With the increasing land challenge, the small farmers have evil to form part of the process of development. In Niger, the land insecurity is without one of the difficulties which limit the agricultural investment. Starting from an investigation carried out into a sample of 80 farmers in the village soil of Maijanguero in the rural district of Tchadoua, this study revealed several sources of land insecurity and various practical of securisation implemented by the peasants to protect their land capital. The results show also the difference of the legal formalization and the traditional practices of securisation. The rate of acquisition of the titles and land acts is very weak owing to the fact that the land commissions encounter difficulties which block the massive acquisition of the modern tools of securisation. However, a plurality practice of limited and durable impacts is observed; particularly, the biological fixing, the recourse to the coranic oath, the keeping of collective exploitation, etc.