The study aims to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with child poly-victimization, in order to provide a reliable estimate of the problem in the Chinese context. Using a 2-stage stratified sampling procedure, 18,341 high schools students were recruited from 6 cities in China. Students were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire containing items about child victimization, addictive behaviors and adolescent sexual behaviors. In particular, the validated Chinese version of Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) was employed in this study. Preceding-year prevalence rates were 23.2 % for any type of child victimization and 9.2 % for poly-victimization. Living in Mainland China, being younger in age, and having siblings were associated with increased odds ratios of poly-victimization. Some adolescent addictive and sexual behaviors, including gambling, smoking, alcohol abuse, early sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners and teenage pregnancy, were also significantly associated with increased likelihood of poly-victimization. The findings of this study provide evidence of strong associations between child victimization and risky behaviors, which warrant prioritized intervention in cases of poly-victimization.