The election of the Harper government is generating a debate among scholars who study Canadian foreign policy. Given the conclusions they have reached to date, other case studies are necessary to contribute to this debate. This article seeks to answer the following question : is Canadian foreign policy formulated and implemented in accordance with the dominant idea or from a strategic neocontinentalist perspective ? A hypothesis regarding the emergence of a neocontinentalist vision will be tested by examining Canada’s Iranian policy. Indeed, while it is seen as an important policy by the current government, it remains poorly documented.