Canadian Francophonie is alive and well. It is rooted in French Canada and is the result of the great changes that transformed it over the last half century. French Canada was as unified as English Canada. Francophonie canadienne is a complex group, distinctive because of its French identity, its modernity and its urbanity. It is a nuanced, inclusive ensemble of provincial, regional and local communities who acknowledge and express themselves as legitimate and whose legitimacy is recognized at the historico-geographic and sociopolitical levels as well as the constitutional and legal ones. Francophonie canadienne has changed throughout the decades; it is still changing and will continue to do so, influenced by current cultural trends. It is now made of a core of traditional (“de souche”) Francophones, with multiple layers around it made of official-language Francophones, Anglophones with French ancestry and sympathies. This constitutes its great richness.