Polygamy is criminalized, in Canada, by section 293 of the Criminal Code. The constitutionality of this section is now challenged by a reference to the Supreme Court of British Columbia. In this context, we put the criminalization of polygamy to the test of the Charter, i.e. we will analyze if it respects relevant rights and freedoms, which are the liberty of religion, the right to liberty and the protection against discrimination. Then, we will analyze the objective of the federal Parliament to determine if an eventual violation of a right or a liberty can be justified in a free and democratic society.