Based on a PhD thesis, this article aims to demonstrate empirically that the moment of policy decision, wheter it is favourable or not, does not allow us to infer the “success” or the “failure” of public action. Adopting a historical mid-term perspective and completing a first reflection centred on the examples of Paraguay and Uruguay (Larrouqué, 2017a), this article describes the political, social and economic context of Peru and Argentina, in which were announced and then implemented the programs of digital inclusion inspired by the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) project. In order to harmonize the comparison, four cross-cutting variables are taken into consideration. These are the characteristics of the electoral victory that brought the presidents to the top of the state, the resulting parliamentary configuration, the versatility of public opinion reflecting the attrition of power and the economic climate supporting their mandates.