From 1850 to 1914, many regional monographs were written in Québec, thus establishing a geographic genre characterized by an applied approach and bearing a nationalist perspective. Following this period, Québec geography evolved towards an academic form with Emile Miller and, then, with the works of Raoul Blanchard. This article discusses aspects of this genre : the typical plan, data and informations used, methods and concepts. Specifically, the concept of region is debated because it is in opposition with the Vidal regional paradigm. The colonization monograph was part of colonial geography, but the effort to establish the legitimacy of this claim is inconclusive. Those works preluded the attempt of a scientific legitimation of colonial geography. Can one nonetheless talk of a Québec school of geography?