In Rice v. Cayetano, rendered in February 2000, the Supreme Court of the United States decided that reserving the right to vote to “Hawaiians” (i.e., all persons who are descendants of people inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands in 1778) and “Native Hawaiians” (i.e., those of at least fifty percent Hawaiian ancestry) for the election of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs trustees was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court decided that this measure was contrary to the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America (USA). This provision declares that the “right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the USA or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”. In their text, the authors intend to discuss the Rice decision and its impact on the right of Indigenous peoples to self-determination in Hawaiʻi and, in other Pacific islands under American control, such as Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. For instance, in 2016 and 2017, two Commonwealth Northern Mariana Islands and Guam laws, respectively reserving the right to vote to those of “Northern Marianas descent” and to “Native inhabitants of Guam”, were declared unconstitutional by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and by the District Court of Guam (appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court rejected), following, in both cases, the Rice decision. In Hawaiʻi, in Guam and in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the capacity of Indigenous peoples to self-determine is intrinsically linked to their capacity to self-identity.