Communication and interpersonal relationships of adults with an autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of intervention programs
Over the last few years, many investigators have been examining the best intervention practices for achieving better social participation by autistic children. However, there is a paucity of articles documenting interventions to improve interpersonal relationships and the communication of adults presenting with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objectives of this study are: 1) to identify interventions aimed at improving the communication and interpersonal relationships of persons aged 16 to 40 years presenting with an ASD; and 2) to document the characteristics and efficacy of these interventions. A systematic review was conducted of the scientific literature. The interventions in the literature fall into three categories: group interventions, computerized interventions and interventions using an ecosystemic approach. Most programs seek to achieve social integration through a variety of strategies, such as improving problem-solving abilities, recognizing emotions, understanding inferences, etc. Despite their promise, these programs face some problems with respect to the transfer, maintenance and generalization of what has been learned. This article discusses the applicability and efficacy of these programs, as well as the role played by caregivers with adults presenting with ASD. There is not sufficient evidence to reach a conclusion on the efficacy of the interventions reviewed. Future research should examine how such programs are designed and assessed.