Initiatives on behalf of sustainable development are often criticized for inadequate consideration and advice of local issues and replication of decontextualized good practices only. This is particularly the case in Arab countries with authoritarian regimes. This article reviews the experience of the Development Strategy of Greater Sfax, considered as a success by many international, Tunisian and Sfaxian actors. We seek to identify the factors behind this relative success, while emphasizing the limits of this experiment. The article first presents the debate on sustainable urban development in Arab countries and especially in the Tunisian context. Then it analyzes the experience of Sfax emphasizing the role of international institutions which played a major role in launching the process, the nature of interactions between participants in the strategy development, including the role taken by local actors from the civil society, and the argumentation used to reach this consensus. Examining two projects from this strategy, the paper considers the inclusion in the local history of development as an essential condition for the continuation of this process. However, by focusing on the development of these projects until the current period of political change, the article also highlights the limits of consensus, including in particular the tensions that arise around the social issue.