With the effects of New Public Management applied to French social action, social and medico-social organizations have been led to develop new forms of management, to cope with the contraction of their budget and the imposition of new systems of supervision. A dualization appears, between a new supervisory staff, away from social work, and daily managers now responsible for the application of new prescriptions. This change is both an effect and a condition to a reworking of French social action through a neoliberal logic.