The word is overused, but the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Tsilhqot’in Nation v British Columbia well and truly deserves to be qualified as “historic.” For the first time in the history of Canadian law, a court has recognized, concretely, formally, and definitively, a constitutional ancestral aboriginal title. This decision puts to rest the main doubts regarding the credibility of judicial enforcement of the constitutional rights which Part II of the Constitution Act, 1982 guarantees to Aboriginal peoples. However, although they contain some useful clarifications, the Supreme Court’s reasons are deeply flawed in many respects. Regarding the constitutional rights of Aboriginal peoples, the most of the Court’s errors result from the way in which it mainly relies on the Guerin decision. As for the division of powers issues, the multiple errors, especially the conceptual ones, in the Chief Justice’s reasons are symptoms of even deeper problems.