«Their way to punish you, it’s the schedule!»: Informal Work-Family Balance Practices in Quebec Food Retail Stores
The positive influence of organizational support on work-family balance (WFB), by means of flexible attitudes and practices, is widely recognized in the literature. However, few studies have examined the dynamics surrounding these practices in work environments where a rigid organization of work time makes WFB a significant challenge for workers while severely limiting possibilities for management support. Carried out in partnership with Quebec unions, this study focuses on WFB informal practices in Quebec food retail stores, a low-wage employment sector where schedules are imposed, extended, unpredictable and variable. Thematic analysis of a corpus of thirty semi-structured interviews with managers, unionized female workers, and union representatives reveals that the scheduling process involves informal WFB practices despite collectively bargained rules, including the possibility of favouritism and arbitrary decisions. Those informal practices are often individual, or even secret, and are seen as the result of preferential treatment given to some people even when seniority is respected. Given the limited access to opportunities for accommodation, these practices can lead to a dynamic of “everyone for himself”, where workers protect their strategies so as to improve their quality of life. The quality of relationships among colleagues can be affected and some working mothers are particularly disadvantaged by the degree of flexibility valued in their workplace. Finally, informal practices are accepted by the group if they are transparent and if advantages given to some workers are not perceived as creating injustice toward others. The study highlights the collective impact of informal WFB practices for workers with low schedule control. Results suggest that companies and trade unions active in these environments should create conditions for the development of healthy and equitable relationships and practices that support the open discussion of WFB issues.