This article presents a scoping review focused on an activity used within outdoor therapies, in this case surfing. It is designed to outline the populations under study, the effects, and the key elements of surf therapy. In addition, it aims to shed light on social work. Using various databases, 16 articles published between 2000 and 2020 were selected. Most of these studies were conducted with children and adolescents (62%). A wide range of populations were studied: 25% of studies were carried out with veterans and people with physical and cognitive disabilities, while 19% are with people living with mental health problems, youth at risk or with a violence problem. A small proportion of studies (6%) involved people with addiction issues, whereas 19% were experiencing social exclusion in addition to another psychosocial problem. Effects on physical (44%), psychological (94%), social (63%) and spiritual (6%) health were found. As for the key elements, these included ocean immersion (31%), mindfulness (19%), experiencing challenge (31%) and group experience (50%). The discussion focuses on the relationships between effects, populations and key elements found in the studies. This leads to few findings for future work. Finally, the strengths and challenges of integrating surfing into Quebec’s social work practice are highlighted.