Usually, the common geopolitical vision of the international relations indicates that the superpower and the great power States of the North dominate the underdevelopped countries of the South. No theoretical geographical litterature has shown that imperialism could be the fact of the actual medium power States of the South, taken as the intertropical area of the earth. This paper is an attempt to illustrate a new geopolitical phenomenon, called here tropical gondwanian imperialism, which emphasizes the prominent role that India and Brazil are likely to play as great power States in the beginning of the next century.