Representations of XIX th century lanscape of Charlevoix are linked to the norms dictated by European, and particularly British norms of landscape painting. This aesthetic movement and the ideology behind it interpreted the signs of landscape in relation to its agriculturist and anti-urban orientation from 1840 onwards. Charlevoix's landscape was integrated to the national ideology of the expanding Canada in the second half of the century by Toronto's artists seeking for the original rural landscapes of Canada. Charlevoix was seen as an authentic rural landscape of French Canada, who preserved its natural beauty and still reflected the traditionnal way of life of its inhabitants. Those pictorial representations, linked to conservative ideologies, did not reflect the territorial reality of a landscape in rapid change during the period 1831 to 1871, due to the effects of the new urban industrial economy.