Phytoremediation counts among the innovating methods of depollution increasingly used on grounds in complex conditions of environment and according to the nature of the pollutants to be treated. Phytoremediation belongs to the family of the treatments known as biological, applied on polluted ground. Their use went up in the middle of the Eighties, but their generalization occurred only in the Nineties. Initially in full expansion in North America (USA and Canada), phytoremediation was only ten years ago very slightly employed in France and Europe. From now, it is experiencing a remarkable dash in France and in the rest of Europe. That is probably because phytoremediation offers a real alternative, from financial as well as ecological and landscaping point of view for the rehabilitation of contaminated grounds, in front of traditional techniques of depollution such as excavation, landfarming or incineration. Even if American and Canadian experiments are very advanced in this field, one notes in France a team work which implies public as well as private actors. From universities to the research centers, including Research Development within some companies, French research on bio-depollution augurs well. Examples like the experimental farm of Auby or the Total company site of Vendin-Le-Vieil in the region of Pas-de-Calais and Gabon in central Africa testify. Even if this technique presents limits particularly at the levels of the treatments duration and contaminated residues (ashes) revalorization, it remains nevertheless cheaper and reliable. It also fits in durability, insofar as the reconversion of a polluted site into park generates on one hand a green landscape and on the other hand a natural system of grounds depollution.