The reading of Article 37 of the Convention on the rights of the child is to suggest that the child is protected against torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment and is free from condemnation to death and life imprisonment without possibility of release (Art. 37a), it may be illegal deprivation of liberty and that this deprivation can only intervene as a last resort and briefly (art. 37. b), in case deprivation of liberty, it must be treated with dignity and separated from adults (art. 37.c) and finally, it must have legal assistance and the guarantee of a fair and expeditious trial (art. 37. d). These principles meet the rules set by the United Nations: The Beijing Rules on Juvenile Justice (1985), Ryad Principles on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (1990), The Havana Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their freedoms (1990), Tokyo Rules on non-custodial measures (1990). By asking the exceptionality of the principles of the deprivation of liberty, separation of children and adults, speed of treatment, legal assistance and participation of children in conflict with the law, article 37 of the Convention on the rights of the child and all UN body of rules and principles in this area provide a framework for implementing the rights of the child deprived of liberty compatible with an approach to children’s rights. However, increasingly, to curb juvenile delinquency, there is a call for tougher rules on the treatment of children in conflict with the law on the part of States and, despite a constant plea for alternative measures deprivation of liberty of children from NGOs and UN committees. In this study, making use of an approach based on children’s rights and resorting to legal measures, to state practice and jurisprudence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, we propose to analyze the content of Article 37 of the Convention on the rights of the child in connection with the Rules and Principles of the United Nations relating to it, to assess the practice of States and explore alternative measures to deprivation of freedom of children in conflict with the law.