In psychoanalytic theory, memory is a complex notion that remains misunderstood. In this essay, memory is apprehended through a new lens. The present study explores the notion of memory in Freud’s work, and using a variety of clinical illustrations. We make a distinction between memory and reminiscence and examine the basis of this distinction. We conclude with a discussion on the complex relationship between memory and truth and its consequences for technical and therapeutic aspects of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.