This contribution explores the treatment of individuals affected by conspiracy issues through psychoanalytic perspectives. The distinction between psychotherapy and psychoanalysis reveals the intersubjectivity between the patient and the clinician as a propaedeutic to rational judgment. The case of Mathilde sheds light on a paranoid-perverse defense that is not yet fixed in a structure and, therefore, is likely to evolve. Alexander’s case sets an example of an archaic childhood disorder that reappears in adolescence as a sense of falsehood and persecution. The question of our values goes beyond the opposition of what is true and what is false.