Could it be possible that advanced human civilizations have waxed and waned many times since the first true human species existed on the planet?
There is no archaeological evidence that advanced human civilizations have waxed and waned many times during prehistory. However, according to the Silurian Hypothesis, a thought experiment published by astrophysicists Adam Frank and Gavin Schmidt in 2018, if an advanced civilization had existed millions of years ago, it is unlikely that direct archaeological evidence of such a civilization would still exist today.

While the Silurian Hypothesis is unproven, this suggests that it might be possible that advanced civilizations could have existed in the distant past. Still, without evidence, any discussion of prehistoric advanced civilizations is purely conjecture.