The conflict waged in 1947, through letters and exhibitions, between the surrealist group of Bucharest and the Belgian surrealist painter, René Magritte on the one hand, and, on the other, Magritte and André Breton, the leading figure of the French surrealist group, is being considered here as typical of the multiplicity of tensions that traversed the international surrealist movement. In the aftermath of the second world war, this conflict bears witness, through the confrontation of divergent sensibilities and strong rhetoric, to one of the most nevralgic moments of European history. By reconstituting this episode from the position of the little-known Bucharest group, the article introduces it to the readers.