enThe Caribou Antler Exploitation in the Yupiit pre-contact societies (Nunalleq site, GDN-248)
The caribou antler exploitation among the Yupiit during the pre-contact period was rather undocumented before the discovery of the Nunalleq site (southwestern Alaska) that benefitted from exceptional conditions of preservation. This very rich site yielded more than 3,400 osseous artefacts that are under study. The procurement and manufacturing strategies of the caribou antlers, the dominant raw material, are analyzed. The typological and technological study performed on more than a half of the collection (2009-2015 excavations) showed strong regularities in the ways the antlers were split and exploited, whatever the module and the type of antler (slaughtered versus shed antler). The small variations observed might reflect adaptations for dealing with morphological constraints and/or immediate functional needs. Despite the harder environmental conditions and intensified conflicts that occurred in the area during the Little Ice Age, Nunalleq inhabitants were highly resilient. The changes between the two main phases of occupation excavated stayed very subtle.