Autism representations are being redefined. My essay attempts to analyse the underlying issues of the transformations presently taking place. The study of the purpose of associations for parents of autistic children shows how, in France, those associations contribute to the establishment of public policies, but also how the demands from some of those associations coincide both with the interests of those promoting new methods and of those from public powers who wish to call upon the private sector. The new orientations of autistic people associations, which resemble self-supporting groups, is oriented to a direct commitment, and to the roles of self-help, news, and political and identitary claims that aim to modify the understanding of autism, so that the autistic subject is no longer considered as sick but as a person using a different cognitive operation. Transformation imposed by the associations, public powers and the new autism «market» create great tensions in the specialists' universe.