This article presents a synthesis of the main contributions of my doctoral research project on Western classical music improvisation. Specifically, a three-phase research design was developed to document the learning pathways, the performance strategies, and the teaching-learning approaches of expert instrumentalists and pedagogues in Western classical music improvisation. Firstly, the most significant results from each phase of the research are presented. Then, the transversal dimensions of the three phases are discussed, before contextualizing the results in relation to the corpus of theoretical and empirical studies on musical improvisation. The article concludes with the main pedagogical implications of the research, beginning with those that emerged specifically from each of its phases, then those that stood out of the analysis of the entire data set.