Since Mauss’ work on the Gift, anthropologists have considered the obligation to give back what has been given as an essential prerequisite for all human institutions. Starting there, and following Frédéric Lordon’s Spinozist analysis, this article suggests that anthropological production is the product or effect of interest, which can be described as an essential, the structures and affects of which can be seen in the different rendition schemes found as well in societies that practice ritual giving as in market or State governed others. Examining the reception of Mauss’ theses, we argue that those rendition schemes, including the staging of gift and counter-gift, cannot as well be explained by the symbolic institution of societies which they effectively guarantee, as they can by the inscription on the bodies they produce. At the analytical intersection of Marx and Nietzsche, we expose the power economy required by the different historical realizations of fundamental debt structures, such as is established by a Spinozist theory of interest.