To understand the authoritarian turn of neoliberalism in Brazil during the Bolsonaro government, the article examines how neoliberal reforms are composed with a historically situated political rationality: the military logic of war on the internal enemy. The article first lists the neoliberal reform projects proposed by Economy Minister Paulo Guedes during the first three months of his administration. Second, it maps the participation of the military in the Bolsonaro government and analyzes the emergence of the military logic of war on the internal enemy during the Military Dictatorship (1964-1985), its metamorphosis in war on drugs throughout the New Republic and its updating through “pacification” operations. Finally, the article shows how neoliberal and military rationalities are composed in the Brazilian authoritarian turn, creating, on one side, mutual reinforcement, and, on the other, blockades that put Brazilian democracy in check.