This paper follows the submission of a first report about the thesis on the "agricultural crisis" that took place in Lower Canada during the first half of XIX th Century. This time, emphasis is put namely on the new demographic, economic and social conditions in which agriculture has evolved at the time. During this period of rapid population growth, it is indeed significant to note that rural owner-ship demanded larger investments which must be related partly to speculation on the part of the farmers wishing to make their estate profitable, and partly to the speculation by a new class of land-owners who saw in the "seigneurie" some kind of management enterprise. All this adds up to a permanent mortgage of the farm, which is tentatively reduced by a radical transformation of the farming System, and the generalization of practices that had always fostered some form of rural depopulation. Thus, the so-called agricultural crisis in the XIXth Century appears more like an adaptation to completely new circumstances than like a failure in the production System.