Balzac's insight into the web of fictions and fantasies that upheld modern social conditions provided Marx with an implicit framework within which he attempted to analyse the systematic production of illusions on which such relations depend. Between the texts of Balzac and Marx, between the dramatic scripts of the former and the historical analyses of the latter, there is more than just a mirror image or analogical relation: they are two faces of a realism that seeks, according to diverging normative judgments, to grasp the potential alternatives embedded in the actual capitalist développement.