Many may find it surprising that Brittany has a language policy. Isn’t France a monolingual country? What languages could be translated in this context? And, above all, for what purpose? What could the analysis of the situation in Brittany bring to our understanding of the language policy of the European Union, the organisation with the largest translation services in the world? In fact, this comparative analysis enables us to better understand the social role and value of professional translation, not only in the economic field, but also, and especially, in the realm of communication. This is because translation fosters a particular relationship with language, and oneself, through exchange and negotiation. Thus, professional translation is dominant, and even becomes the languague policy itself. It is its near absence in language policy literature that can be called into question.