Lu Xun (1881-1936), the greatest writer in Chinese literature of the twentieth century, has a lasting and living influence in China due to his eminent works and his incisive thoughts. His major works have been translated into more than twenty languages, which greatly helped to expand the influence of the Chinese writer worldwide. However, the act of translating is not an isolated and merely linguistic act. Its function and operation vary in time and space. As the historical and social contexts of recipient countries change, the selection and translation of works by Lu Xun are necessarily marked by the difference of the mode of interpretation and the motives of translating, and are surely conditioned by various factors, which is a severe test for the dissemination and reception of works of the writer in such a recipient country like France. By investigating the historical condition in France, the factor behind the choice of works to be translated and the intentions of the translators as well, this article attempts to make a closer analysis of the political and ideological factors involved in the translation and reception of Lu Xun in France. An ideological translation emphasizes an ideological reception, which in turn reinforces the ideological dimensions of the image of Lu Xun.