This article aims to explore some of the challenges faced by teaching staff when working in a context of diversity and inclusion and it proposes some perspectives for development. To do so, we conducted a literature review with a view to identifying themes, among others, around which research in inclusive education revolved, from the angle of ethnocultural diversity. These themes allowed the emergence of a categorization of three types of challenges in a context of ethnocultural diversity and inclusion: 1) challenges related to the initial and continuing training of teaching staff; 2) challenges related to the implementation of educational practices and resources; 3) challenges related to collaboration with families. A general overview of the concept of teaching serves as an introduction to the three parts.