Universalism and nationalism are two territorial ideologies. Christianism has generated universal ideologies but the first nationalisms developed in Europe with the Middle Age. When the French come in America, it is to enlarge Christendom and the Kingdom. After the Conquest, the Québécois confine themselves in the laurentian area protected by the Seigniory and the Church. When they will look for new frontiers, their colonizing moves were anima-ted in part by French ideas. For Rameau de Saint-Père, the conquest of space was the last chance for the French race in America. It is under this influence that the Québécois started to think of themselves as a national territorial collectivity. The problem of Québec actually is to have to choose between two territorial ideologies: the European model of the national community spatially delimited and strenghtened by a language or the American model of a mixed society with only one language. But is it necessary to choose?