The scientific observations made on the volcanic territories as well as their representations show how territories subjects to risk can become cultural artefacts. These volcanic landscapes offer the possibility of observing differently the disaster, its effects and the uncertainties which the rationality cannot accept. At the same time, the cultural approach of volcanoes eliminates the supernatural elements and facilitate the scientific observation. Vesuvius is an example of this cultural construction which invites to reconsider the place and the role of the man in these contexts at risk. This paper deals with the scientific works of the XVIIIth century and their illustrations opening to an esthetics which sublimates the destruction. These pictures seem to be the ancestors of the mediatization of the risk and put in the foreground the themes of the human responsibility and the social acceptability. After the appearance of the other volcanic landscapes in the world, Vesuvius remains a forward-looking laboratory of observation for alternative manners to manage volcanoes. Indeed, the resistance of the inhabitants invites to consider differently the management of the resilient volcano’s landscape. So, the resilient turn gives birth to new volcanic landscapes and their environmental esthetics corresponds to a new way of taking care of territories at risk.