Climate change will have a significant impact on road ecology in Québec (Canada). Increases in temperature, precipitation and freeze/thaw cycles, and the decrease in snow cover will cause a cascade of events affecting the road network and surrounding ecosystems. This article presents an overview of the available literature illustrating these changes and their potential impacts, as well as possible adaptation measures. Amongst these impacts are the proliferation of invasive alien species along roadsides, habitat fragmentation, and an acceleration of road degradation caused by thawing permafrost. The way in which the road network and surrounding ecosystems are planned, designed, built and maintained needs to take into account the potential impacts of climate change. This requires relying on observations of past climate, and future climate projections. Informed and integrated decision-making is essential to adapt to the serious consequences of climate change.