There are more than 200,000 students with special needs in Quebec. Therefore, more than 200,000 individualized education programs (IEPs) were developed, implemented, and reviewed in Quebec. However, developing, implementing, and reviewing IEPs are still far from being optimal practices and represent different significant costs in education: pedagogical cost, developmental cost, acquisition cost, usage cost, collaboration cost, and training cost. That being said, it is essential to examine what research has to say so it can inform and guide present practices and future research. This article presents a literature review in order to draw a historical portrait so we can suggest venues for future research and guide present practices.