The Parti Québécois has had to deal with a particular issue in terms of intergovernmental relations : the dilemma of pursuing its ideal goal at all costs—Quebec’s accession to sovereignty—or taking into consideration the foreseeable consequences of its actions on Quebec’s interests and the evolution of Canadian federalism in the short, middle and long term. Despite this dilemma, the strategies adopted by the PQ do not substantially differ from the other political parties. With varying success rates, multilateral, bilateral, and unilateral approaches have frequently been used by the Party in different Canadian forums. Reflecting on the discourse and actions taken by the PQ in constitutional affairs and intergovernmental relations, this study aims to draw a critical assessment of the strategies implemented by the PQ governments to defend, primarily, the autonomy of Quebec, but also its participation in the central institutions of the Canadian federation.