Despite its isolation, Anticosti Island has been the subject of several entomological inventories over the last 150 years. William Couper, a naturalist, was the first to inventory Anticosti in 1872. In 1904, Joseph Schmitt, a physician-naturalist, reported 161 species in Monographie de l’île d’Anticosti (golfe Saint-Laurent). In the 1970s, the work of Luc Jobin on the hemlock looper outbreak facilitated access to the island and naturalists or students inventoried Coleoptera, Odonata and Orthoptera. After the Earth Summit in 1992, the entomofauna of Anticosti Island was inventoried by the Canadian Forest Service, using different types of traps. During the same time period, two other inventories of Odonata were carried out by naturalists. Finally, in a master’s thesis, Pierre-Marc Brousseau reported several hundred species of insects of little studied orders. To date, 1541 species are listed. Trapping data provide standardized estimates and reliable time markers for measuring insect response to environmental changes. These data suggest that the decline of insects, reported elsewhere on the planet, is also observed on Anticosti. The island offers an ideal context to study the decline of insects and establish a biodiversity monitoring network.