This article shows how the concept of francophonie has changed. Initially referring to a group defined by a colonial history, it has evolved to designate a semiosphere structured around the values of "cultural dialogue" and "cultural diversity". The word "francophone" has evolved as well, referring both to language proficiency and to identity. This study examines these ambiguities, as well as the ambiguity surrounding the notion of cultural diversity itself. It evaluates the barriers that encumber the French language, preventing it from truly being a language of diversity. Lastly, the study explores various avenues open for language policies that can bring to fruition the values francophonie claims to hold.