 The use of restraint and seclusion in residential treatment centers for youth: a systematic review of associated factors 
The use of Restraint and Seclusion (R&S) in Rehabilitation Centres (RC) is controversial because it can have negative consequences for the youth who leave the situation as well as for the educators who apply them. Although R&S is considered in "exceptional" interventions, several studies indicate that its use contravenes legal limits. The first objective of this systematic review is to present to the francophone readership the factors identified in the review by Roy et al. (2019) that are associated with the use of R&S in RC. This first systematic review, covering the period from 2012 to 2017, presented a conceptual model with four categories (characteristics of youth, educators, environment, and programs) grouping the factors associated with R&S. The second objective is to update the systematic review by Roy et al. (2019) to incorporate new research on the topic. This systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC and PsycNET for articles published between July 2017 and December 2020. The keywords used were synonyms for R&S, youth, and CR. Six Quebec studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the systematic review. The studies confirmed eight factors presented in Roy et al. (2019) and eight new factors could be classified in the conceptual categories of their model. These additions highlight the complexity of the use of R&S. They also contribute to a better understanding of their use and may guide some individual and organizational practices.