Entrepreneurial emancipation, participation and counter-participation, the case of the homosexual population
This essay models power and counter-power games aimed at controlling sexual identities in entrepreneurship. To date, the discipline has avoided dealing with economic models inspired by homosexual liberation. In order to limit its interest in the field of value creation, it presents entrepreneurship as a refuge for discriminated homosexual employees. However, studies in history and political science show that, through their activism, these entrepreneurs have opened up a viable alternative market and participated in the development of the inclusive agenda. In addition to the two queer entrepreneurial imaginaries of refuge and activism, this essay highlights the existence of a counter-participatory dynamic, that of entrepreneurial queering that challenges the gains of identity politics and the inclusive agenda. In order to guarantee a renewal of the entrepreneurial spirit, defensive queering seeks to preserve the (unique) experience of producing oneself as a queer entrepreneur. Offensive queering proposes economic models whose core is not to propose an alternative like the founders of the queer market, but to challenge the heteronormative regime.