On the occasion of the research projects initiated by the French Community of Belgium (Communauté Française de Belgique) as an application of its decree "Missions" (24-7-1997), this article develops some reflections and propositions concerning the geography courses during the last four years in general and technological teaching. They are based on the notion of competence as well as on the definition of the necessary final competences in geography, which permits a new focusing of the learning procedures and a better organisation, in view of the desired objectives. Moreover, the article tries to identify the geographical knowledge necessary for the application of these competences. In fact, this knowledge has been classified in three groups: spatial references, keys for the study of territorial organisations and study of particular themes.