Bolsonarism is a complex phenomenon that needs to be placed in a global context and in a long-term perspective. It cannot be reduced to neoliberalism, which is a contemporary form of utilitarianism. Bolsonarism is distinguished by the plurality of forces that support it and the diversity of the registers of mobilization and justification that it manipulates towards public opinion. It is difficult to predict its evolution. The heterogeneity of voters’ motives, as well as of the forces that support it, could lead to its crisis before it has achieved its objectives. However, in view of the first months of Bolsonarism, the extreme radicality of its programme makes one fear the worst.