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and imagine them written down in every possible order to give 5 digit numbers. Find the sum of the resulting numbers.
  
  ### Scratch Cards
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  To win on a scratch card you have to uncover three numbers that add up to more than fifteen. What is the probability of winning a prize?
  
  ### Postage
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  The country Sixtania prints postage stamps with only three values 6 lucres, 10 lucres and 15 lucres (where the currency is in lucres).Which values cannot be made up with combinations of these postage. . . .
  
  ### Molecular Sequencer
  
  ##### Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
  
  Investigate the molecular masses in this sequence of molecules and deduce which molecule has been analysed in the mass spectrometer.
  
  ### In a Box
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Chris and Jo put two red and four blue ribbons in a box. They each pick a ribbon from the box without looking. Jo wins if the two ribbons are the same colour. Is the game fair?
explanation: This document is a collection of combinatorics problems and puzzles, each presented as a separate challenge. Each problem is labeled with a stage and challenge level, indicating its difficulty. The problems range from simple counting tasks to more complex combinatorial puzzles involving graphs, permutations, and arrangements. The document does not contain answers to the problems, only the problems themselves.
distilabel_metadata.content: Evaluate the user given text extract and determine if it contains a math question and optionally and answer to this question.
  
  Output rules:
  
  1. Briefly describe the document and mention if it contains a question or a question and answer.
  2. Finalize the output with: Label: no-question,question,question-and-answer,multiple-question,multiple-question-and-answer
distilabel_metadata.role: system
distilabel_metadata.content: # Search by Topic
  
  #### Resources tagged with Combinatorics similar to Blockupied:
  
  Filter by: Content type:
  Stage:
  Challenge level:
  
  ### There are 40 results
  
  Broad Topics > Decision Mathematics and Combinatorics > Combinatorics
  
  ### Magic Caterpillars
  
  ##### Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
  
  Label the joints and legs of these graph theory caterpillars so that the vertex sums are all equal.
  
  ### Ways of Summing Odd Numbers
  
  ##### Stage: 3
  
  Sanjay Joshi, age 17, The Perse Boys School, Cambridge followed up the Madrass College class 2YP article with more thoughts on the problem of the number of ways of expressing an integer as the sum. . . .
  
  ### An Investigation Based on Score
  
  ##### Stage: 3
  
  Class 2YP from Madras College was inspired by the problem in NRICH to work out in how many ways the number 1999 could be expressed as the sum of 3 odd numbers, and this is their solution.
  
  ### Snowman
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  All the words in the Snowman language consist of exactly seven letters formed from the letters {s, no, wm, an). How many words are there in the Snowman language?
  
  ### Plum Tree
  
  ##### Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
  
  Label this plum tree graph to make it totally magic!
  
  ### Olympic Magic
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  in how many ways can you place the numbers 1, 2, 3 … 9 in the nine regions of the Olympic Emblem (5 overlapping circles) so that the amount in each ring is the same?
  
  ### Flagging
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  How many tricolour flags are possible with 5 available colours such that two adjacent stripes must NOT be the same colour. What about 256 colours?
  
  ### Bell Ringing
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Suppose you are a bellringer. Can you find the changes so that, starting and ending with a round, all the 24 possible permutations are rung once each and only once?
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Is it possible to use all 28 dominoes arranging them in squares of four? What patterns can you see in the solution(s)?
  
  ### How Many Dice?
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  A standard die has the numbers 1, 2 and 3 are opposite 6, 5 and 4 respectively so that opposite faces add to 7? If you make standard dice by writing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 on blank cubes you will find. . . .
  
  ##### Stage: 4 and 5
  
  Some puzzles requiring no knowledge of knot theory, just a careful inspection of the patterns. A glimpse of the classification of knots, prime knots, crossing numbers and knot arithmetic.
  
  ### Magic W
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Find all the ways of placing the numbers 1 to 9 on a W shape, with 3 numbers on each leg, so that each set of 3 numbers has the same total.
  
  ### Cube Paths
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Given a 2 by 2 by 2 skeletal cube with one route `down' the cube. How many routes are there from A to B?
  
  ### Tangles
  
  ##### Stage: 3 and 4
  
  A personal investigation of Conway's Rational Tangles. What were the interesting questions that needed to be asked, and where did they lead?
  
  ### Shuffle Shriek
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Can you find all the 4-ball shuffles?
  
  ### Lost in Space
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  How many ways are there to count 1 - 2 - 3 in the array of triangular numbers? What happens with larger arrays? Can you predict for any size array?
  
