Issues relating to the fight against cross-border crime and the strengthening of the Common Market led the Community legislature to lay the foundations of a common criminal space in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). Being an area where State sovereignty has long been regarded as an obstacle to any harmonization, the building of a Community penal space is noticeable on material and procedural plans. On the material side, it is manifested by a communitisation of criminal rules through the establishment of Community offences and matching penalties. On a procedural point of view, the construction of the common criminal space proceeds of the consecration, though imperfect, of the principle of mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments in criminal matters, on the one hand, and a judicial co-operation procedure which gradually takes the path of Community bodies on the other.