Multilevel models have been conceived to analyse hierarchical structures in which individuals (e.g., students) are nested within higher level units (e.g., classrooms). Multilevel models allow one to analyse the effects of the environment on individuals’ behaviour. In this article, we focus on schooling environments and their effects on students’ achievement within the framework of teacher effectiveness and school effectiveness research. After reviewing the principles of multilevel modelling, this article presents — on the basis of empirical data — new applications of multilevel models. These new applications are particularly fruitful for evaluation in education. They involve modelling of growth curves and of random crossed effects.