This article offers a reflection on psycho-educational counselling as a discipline and a practice. Psycho-educational counselling was built around the concepts of adaptation and environment when created by Gendreau in the 60s. Today, psycho-educational counsellors are brought to intervene in ever-varying settings and with persons of different horizons. It is a necessity for the concepts which psycho-educational counselling was built upon to evolve. By focusing on persons with different abilities, the authors show that the way the central concept of adaptation is defined leads to two problematics. The first is a lack in the assessment of the environment in psycho-educational counselling practices. The second is the approach of psycho-educational counselling. The Human Development Model – Disability Creation Process (HDM-DCP) is proposed as an answer to the problematics.