There exists a culture of sociology, created in the period 1945-1970, and based on three simple axioms, derived respectively from Durkheim, Marx, and Weber. This culture has been subject in the last 25 years to six major challenges coming from within and without the cultural community: doubts about the concept of formal rationality; a civilizational challenge; the concept of multiple social times; the sciences of complexity and the end of certainties; gender as a structuring variable even in the sciences; and the view that modernity has never existed. Can sociology deal adequately with these challenges?