This article looks at the question of legitimacy through the lenses of linguistic policies carried out by Québec in the field of linguistic integration from the viewpoint of recently arrived minority allophones. We ask the two following questions: how do recent immigrants to Québec, living in Montreal, perceive the stakes of their francization; what are their representations of their actual and projected place in québécois francophone society? A policy analysis and an ethnography show that recent immigrants struggle to perceive themselves as full members of francophone society because of their language skills in acquisition, their monolingual and monolithic view of the francophone community and their lack of a shared historical past. The few exchanges with francophones, considered as “legitimate” – the native-born – have a direct impact on their sense of belonging and their social integration.