Several health issues such as hiv/aids, risks linked to tobacco and alcohol consumption, cancer as well as the therapeutic resistance are today considered as global health issues notably because they are able to threaten the health of populations located in industrialized and developing countries simultaneously. To face these global health challenges, numerous local, national, regional and international actors have decided to get involved and to participate to global health negotiations aimed at finding agreements on sustainable and suitable solutions. From these complex and multilevel interactions has emerged global health diplomacy which has certainly been at the origin of efficient and innovative health initiatives enabling local access to health, but has also sometimes led to status quo or failures.