 The use of restraint, seclusion and time-out in residential care: identifying and predicting the profiles of children and youth 
Children and youth placed in residential treatment centers or in community group homes represent a very vulnerable population in which the use of restrictive measures, such as restraint, seclusion and time-out, is preoccupying. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of the use of restrictive measures as a mean of improving professional practices involving these children and youth. Methods : Administrative data on the use of restrictive measures among 324 children and youth (29 residential units, 10 centers/areas) were extracted. A latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of children and youth with distinct restrictive measure profiles. Logistic regressions were used to identify individual (age, sex, ethnicity, reason for services) and environmental (length of stay, unit type, specialized designation, type of services) predictors of the use of restrictive measures. Results : Almost half children and youth (48,1%) did not experience any restrictive measure over the 6-month period studied. Among those who did experience at least one measure, we found two latent profiles. Both individual and environmental factors predicted 1) having experienced at least one measure and 2) classification into distinct restrictive measure profiles. Conclusion : The current study led to the identification of individual and, to a greater extent, environmental risk factors associated with the use of restrictive measures in children and youth in residential care.