The latest episodes of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict bring further evidence that this conflict cannot be understood solely in political terms. In this paper, we review a significant set of psychological scientific articles that specifically examine this conflict, and we argue that such psychological insights may renew perspectives towards its understanding and, perhaps, resolution. After having set the issue in our introduction, we proceed in three steps, which correspond to the three kinds of insights that we argue could be gained from psychology. First, we consider the perceptions of the conflict by its actors. Second, we consider the dynamics of identity and aggressive behaviour. Third, we consider the effects of violence on mental health. Eventually, a conclusion sums up these insights and opens up the debate.