The rising prevalence of chronic diseases, including those that are preventable, underlines important limitations of the healthcare perspectives commonly used. We argue that a better understanding of “prendre soin” (caring), which is not limited to medical or nursing procedures, nor to nursing science, is necessary to improve health practices and outcomes. “Prendre soin de la santé” or PSS (taking care of health or caring), which includes “prendre soin de soi” (taking care of oneself or self-care), is a concept broader than compliance to treatment and disease or health management. This paper aims at exploring the interest of PSS for healthcare. A literature review was conducted to examine the philosophical, theoretical and practical underpinnings of “prendre soin” in relation to other approaches, including caring, and current challenges. The proposed analysis is situated within the context of diabetic youth and their families’ health care. For this particular situation and others, PSS carries possibilities for improving the assistance and quality of life of the persons affected and to foster prevention.