The Challenge of Transition in French Sociology. The Example of Georges Friedmann
The concept of «transition» is not a recent concept. Frequently used in prospective studies for one half-century, it belongs more largely to the long time history of industrialized societies. It also plays a decisive part in the theoretical orientation of sociology in France (especially in Comte, Tocqueville, and Durkheim). In his classical studies of work, Georges Friedmann speaks of a transition from «natural environment» to «technical environment». Apart from its undeniable descriptive virtues, this idea suggests that it is possible to reconcile techno-scientific progress, democracy and harmony with nature. The recent evolution of our societies encourage us to show more scepticism, and to rather consider the concept of «transition» as a part of the modern «disinhibition» which has contributed to lead us in an ecological dead end.