This paper deals with theoretical questions for future research on the perceptions of the relations between "Quebecers" and "Muslims" in Quebec, in light of the events surrounding the Bouchard-Taylor Commission. It first presents theoretical guidelines based on the approach of pluriscope identities. This is followed by contextual remarks about the nature of the links between secularism and religion in Quebec, which have influenced such perceptions. A working hypothesis is formulated: the diverse perceptions of Muslims by the non-Muslim French-Canadian majority in Quebec are the results of a reproduction of a pattern of relationships to otherness, which includes a broad range of attitudes, from tolerance and openness to intolerance and exclusion. What remains to be established is the relative importance of these discourses with respect to each other.