Prehistoric archeology in North America is driven by a process of decolonization that forces us to question and redefine its practices, as well as its links with Aboriginal communities and their archaeological heritage. No longer having the monopoly of discourse on this heritage, archaeologists are developing new approaches that are more collaborative, multivocal and socially relevant. The question of appropriating the past remains problematic, however, as it is subject to debates opposing sociopolitical and interpretative positions that are sometimes difficult to reconcile. This article provides a brief overview of the situation and the resulting ethical challenges, illustrated by a contemporary case study located in Montreal.