Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) is the groundfish with the highest commercial value per unit weight and is thus an important socio-economic resource in Québec and the Atlantic provinces (Canada). Landings of Atlantic halibut from the Gulf of St. Lawrence have been steadily increasing since the early 2000s, after a stock collapse in the early 1950s that was followed by a long period of low abundance. In 2019, landings exceeded 1,383 tons, the highest in the last 60 years. Following this strong return, improved knowledge of larval ecology and habitat use throughout its ontogeny is essential for sustainable management of the stock. This paper presents a history of the Atlantic halibut harvest from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the current state of knowledge concerning this management unit of the species. It also outlines the challenges managers face in ensuring a sustainable fishery and the research currently underway to fill key knowledge gaps. Finally, the specific issues involved in establishing a sustainable recreational Atlantic halibut ice fishery in the Saguenay Fjord are discussed.