This study attempts to elaborate a methodological reflection on how to take into account the great importance of livestock rearing in Central African countries. The objective of the proposed method is to make accounting less sensitive to seasonal losses due to climatic fluctuations and, at the same time, to recognize the added value of livestock as an important source of income for poor populations. We realized that research had to be oriented towards the following focal points: estimating of the number of livestock and the accumulation of gross capital and variation of the stocks in the sector. We thus found out that the bases for this analysis had to rely on the conceptual plan as much as on the practical plan in order to make the economic aggregation completely comparable and to facilitate the coherence of the consistency of the forecasts. From a more general perspective, the political challenge is not only to create an auspicious institutional and macroeconomic setting permitting the taking into account of livestock in an appropriate manner, but also to ensure that the growth of the economy becomes more beneficial to the most disadvantaged groups.