Resilience corresponds to positive psychophysiological outcomes while living in a stressful environment. The 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC 10) allows a reliable and rapid estimation of resilience. As French version is still lacking, our objectives were to produce a French version, to analyze the psychometric properties and to measure scale invariance in different samples. The project involved health students enrolled at Nantes University. The dataset was composed by 1347 responses originating from first-year students, from dental and medical students, and from family medicine residents. Analyses revealed a replicable unidimensional structure. The indicators of internal consistency and time-related stability reached acceptance thresholds. Convergent validity was found acceptable only in the sample of family medicine residents. Scale invariance across gender and curriculum was satisfied at the weak/metric level. Strong/scalar invariance across gender was only observed for first-year students and for family medicine residents. Partial scale invariance across gender was proposed for medical and dental students. These results indicate that the French version of the CD-RISC 10 scale can be used to assess French health students resilience. However, invariance measurement remains essential in order to validate comparative analyses.