In 2019, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the “Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022-2032” to preserve, revitalize and promote Indigenous languages, most of which are endangered. Not only would the extinction of these languages jeopardize the cultures and knowledge systems to which they belong, it would inevitably lead to an impoverishment of cultural diversity in all its forms, thus undermining the common heritage of humanity. The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions is an important lever for the adoption of national policies and measures to promote cultural expressions in Indigenous languages. The adoption of such policies and measures is essential to the respect of the cultural rights of Indigenous peoples as recognized in human rights instruments and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.