Quebec’s educational system, like the society that surrounds it, is undergoing a double process of fragmentation: first, in terms of traditional social factors – mainly family income and parental education; second, through the multiplication of diverse socio-cultural models. In primary and secondary education, the first type of fragmentation manifests itself through the rise in private schooling, especially in urban centers; the second type of fragmentation shows itself, within the public sector, through the growing number of special and diverse curricular programs, designed to retain students from a high socio-economic background, but also in response to the desire of particular social groups to transmit a distinctive education to their children. This article analyzes this double fragmentation in education and tries to contextualize it within the broad societal changes. It argues that, fuelled by competition between schools, Quebec’s educational system is increasingly stratified and less equitable. It explores certain public policies that may offer a way out of this difficult-to-change situation.