Native Peoples who live in the Province of Québec, Canada, are claiming for the recognition of their fundamental rights within the international movement towards the respect of native peoples as it has been developed during the last 20 years in the United Nations Organization. This article examines that fundamental issue by looking at the efforts made in that matter by the various nations who live in Québec. The conditions for their survival are presented as they were defined at the Earth Summit in Brazil in June 1992.