In Algeria, the industrialization program after independence, high population growth with the "over-urbanization of the North" that has created and unemployment aggravated by the structural adjustment program have had because of the quality of environment, both in urban areas than in villages. That's why, like many countries, Algeria after three decades of development, and a passage gap in the ecological culture, realized since the emergence of the particular debate on development-environment she has, as well as developed countries, problems of environmental order that it cannot ignore (pollution, erosion, fragility of the vegetation cover and the impoverishment of its potential, over-urbanization, etc.) However, this awareness of the fragility of the environmental situation coincides with an economic and financial crisis. To measure the extent of environmental problems in Algeria and to provide as effective as long-term solutions, it appears important to place environmental issues in the broader context of socio-economic development model followed since l962. In this article, our focus is whether the Algerian economic policy pursued since independence can claim a development be it economically, and if so how it can be done in harmony with the environmental protection. This goal leads us to look for, from and within the internal dynamics of economic and Algerian industrial structures, identifying the link between economic policy, industrial and alteration of the environment. We will adopt the analysis, which is to focus on the causal consideration of environmental issues in relation to economic policy implementation.