The Martinique case permits an association between tourism and environmental management. The linkage analysis between these two aspects are founded on the four following interfaced topics: 1) the lack of participation the local communities have in planning; 2) the links between tourism, environment and identity; 3) the lack of cohesion between conceptions and practices in planning and tourist development matters; and 4) the relations between the environment and the tourism crisis. The analysis is based upon a renewed systemic perspective, « autopoietique » (self-suffïcient). This perspective addresses the problem at the level of the capacities the communities and the tourist infrastructure have in producing an autonomous System. It becomes then necessary to redefine relationships between tourist infrastructure and the local communities.