mofs used here were prepared according to previously reported methods . in the case of 20% dpa incorporation in mof , after 468 mg of dpa was dissolved in 1 ml of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol , mof , 2.34 g , was added and then the solvent was extracted by rotary vacuum .
the resulting solid dpa - mof compound was further dried under the vacuum for 8 hours . for the 10% and 30 % dpa incorporation ,
234 mg and 702 mg of dpa was dissolved in the same volume of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol , respectively , and then they were mixed with 2.34 g of mof .
the solvent was extracted by the same manner as descried above . for each experiment , a granular agglomerate of dpa - loaded mof , neat dpa , or neat mof with ca .
1 mm diameter was added on aqueous solution in 16 ml ( or 200 l ) of 1 mm edta in naoh ( 2 mm ) in a transparent plastic petri dish ( 50 mm diameter and 7 mm depth or 8 mm diameter and 4 mm depth ) .
the lateral motion on the liquid surface was monitored under irradiation of a halogen lamp from the bottom side through a light diffusing plate of a light microscope .
the resulting movies were recorded as top - view video files at a frame rate of 24.39 frames per second .
these sequential images are binarized to extract the particle motions , whose velocity change was analyzed by the image processing software , imagej , and its plugin , mtrack2 ( http://valelab.ucsf.edu/~nico/ijplugins/mtrack2.html ) . for transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) , samples on the aqueous solution were directly transferred to a carbon - coated copper grid by dipping them at the interface .
after the grid was washed by pure water , whose resistivity is 18.2 mcm , these samples were dried at room temperature .
the samples were characterized by tem ( jeol - jem 2100 ) with an acceleration voltage of 200 kv .
x - ray powder diffraction ( xrpd ) data were collected on a rigaku rint 2000 ultima diffractometer with cu k radiation .
the adsorption isotherms of n2 at 77k were measured with a belsorp - mini volumetric adsorption instrument using n2 gas of high purity ( 99.9999% ) .
brewster angle micrographs ( bam ) were taken with accurion i - elli2000 imaging ellipsometer .
mofs used here were prepared according to previously reported methods . in the case of 20% dpa incorporation in mof , after 468 mg of dpa was dissolved in 1 ml of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol , mof , 2.34 g , was added and then the solvent was extracted by rotary vacuum .
the resulting solid dpa - mof compound was further dried under the vacuum for 8 hours . for the 10% and 30 % dpa incorporation ,
234 mg and 702 mg of dpa was dissolved in the same volume of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol , respectively , and then they were mixed with 2.34 g of mof .
for each experiment , a granular agglomerate of dpa - loaded mof , neat dpa , or neat mof with ca . 1 mm diameter was added on aqueous solution in 16 ml ( or 200 l ) of 1 mm edta in naoh ( 2 mm ) in a transparent plastic petri dish ( 50 mm diameter and 7 mm depth or 8 mm diameter and 4 mm depth ) .
the lateral motion on the liquid surface was monitored under irradiation of a halogen lamp from the bottom side through a light diffusing plate of a light microscope .
the resulting movies were recorded as top - view video files at a frame rate of 24.39 frames per second .
these sequential images are binarized to extract the particle motions , whose velocity change was analyzed by the image processing software , imagej , and its plugin , mtrack2 ( http://valelab.ucsf.edu/~nico/ijplugins/mtrack2.html ) .
for transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) , samples on the aqueous solution were directly transferred to a carbon - coated copper grid by dipping them at the interface .
after the grid was washed by pure water , whose resistivity is 18.2 mcm , these samples were dried at room temperature .
the samples were characterized by tem ( jeol - jem 2100 ) with an acceleration voltage of 200 kv .
x - ray powder diffraction ( xrpd ) data were collected on a rigaku rint 2000 ultima diffractometer with cu k radiation .
the adsorption isotherms of n2 at 77k were measured with a belsorp - mini volumetric adsorption instrument using n2 gas of high purity ( 99.9999% ) .
brewster angle micrographs ( bam ) were taken with accurion i - elli2000 imaging ellipsometer .
 there have developed a variety of microsystems that harness energy and convert it to mechanical motion . 
 here we developed new autonomous biochemical motors by integrating metal - organic framework ( mof ) and self - assembling peptides . 
 mof is applied as an energy - storing cell that assembles peptides inside nanoscale pores of the coordination framework . 
 the robust assembling nature of peptides enables reconfiguring their assemblies at the water - mof interface , which is converted to fuel energy . 
 re - organization of hydrophobic peptides could create the large surface tension gradient around the mof and it efficiently powers the translation motion of mof . as a comparison , 
 the velocity of normalized by volume for the dpa - mof particle is faster and the kinetic energy per the unit mass of fuel is more than twice as large as the one for previous gel motor systems . 
 this demonstration opens the new application of mof and reconfigurable molecular self - assembly and it may evolve into the smart autonomous motor that mimic bacteria to swim and harvest target chemicals by integrating recognition units . 
Methods
Synthesis of MOFs and incorporation of DPA in the MOFs
Analysis of motion of hybrid DPA-MOF
Instrumentation
Supplementary Material