The Latin American sub-continent has undeniably entered in a new political period in recent years, particularly since the death of Hugo Chávez in March 2013, when right-wing or extreme right-wing governments are multiplying (as in Brazil). Beyond the discussion on the “end of the cycle”, it is appropriate to make critical assessments of the so-called “progressive” and national-popular experiences in a context of crisis and conservative backlash, but also of reactivation of social and popular struggles.