Money has been studied by heterodox economists, sociologists and historians who stressed its relationship to collective order. However, it has hardly been analysed from the viewpoint of its relationship to citizenship. We propose a theoretical account of the mechanisms enabling money to operate as a mediation of citizenship. This mediation mobilises not only national sociopolitical mechanisms, but also international mechanisms which feed back on the domestic sphere of states and affect their capacity to define their regime of citizenship. Today, the capacity of money to operate as a mediation of national citizenship is weakened in favour of a competitive citizenship which tends to define the belonging of citizens with respect to their relationship to the globalized structures of financial markets.