Species at risk are among the most sensitive to climate change. The present study investigated the potential impacts of climate change on the 409 vascular plant species at risk found in Québec (Canada). A vulnerability index was used to evaluate their susceptibility to climate change, and ecological niche models were used to quantify potential changes in the distribution of 131 of them. Results suggest that climatic conditions in Québec could become suitable for many of the plant species at risk, and that the province could serve as a climate refuge for those for which conditions become unsuitable in the United States of America. However, the study revealed that the ecological niche of plant species may move faster than their capacity for dispersal. Thus it may be impossible for many plants to naturally expand their distribution range within the province. In total, 57.7% of the studied species were found to be susceptible to climate change, with the most vulnerable being those with a southern peripheral distribution, and those associated with arctic-alpine habitats or with the St. Lawrence gulf and estuary. Recommendations are made to incorporate climate change mitigation strategies into the management of plant species at risk and their habitats.