Recent milestones and subsequent celebrations of the colonial history of the country, from the 150th anniversary of Canadian Confederation to Montreal 375th have also been used to affirm the immemorial presence of Indigenous Peoples on the same territory that dates back to over 10,000 years. It is a fitting context to reflect on the role that translation has played in the history of the nation, especially between people of European descent and Indigenous Peoples. The asymmetrical power relations that exist between colonial languages and Indigenous ones illustrate how translation has taken part in a form of ideological mediation that has historically tended toward colonization by way of attempts to eradicate the presence of Indigenous Peoples through processes of assimilation. How do the existence and survival of Indigenous languages help to reveal the function and the presuppositions (postulates) of translation in Canada? The following discussion reveals the ways in which some of these political and ideological tendencies have expressed themselves through the practice of translation. These tendencies exemplify how translation studies in Canada is founded on Western presuppositions that, regardless of their ubiquity and normalization, are deeply political constructions. These presuppositions, as categorized by Maria Tymoczko (2003), are deconstructed with examples rooted in the settler-colonial Canadian context and set the stage for considering different forms of decolonial translations that extend beyond the constraints of Western theory.