The management of the marine biodiversity présents social and political challenges which needs highlights from human sciences. The marine protected areas, tool used by France, concern the West Indies, through the implementation of a Marine Naturel Park in Martinique, a french island of Caribean. How human dimensions – small scale fisheries – are taken into account in the design model of the Marine Park ? within a postcolonial context marked by the history, what are existing social relationships between decision making actors and fishermen which affect the conservation design like Marine Park ? How combine global interestsand local specificites ? The sociological study conducted in 2017 with sixty fishermen, enriched by an analysis of the relationships between concerned actors, allow, first of all, to identify the particular legacy report between the fishermen and the marine biodiversity, and, in second, to understand how and why global and technocratic management of the marine biodiversity is facing local sociocultural representations and is integrating into unequal relationships between central (or global) and periphery (or local).