This article considers the question of transculturalism in contemporary German-language literature called “literature of migration.” Although its importance has increased in all German-speaking countries, the focus here is on Germany. The article gives an overview of the different groups of migrants who arrived in Germany after the Second World War: Central and Eastern European populations expelled from their countries of residence between 1944 and 1950, Gastarbeiters who came on temporary employment contracts between 1950 and 1970, political refugees during the Cold War and economic migrants after the collapse of the Soviet bloc, as well as some representatives of individual and freely chosen mobility in the more recent past. Each of these waves produced writers who wrote all or part of their work in German, often influenced by other languages with which they had been in contact. These texts testify to a situation between languages experienced very differently according to the authors. Rafik Shami and Feridun Zaimoğlu, but also Herta Müller, Terézia Mora, Sharon Dodua Otoo, and Yoko Tawada serve as examples. While this literature is widely known and studied today in German-speaking countries and in post-secondary departments of German Studies, the present article questions the way in which it is promoted by German cultural policy, the book market, and historians of literature.