In the framework of intercultural and transcultural communication, increasing attention is being paid to culture theories and cultural transfer. It is not restricted to any one specific cultural sector but rather comprises the communication of ideas, cultural artifacts, practices and institutions from one specific social system to another. Processes of cultural transfer are dynamic processes: they relate to phenomena of both the tangible material and spiritual cultural worlds. In fields like the translation of books or the communication of information from other cultures and cultural areas, as in the case of daily news reporting or specific kind of texts, these processes are directly observable and identifiable in both quantitative respects and in qualitative respects. Borrowings are presented as originals and interpretation performed to enable items and ideas to fulfill their functions in the new context. Culture theories, anthropological cultural models and culture-oriented translation theories are helpful in defining “culture” more closely, in grasping the various levels of the concept and understanding the transfer processes involved.