This descriptive quantitative research intended to study the quality of the physical and psychological environment regarding emergent literacy in thirty 4-year preschool education classes observed using the ELLCO tool (Smith et al., 2008). The results show that the participating classes present an environment that is poorly enriched with print and writing materials, and that the support offered in emergent literacy is of quality considered low to basic. This study thus raises the importance of improving the physical environment of 4-year preschool education and the educational practices implemented by teachers to promote children’s emergent literacy.