Indian wetlands have witnessed dramatic socio-environmental transformations whose drivers unfold at multiple scales. Changes in the structure of governance of natural resources are needed. Past and current approaches are based on the assumption that a commonly defined level at which management would be optimal do exist be it the local, the regional, or the national, etc. But, the relationships that societies nurture with their environment unfold at multiple and sometimes overlapping levels: true polycentric governance is based on the recognition that multiple claims and values are a reality of natural resources management: nested arenas of negotiation are needed to create a democratic space where multiple voices can be considered in the decision-making process.