Professional practices related to the sphere of influence of television and transmedia adaptations played a significant historical role in the cultural transfer of manga in France, Italy and Spain in the late 1970s. Diverted from their initial communication circuit in order to be reterritorialized in an unintended context, Japanese comic books underwent multiple transformations in order to correspond to local conventions. Local companies created cartoon adaptations of manga before importing Japanese works by modifying them according to the needs of their distribution networks. If fiction can circulate globally by being embodied in different media, the format remains a strongly contextualized element that is more difficult to deterritorialize: it materializes a history of creation and reception practices, distinct for each country.