In order to understand the emergence of modernist movements in Japanese and Chinese modern literature, “modernism,” “Neo-Perceptionist School” and “Paul Morand” are three keywords closely intertwined. This article proposes to compare the Japanese and Chinese modernist movements from a more original step – the translation, by focusing on Paul Morand’s two short novels: The Roman Night and The Night of Six-days, which were simultaneously translated into Japanese and Chinese during the modernist movement in 1920s and 1930s. Through the comparison, we try to answer the following questions: how did the cultural roles of translators influence their translation strategies? In what way have the Japanese and Chinese translation strategies shown modernity? How did the differences of Japanese and Chinese translation strategies reveal different facets of modernity in these two countries?