The vision expressed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) about culture and education (1990, 2005, 2008) shows the importance of an issue experienced in several regions of Quebec and Canada, characterized by devitalization and challenge in literacy and cultural development (Duxbury & Jeannotte, 2011; Nicholls, 2005; Statistics Canada, 2016a, 2016b). This issue is linked to the survival of these small communities. We present the case of research based on the analysis of local needs and which highlights the role that literacy and culture can play in the development of individuals and communities (Desrosiers et al., 2015). To do this, we selected a rural area considered to be devitalized (Institut de la statistique du Québec, 2021a, 2021b). Quantitative data, for example statistics, were brought to light and led to the identification of indicators from different sectors (education, culture, economy, health). In addition, we analyzed qualitative data from interviews with stakeholders in the target environment. The pooling of multisectoral indicators and interview results allowed us to suggest avenues for reflections and actions in order to better understand the phenomenon of literacy in devitalized rural areas.