Between 1925 and 1998, the red foxes in France are faced with three epizootics of rabies, the last of which is the most important, killing tens of thousands of animals in the North-East of the country. Threatened by a deadly disease, foxes are also confronted to means of mass destruction (hunt, traps, poison, gassing) used against them in order to prevent the transmission of the rabies virus. However, given the sanitary failure of these measures and the criticisms of some people, the vaccination of the foxes becomes necessary. The vaccine finally succeed in curing the foxes (and therefore the country) of the rabies virus, putting an end to the epizootic.