Three ecological models are presented to back the following working hypothesis : there is a continuity of ecological processes that animate the adaptation and behaviour of plants, animals, and man. Human ecology can found itself upon biological ecology to integrate geographical, economic, and psycho-social factors and phenomena. A recourse to ecological premises will reveal, among others things, the distance between ecology and economies. The "ball-of-arrows" somewhat expands the triangular model of the ecosystem proposed by the biologists. The ecological space classification also exceeds the framework of "land use" adopted by the geographers. Finally, the pattern of sharing of resources ("environmental pie") borrows from the psychologists a scheme of strategy of human responses to environmental conditions. Four maps demonstrate the application of this methodology to wild or rural and urban environments.