Extensive research showed the appearance or the recrudescence of certain diseases related to water, in particular malaria and schistosomiases, following the modification of the sector by hydro-installations. A comparison of patient visits of two medical formations in the zone of the dam Bagré, one in the rice perimeters and the other outside, highlighted a clear opposition between the structure of the documentation of the diseases on the one hand, and the commitment of the population in the effort of prevention and care on the other hand. In addition, the evolution of the cases of malaria presented to the community clinic demands in-depth studies on the causes of a reduction in the recourse to care: the diversification of therapeutic routes, patient visits of other care facilities, the improvement of the immunity of the immediate residents will be assumptions to be given greater importance. While waiting, it is essential to consider health issues in hydro-agricultural installations.