The province of New Brunswick is currently undergoing healthcare restructuring. One of the objectives of the reform is to optimize the utilization of both registered nurses and licensed practical nurses. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the concepts of role ambiguity and role conflict among nurses within the context of health care reforms. The conceptual framework chosen for this study is Role Theory. Ten interviews were held with nurses in a hospital setting prior to changes in their scope of practice. The findings indicated that registered nurses are experiencing role ambiguity. This is related to the transfer of nursing tasks from nurses to licensed practical nurses, the uncertainty over the ideal care delivery model and by an insufficient knowledge about their own role and that of licensed practical nurses. Role conflict was related to an excess of responsibilities, particularly related to basic care and management tasks as well as the necessity of working in nursing teams with licensed practical nurses.