Taking as a starting point the hermeneutics of ideologies present in the magazine L’Acayen (1972-1976), we offer in this article a contextualized interpretation of the ideological debates that animated the Acadian militants of the first half of the 1970s. After having historicized the origins of the periodical, the analysis of its content and its classification by theme leads us to offer a periodization of the ideological debates in the journal which evolve in tandem between neonationalism and socialism. The periodical, born from the ideas associated with decolonization which linked national and economic issues, is gradually distancing itself from neonationalist ideology in favor of a socialist orientation, even Marxist-Leninist at the end of its existence. In short, the study of L’Acayen opens a fascinating window on the many debates and projects that animated the small Acadian society of the time.