  ### Deep Roots
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Find integer solutions to: $\sqrt{a+b\sqrt{x}} + \sqrt{c+d.\sqrt{x}}=1$
  
  ### Penta Colour
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  In how many different ways can I colour the five edges of a pentagon red, blue and green so that no two adjacent edges are the same colour?
  
  ### Symmetric Tangles
  
  ##### Stage: 4
  
  The tangles created by the twists and turns of the Conway rope trick are surprisingly symmetrical. Here's why!
  
  ### Master Minding
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Your partner chooses two beads and places them side by side behind a screen. What is the minimum number of guesses you would need to be sure of guessing the two beads and their positions?
  
  ### Knight Defeated
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  The knight's move on a chess board is 2 steps in one direction and one step in the other direction. Prove that a knight cannot visit every square on the board once and only (a tour) on a 2 by n board. . . .
  
  ### Small Change
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  In how many ways can a pound (value 100 pence) be changed into some combination of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 pence coins?
  
  ### Greetings
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  From a group of any 4 students in a class of 30, each has exchanged Christmas cards with the other three. Show that some students have exchanged cards with all the other students in the class. How. . . .
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  A walk is made up of diagonal steps from left to right, starting at the origin and ending on the x-axis. How many paths are there for 4 steps, for 6 steps, for 8 steps?
  
  ### Tri-colour
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Six points are arranged in space so that no three are collinear. How many line segments can be formed by joining the points in pairs?
  
  ### Painting Cubes
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Imagine you have six different colours of paint. You paint a cube using a different colour for each of the six faces. How many different cubes can be painted using the same set of six colours?
  
  ### Euler's Officers
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  How many different ways can you arrange the officers in a square?
  
  ### Euromaths
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  How many ways can you write the word EUROMATHS by starting at the top left hand corner and taking the next letter by stepping one step down or one step to the right in a 5x5 array?
  
  ### One Basket or Group Photo
  
  ##### Stage: 2, 3, 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
  
  Libby Jared helped to set up NRICH and this is one of her favourite problems. It's a problem suitable for a wide age range and best tackled practically.
  
  ### Counting Binary Ops
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  How many ways can the terms in an ordered list be combined by repeating a single binary operation. Show that for 4 terms there are 5 cases and find the number of cases for 5 terms and 6 terms.
  
  ### Paving Paths
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  How many different ways can I lay 10 paving slabs, each 2 foot by 1 foot, to make a path 2 foot wide and 10 foot long from my back door into my garden, without cutting any of the paving slabs?
  
  ### Russian Cubes
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  I want some cubes painted with three blue faces and three red faces. How many different cubes can be painted like that?
  
  ### Doodles
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Draw a 'doodle' - a closed intersecting curve drawn without taking pencil from paper. What can you prove about the intersections?
  
  ### N000ughty Thoughts
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  How many noughts are at the end of these giant numbers?
  
  ### Ordered Sums
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Let a(n) be the number of ways of expressing the integer n as an ordered sum of 1's and 2's. Let b(n) be the number of ways of expressing n as an ordered sum of integers greater than 1. (i) Calculate. . . .
  
  ### Permute It
  
  ##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
  
  Take the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and imagine them written down in every possible order to give 5 digit numbers. Find the sum of the resulting numbers.
  
  ### Scratch Cards
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  To win on a scratch card you have to uncover three numbers that add up to more than fifteen. What is the probability of winning a prize?
  
  ### Postage
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  The country Sixtania prints postage stamps with only three values 6 lucres, 10 lucres and 15 lucres (where the currency is in lucres).Which values cannot be made up with combinations of these postage. . . .
  
  ### Molecular Sequencer
  
  ##### Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
  
  Investigate the molecular masses in this sequence of molecules and deduce which molecule has been analysed in the mass spectrometer.
  
  ### In a Box
  
  ##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
  
  Chris and Jo put two red and four blue ribbons in a box. They each pick a ribbon from the box without looking. Jo wins if the two ribbons are the same colour. Is the game fair?
distilabel_metadata.role: user
distilabel_metadata.raw_output_q_a_detector_0: This document is a collection of combinatorics problems and puzzles, each presented as a separate challenge. Each problem is labeled with a stage and challenge level, indicating its difficulty. The problems range from simple counting tasks to more complex combinatorial puzzles involving graphs, permutations, and arrangements. The document does not contain answers to the problems, only the problems themselves.
  
  Label: multiple-question