The Noongars, the Aboriginal people from the South West of Western Australia, have demonstrated an ongoing exercise of asserting claim to their traditional land along with improving their social, economic and political situation. In a context marked by the mistrust of the Australian state relating to the universal definition for “Indigenous peoples”, a majority of Noongars stay out of the international discourses on indigeneity, at least in appearance. They defend the idea of a Noongar nation within the Australian nation by mentioning the principle of internal sovereignty with the aim to carry out their agency in the Australian state. However, some Noongars clearly appeared to be attracted by the content of these international discourses with the claim for recognition of sovereignty over their ancestral lands. The study of the Noongars’ various claims help to enrich the sociological views of indigeneity, as a political and contingent category leading to divergent or even contradictory interpretations. It allows us to refute the idea of an indigeneity anchored in the past by showing that Indigenous identities are resolutely contemporary, constantly being negotiated about in the light of the neoliberal context in which they are immersed.