To what type of autonomy can the Francophone minority communities (FMCs) aspire? This text attempts to answer to the question. After explaining our approach, which does not intend to define the right of the FMCs to autonomy, we rely on some observations that were made in previous works to present the current conditions, particularly in terms of the relationship between community organizations and the federal government, in which could take form any autonomy project by and for the FMCs. It is from such analysis that we are proposing a path that could increase the autonomy of these communities, while regenerating the mobilization of the Francophone population.