This article presents a systematic review of literature on measurement models, and in particular on Item Response Models, during the last 30 years. First, we conduct a review of articles selected from fourteen international journals on measurement in education. Second, we present the results of this review of literature and the developments and the major challenges that remain to be tackled by researchers working on elaborating, refining and using Item Response Models. Finally, we suggest new avenues to be explored in the coming years.