The present paper provides an overview of the reflections about translation theory carried out by a large group of Spanish university scholars working in the fields of Translation and Translation Studies. A number of pioneering works in these fields that offer various and rich concepts about translation theory and its didactic applications were published in the 1990s. While Lvóvskaya emphasizes on equivalence in bilingual communication, Elena is more inclined to apply functionalist and skopos German theories to Spanish language and translation. On the other hand, Tricás explores the application of language argumentation theories to translation on a textual level, whereas Hurtado pursues an exhaustive study of every pillar of translation, and Rabadán and Merino focus on the Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). This paper also mentions the work of Vidal (deconstruction, manipulation, power), Carbonell (postcolonialism), Corpas (translation corpus), Muñoz (cognitive dimension), Ortega (hermeneutics) and Mayoral (translation as technology).