For the outside observer, the situation of OLMC generates two types of assessment. First, the range of rights gained and of measures put in place make Canada’s policy on official languages one of the most advanced in the world. Secondly, by not integrating the political and economic dimensions in its programs, the same policy puts Francophone communities in a contradiction: what purpose and collective involvement can be fed without political power? What can the functionality of a linguistic and cultural empowerment be without an autonomous social and economic dynamic? The answer to these issues is not so much that of the classical pathway “independence or assimilation” as a reflection on the place of OLMC in a society that adopts, often blindly, the materialistic and individualistic prerogatives of the neo-liberal agenda. Within a Canada that has regularly been able to give constructive answers to the demands of its singular components, innovative propositions based on the organic relationship between autonomy and empowerment should break through.