The skills of interpreting works of art are made of a variety of complex and technical skills. Thus, what can pre-school children learn with artbooks? What do students really acquire in those situations? What does it mean to understand a work of art? Through some session extracts in a pre-school class, with three to five year old children, the present study offers to consider the type of learning that could be enacted with works of art such as attitudes like motivation or curiosity, skills like comparisons or networking, or knowledges about art works and their authors. As documented in this study, some pupils are able to question the depicted subject, the form of the artwork, the artistic style or to convey other artworks including elements that could be compared. These pupils were able to build a veritable mental art gallery.