Reflections on Systemic Racism. Expressions of racism against Indigenous Peoples in daily life and in politics in Quebec
Unike sytemic approaches to racism, this article focuses on racist actors and the different logics that structure their practices and discourses. The main objective is to understand the ways in which differentialist racism, racial discrimination, and universalist racism are articulated. The ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Sept-Îles, Quebec between 2005 and 2009 highlights racist practices and discourses. This article focus mainly on two conflict situations: the rise of the Innu into the fishery industry and the global land claims for the restitution of the Nitassinan. The analysis of these economic and political situations makes it possible to distinguish the multiple logics of racism against Indigenous Peoples and their variations depending to the actors, their social status and their relations with the Innu. Racism against Indigenous Peoples is a set of tensions and oppositions that make it a social phenomenon that is not unified but rather fragmented.