Like any market sector, the localization industry has had to accommodate the effects of delocalization. This article is an attempt to observe the reflections sent out by a specific industry (localization) which has passed through the prism of a major economic trend (delocalization): externalization, expatriation, internationalization, globalization... We first try to define precisely what is to be understood by the word localization, and then look at the manifold ways this profession has been changed though the incidence of its quasi-antonym. The critical analysis of these reflections helps to identify the challenges and trends which underpin this professional market and their influence on the professional translation market as a whole.