This work aims to describe the way in which the program of prevention of the sexual violence in the school system of Vaud is organized for the children of 4 to 12 years. The interest of this document is based on the linking of theoretical aspects and empirical data making possible to evaluate the reality of practices in terms of early detection and intervention in a school context. The data were collected by semi-directed interviews with a group of school professionals (teachers, psychologists, school nurses, etc.) from the School Health Prevention and Promotion Unit and ith structures outside the State (association, experts, etc.). It emerged from this work that the prevention system currently in place is poorly structured and lacking in means.