When a student is unable to progress and succeed within his training program or the situation requires the implementation of specialized services or various adaptations, an individualized education plan (IEP) is implemented (Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec [MÉQ], 2004a). Although the Quebec framework for the establishment of the IEP specifies that the student must be placed at the heart of his or her success, the participation of students with emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD) is generally little solicited, their opinions little taken into account, and they do not feel prepared to play an active role in it (Souchon, 2018). However, many studies demonstrate the positive effects associated with the active involvement of the student in the establishment of his IEP. Based on an integrative review of literature, this article paints a portrait of the situation regarding the establishment of IEPs and the participation of EBD students in this process. It outlines the benefits associated with active participation on their part. Subsequently, the need to support students in order to support this participation is demonstrated. Finally, courses of action are proposed to support EBD students in the development and implementation of their IEP and to support their self-determination throughout the phases of this process.