The ‘education’ of a child is a right while also being a duty for the parents. This concept is not limited to school. The family plays a key role in the child’s education. But the conditions of this education can be compromised within the family and at school. The child at risk in such situation is neither delinquent nor victim but can become one and/or the other. This situation is considered as pre-delinquency or pre-victimization. In French Law, to characterize the child at risk, some criteria are considered: health, morality, security, development and education of the child. However, the French legislator does not specify under what circumstances “the conditions of education” of the child are considered endangered. Indeed, the judges are attributed a broad power of interpretation in consideration of the best interests of the child. In Canada, depending on the province, the assessment of risk for a child’s education varies. In this article, the author analyzes the situations in which the conditions of the education of a child within the family on one hand, and at school on the other hand could be compromised and compares French law and Canadian law, particularly New Brunswick and Quebec law.