An effective mitigation strategy to reduce collisions between wildlife and vehicles, and to improve road safety, requires precise knowledge of why, where and when such collisions happen. Collisions with cervids are known to be particularly influenced by different temporal (e.g., time of day/night, season and biological cycle) and spatial (e.g., topography and forest cover) characteristics. These factors can influence cervid behavior, the ability of drivers to detect animals on the road, and driver reaction time. The present study evaluated the effect of spatiotemporal characteristics on the risk of collisions with moose (Alces americanus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Claude-Béchard Highway (Highway 85/185), linking Rivière-du-Loup (Québec, Canada) with the province of New Brunswick, between 1990 and 2015. Ability to identify the main factors influencing the spatiotemporal distribution of collisions differed between species, and was higher for moose than for deer. Factors highlighted in the study could help develop appropriate mitigation measures for the Claude-Béchard Highway to help limit the risk of collision, mainly with moose. The study also provides additional knowledge on the distribution of vehicle collisions with cervids in an inhabited agroforestry landscape holding a high density of these animals.