Educational programs on this vital topic consist of processes of scientific literacy based on information about the findings of climate science, without considering the respective social experience or a series of social and cultural processes intervening in building a social representation of this phenomenon. That is essential for focusing properly on the challenges for education and communication. The main “barrier” to the necessary social change is the complex structural nature of the phenomenon, in which there are obstacles of a moral, socio-political, cultural, socio-cognitive and psycho-social nature. These are conditioning the social representations and hindering the adoption of significant changes in lifestyles, both individual and collective, related to human activities that imbalance climate. Three types of obstacles are analysed and proposals are posited to overcome them.