Following the submission of the World Heritage Nomination of Anticosti Island (Québec, Canada) as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Site, it is appropriate to think about the future contribution of the island to research. This article aims to initiate reflection on some of the possible research opportunities in the context of a protected area with sustainable use on Anticosti. We propose that Anticosti has the potential to become an open-air laboratory for studying major global environmental conservation issues. We suggest that studies in connection with the protected area with sustainable use on Anticosti should inform 3 major international priorities: i) conservation at the ecoregional scale through the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework; ii) ecological restoration of ecosystems through the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration; iii) ecological transition to a green economy through the United Nations Environment Program’s. Finally, the modernization of the Natural Heritage Conservation Act suggests that Québec is entering a major phase of environmental conservation and that Anticosti could spark this process.