In this paper, we examine how activists involved in local Francophone minority associations refer to the concepts of “cultural diversity” and immigration in their identity discourse. By comparing New Brunswick Acadians, Franco-Ontarians and French-speaking British Columbians, we are able to show similarities and differences with regard to the criteria used to define and to legitimize belonging to the local Francophone community. We analyse in particular the role of cultural diversity in the identity discourses which include both an ethnic and a civic dimension.