This article investigates the anthropological structure of the social relationship known as “recognition”. It focuses on the cultural aspect of recognition as this is manifest between French-Canadians and English Canadians. The first part of the essay outlines German philosopher Axel Honneth’s analysis of the anthropology of recognition taken as a precondition to personal identity formation. Next, the article distinguishes between “cultural recognition”, which is specific to the relationship between individuals from different cultural groups, and the recognition of equal treatment and respect, which is guaranteed before the law. Finally, the article explores the inner logic of the morality of cultural recognition by drawing on the writings of André Laurendeau upon reporting on attitudes prevalent in English-Canada.