The Quebec question and the debates between advocates of sovereignty and federalists to which it gives rise remain inseparable from the histories of the Canadian federal regime and the modalities of the Canada's political regulation. Two counter-nationalism, Canadian and Quebecois, currently confront one another, as we move toward the neo-liberal state and as the role and place of the nation-state are being transformed. This article stresses the urgency of a profound transformation of Canada's political regime based on shared sovereignty and the full recognition of Canadian, Quebecois, and Aboriginal political cultures. Such a reform would allow for the affirmation of a post-nation identity and political community which would in no way entail the disappearance of national realities.