This paper describes the situation of indigenous peoples in Brazil in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic from two different perspectives. The first examines the actions of the Brazilian indigenous movement since the beginning of the pandemic, particularly the reactions of indigenous communities and organizations to the State's refusal to take into account the particular vulnerability of indigenous peoples and to present specific action plans to control the infectious risk. The other perspective focuses on the Brazilian State's inability to deal with the indigenous reality. Beyond a case study, this work focuses on an overview of the situation and the current developments in order to present the challenges faced by indigenous peoples for a long time: one cannot address their health situation without looking back at the State policies towards them and their historical claims, first of all the claim to advance without delay the demarcation of their territories and the respect of the holistic view of indigenous peoples on their territories. The indigenous movement and its leaders have been spreading this political message for many years. It has not yet been given the international attention it deserves. The traditional territories that are so vital to indigenous peoples play a role in the balance of human life, and the capital that oppresses these peoples is now forcing everyone to think about the well-being and climate consequences of the destruction of the global biodiversity