Diversity of Forms of Internationalization and of Their Determinants: An Empirical Analysis on Three Middle East Countries
On the basis of a broad definition of firms’ internationalization, this paper provides an empirical analysis of this question using a two-stage model: estimates the determinants of international commitment and the factors explaining the diversity of internationalization. The empirical analysis relies on firms’ individual data covering three countries. We show that the probability of being internationalized and the number of modalities of internationalization depends on a combination of factors such as firms’ characteristics, access to finance and institutional framework. Heterogeneity tests shows that the determinants of internationalization as well as the number of internationalization depend on firms’ size and sectors.