Promoting active policies and spending, the social investment perspective proposes measures to foster equal opportunities (Palier, 2005, 2014). For many years in Québec, the disability movement has been advocating recognition of the extra costs of disability and compensation through public measures as these costs amount to inequalities of conditions in comparison with other categories of population (Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 2009). These costs also represent an impediment in terms of social participation and equal opportunities, and more so if they limit access to jobs, training or public transportation. In order to document, understand and classify a range of extra costs amongst people with disabilities and their families, we conducted a study allowing us to identify a significantly high number of daily situations entailing extra costs for people with disabilities. Analyzing public policy using the social investment framework, this article illustrates how obstacles to access adequate training, means of transportation or personal homecare supports likely lead to underemployment for persons with disabilities, and sometimes entail a poverty trap. Overall, our findings shed light on deficiencies and ineffectiveness of current policies and programs in spite of recent efforts to implement a social investment paradigm. Response to their special needs being insufficient or simply unavailable, the extra costs of disability remain an impediment to full labour market participation, financial independence and equal opportunities for a high number of respondents and disabled persons in general. Québec’s disability policy remains therefore limited in terms of a social investment approach that might respond to equal opportunities for disabled persons.