Does the expression “francophonie of America” refer to something real ? Is there a common basis among the various French-speaking and French cultural milieus or communities in North America ? The following article attempts to answer these questions by means of a “review of the ideas” expressed on this matter in the various disciplines of the humanities and social sciences. The author reveals five distinct representations of French America. These five francophonies of the continent are measured against the logic of nationalism, networks, communitarianism and métissage.