The analysis of the dynamics of development belongs, for the most part, to the domain of economics and as a result, the spatial, social and environmental dimensions are often overshadowed by the study of economic growth. However, the interactions between the social and environmental components and their impacts on the territorial dynamics of local communities, over and above those of poverty and environmental degradation, constitute new areas for reflection. Regional studies (Aydalot, 1985; Friedman et Weaver, 1979; Stöhr, 1981) and geography (Desmarais et Richot, 2000; Mohan et Mohan, 2002) have long focused on an “endogenous” or “bottom up” territorial approach to development. The paradigm of viable territorial development (VTD), combined with a humanistic approach to sustainable development (SD), provides a relevant interpretive framework for a better understanding of the links between the social and environmental dimensions of development (Gagnon, 2002; Theys, 2002). The paradigm envisaged here is one of social change characterized by a renewed mode of governance, the search for alternative solutions and the introduction of social and cultural criteria into decision-making. The theoretical framework is also based on the notions of social capital (Putman, 2001; Portes, 1988) and the somewhat less theorized environmental capital (Costanza et al., 1997). In addition, using the concept of community networks as indicator of the presence of social capital in a community, we examine community initiative regarding sustainable development. Following upon empirical research carried out in four “micro regions” of Quebec (FQRSC, Concerted Action 2005-2006), this article attempts to shed new light on the factors which determine territorial development.