Hydrogeological conceptual model of the Settat aquifer (Morocco): hydrogeochemical study
The Settat region has seen significant population growth and major economic development through the establishment of an industrial area over the past two decades. In addition, this region is known for its agriculture which consists mostly of cereal crops (granary of Morocco). This growth has been accompanied by increased rates of urban and industrial liquid effluents discharged directly in the Boumoussa River which is considered an open sewer and which has led to a deterioration in the quality of this river waters. This situation has had an impact on the hydrodynamic behaviour and groundwater quality of the Settat aquifer. To contribute to alleviate this problem, a multidisciplinary study was conducted using physicochemical analyses and analyses of stable isotopes of water. The previous studies and new analyses reveal a chemical pollution of groundwater by surface flow of the Boumoussa River. The results show a phenomenon of groundwater evaporation, as well as the presence of irrigation return flow which mixes with the Boumoussa River to feed the aquifer. Based on these results, a conceptual model of water flow in the Settat aquifer, based on physicochemical and isotopic data, is proposed to help develop a more sustainable management of water resources.