Tastes and odours in drinking water: a review of related compounds and measurement techniques
The assessment of drinking water quality in a distribution system is generally based on physicochemical and microbiological standards set by government regulations. Although municipalities often invest considerable amounts to comply with regulations, an increasing proportion of citizens prefer alternatives to tap water. This situation may be in part explained by the organoleptic quality of distributed water in municipal systems and, in particular, by taste and odours. However, taste and odours are rarely considered as water quality criteria by municipal water managers. Moreover, analytical methods used to analyze molecules related to taste and odours in drinking water require specialized and costly equipment. This article presents the state of the art in terms of taste and odour issues in the drinking water area. The paper focuses on the origins of taste and odours and on the methods (qualitative and quantitative) available for the analysis of the compounds from which they originate. The feasibility of applying these methods to water quality surveillance is discussed, along with their advantages and drawbacks.