Research in Canada and elsewhere in the world acknowledges the overrepresentation of aboriginal children in child welfare services. The actual study adds knowledge concerning child maltreatment in the aboriginal children population and the way Quebec child welfare responds to aboriginal children. The overrepresentation of aboriginal children is analyzed at three steps of the child welfare trajectory. Then, the personal and family characteristics of Aboriginal children, of their reports and the services they receive are described. Predictors of out-of-home placement for children receiving child welfare services are finally investigated, with a specific attention to the aboriginal status in that prediction. Results reveal an increase in the overrepresentation of aboriginal children as they progress in the different steps of child protective services trajectory. These children live more often with hard life conditions and have to face more risk factors than other children. The importance of aboriginal status in out-of-home placement decisions remains substantial, even when many other characteristics increasing out-of-home placement risks are added. Implications for research and practice are discussed.