In Québec, a new vision of community development has taken an important expansion since its inclusion as a transversal strategy within the National Public Health Program in 2003. As a health promotion strategy sustained by community action, a community development approach requires a paradigm change from various professional actors. Indeed, to act in this domain requires two intervention fields to modify their practices: public health and community organization. In this paper, we first document the history of these two fields from the 1970s on and we show how community development prompts them to work together today. Lastly, we identify the main convergence and differing points that can impinge upon community development practices in these two fields.