Despite their defended state property status, Tunisian mountains are affected by a rural people return phenomenon and a varied occupation and utilizing forms since the January 14 revolt (2011). This ended distancing relationships between people and mountains, but is-it restoring mountain heritage in concerned regions? Is-it boosting local development ? Or is-it generating new environmental ravages and new conflicts ? The Goubrar mountain example (middle-west Tunisia) allows for understanding agrarian structures and land use forms change since the end of XIXth century. It enables particularly to understand the current “return to the mountain” and the stakeholders strategies and social representations about local and sustainable development in such a poor and marginalized regions.