The process of urbanization in Côte d'Ivoire has created an important rural migration from its hinterland and from surrounding countries. Urbanization in Abidjan is characterized by urban expansion marked by spaces unsuited for construction because of an adverse topography. In addition, at the demographic level, the annual average population increase rate of 3,7%, compared to a national average of 3,3%,makes geographical sprawl inevitable, punctuated by contrasts in land use modes. Many of the public lands as well as allocated parcels (waiting for development) are occupied by agricultural activities in the urban space with regard to the Charter of Aalborg. The aim of this paper is to point to the existence of two distinct types of urban agriculture: an alimentary driven type and a decorative type. The article will also describe the actors (stakeholders) who are involved, their origins and the strategies they adopt to survive in a large metropolitan area like Abidjan where the cost of living is high compared to normal daily life marked by unemployment, under- employment and poverty.