A new bill on biodiversity was presented by the French Minister of ecology, Philippe Martin. Among the six titles of the bill, the fourth title dealing with the access and benefit sharing of genetic resources is a transposition in the French legal framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) and of the Nagoya Protocol completing the Convention and adopted in 2010. In our article, we analyze the content of the bill. We will show that it contents a lot of limits. The first limit is related to the proposed definitions and in particular the ones dealing with traditional knowledge and indigenous and local communities. We will see that the procedures for the access and use of genetic ressources are underdevelopped in the bill. Finally, we will see that the bill proposes an original and with potentially adverse effects interpretation of the sared jurisdictions between some French territories abroad and the French state.