la funcin y rendimiento humano ptimos a travs de estrategias dietticas son crticos para todo el mundo , pero en especial para aquellos que practican el atletismo universitario o profesional .
en la actualidad , la medicina individualizada ( mi ) est emergiendo con un enfoque ms eficaz para la salud , que hace hincapi en las estrategias dietticas personalizadas para el pblico en general y es una prctica frecuente entre los atletas de lite .
se trata de un mtodo que apunta a los alimentos especficos para cada paciente en la dieta y , al mismo tiempo , influye en el rendimiento fsico .
este se puede obtener mediante la prueba de la igg para la sensibilidad a los alimentos con candida albicans a partir de gotas de sangre seca ( dbs , por sus siglas en ingls ) .
para este estudio , se reclut a veintitrs participantes : 15 mujeres y 8 hombres , de equipos atlticos de ftbol / voleibol y ftbol americano respectivamente , con un promedio de edad de 19,64 + 0,86 aos .
el estudio examin los tiempos antes y despus de las carreras de 300 metros y las respuestas a los cuestionarios tras una dieta de eliminacin de alimentos mediante la prueba dbs de la igg de 14 das , basada en la reactividad de la igg a 93 alimentos .
la recogida de muestras dbs , los tiempos de la carrera de 300 metros y los cuestionarios de valoracin de las dificultades de aprendizaje ( lda , por sus siglas en ingls ) se obtuvieron en el departamento de atletismo de la universidad de los participantes en el campus .
los anlisis de igg , c albicans , y s cerevisiae se realizaron en great plains laboratory , lenexa , kansas .
los datos indicaron un cambio en el tiempo de la carrera de 300 metros pero que no era estadsticamente significativo ( tiempo medio inicial de la carrera = 50,41 s , tiempo de la carrera tras la participacin = 50,14 s ) .
las estadsticas descriptivas para la frecuencia de las respuestas y el anlisis de chi cuadrado revelaron que 4 de los 23 elementos seleccionados del cuestionario lda ( subescala escuchamemoria y concentracin , r = 0,8669 ; subescala procesado escucha - informacin , r = 0,8517 ; y subescala general de concentracin y subescala de memoria , r = 0,9019 ) mejoraron tras la prueba .
los resultados del estudio no indicaron utilidad alguna en cuanto a eliminar las comidas , basndose en la reactividad a la igg a la hora de afectar el rendimiento atltico ( menor tiempo de carrera de 300 metros ) .
s revelaron una capacidad potencial que influye en las capacidades acadmicas , como la de escuchar , procesar informacin , la concentracin y la memoria .
se necesitan otros estudios para evaluar las dietas de eliminacin de alimentos dirigidas por la igg para mejorar el tiempo de la carrera , la concentracin y la memoria entre atletas universitarios as como en otras poblaciones .
chronic subacute inflammation is linked to an increasing number of illnesses and health detriments . contributing factors for the etiology of inflammation and its pathologic sequelae are ubiquitous .
environmental toxins , such as industrial chemicals in air , food , water , clothing , home and building materials , crowded living conditions , excessive noise and electromagnetic stress , and mold , are representative .
studies are examining the concept of food sensitivity and the underlying mechanisms by which the inflammatory response is elicited in health and disease states . among the plethora of diet plans available to the public , few if any provide an individualized , quantitative analysis of food sensitivity to guide food selection based on immunoglobulin g ( igg ) reaction .
currently , there is media attention to gluten - free ( gf ) diets , personalized online support  type diets ( dukan ) , and group support  type diets such as weight watchers , dietary approaches to stop hypertension ( dash ) , therapeutic lifestyle changes ( tlc ) , the mayo clinic diet , and the mediterranean diet , to name a few .
these are gauged on their ability to promote weight loss and prevent diabetes and heart disease and the degree of  balance  they offer as determined by a team of experts .
although it may be inferred that weight loss alone will result in improved physical performance , possibly due to joint relief , flexibility , or self - confidence changes , none of the 2014 top - ranked us diets was recognized for attributes of improving physical performance or cognitive abilities by removing igg - reactive foods from the diet for any period of time . a case in point regarding gf diets
is novac djokovic , number one  ranked singles tennis player , who had the greatest singles tennis season after winning three grand slams and remaining undefeated for 43 consecutive matches .
less than a year before his successful season , djokovic had struggled to complete a full tournament .
as his career progressed , he was overcome with fitness crises , sometimes vomiting violently during a match and experiencing the sudden onset of extreme sluggishness and fatigue .
an investigation led to the discovery of his strong intolerance to wheat and slight intolerance to tomatoes .
his change to a gf diet transformed his health , training , and professional tennis ranking .
research in the area of the human gut microbiome is revealing a link between the central nervous system ( cns ) , the stress response , mood , cognition , pain , and obesity .
although the routes of communication between these entities have not been fully elucidated , they involve the neural , humoral , immune , and metabolic pathways .
microbe - based therapeutics are discovering an endocrine attribute of the commensal microbiome and using this pathway to explain appetite and satiety , learning and memory , pathogenesis interruption , brain function , and behavior .
a laboratory in california is treating autism - speech brain centers in mice with bacillus fragilis and achieving favorable results .
the great plains laboratory , inc ( gpl , lenexa , kansas ) provides testing procedures also looking at the microbiome , metabolic pathways , nutritional status , and allergy testing of human systems via tissue samples primarily of blood and urine .
the igg food allergy test from gpl identifies sensitivities to 93 foods , including foods commonly eaten as well as several foods that are used as substitutes for common hypersensitivity trigger foods .
this test also detects igg antibodies to candida ( c albicans and s cerevisiae ) , common yeast species .
candida overgrowth in the gut may contribute to food allergies and sensitivities by allowing absorption of partially digested proteins ( peptides ) .
tissue invasion may be another way of expressing peptides passing into the bloodstream , and since these partial proteins are not recognized as normal in the bloodstream , the body mounts an immune response against them .
when individuals have food intolerances , adequate metabolism is impaired , resulting in partially digested substances , particularly proteins , entering the system .
the body 's reaction to these partially digested substances is similar to any  foreign invader  and initiates the inflammatory response cascade .
inflammation in the small intestine disrupts digestive regulation and can lead to fatigue , poor concentration , and other debilitating conditions .
individuals have the potential to increase their perceived energy , concentration , and feelings of optimism or mood by eliminating the foods that are inflammatory triggers to their digestive process . when evaluating sera / plasma for food sensitivity , there is some debate on the usefulness of igg vs other members of the immunoglobulin family .
volppi and maccari found that the enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) test for igg antibody was a useful indicator for adverse reactions to food and food hypersensitivity .
the position statement by the canadian society of allergy and clinical immunology is concerned about the positive igg test results that occur in healthy adults and children considering that unnecessary food elimination , decreased quality of life , and expense will be incurred in these individuals based on the inappropriate use of igg test results .
it is known that food - specific iggs are present in healthy and in symptomatic adults eating certain foods on a regular basis .
the use of igg antibody reaction to certain foods testing , while under debate , is gaining more favorable results and being reported in the literature .
one such corporation conducting igg antibody to food antigen response is gpl . in 2013 ,
gpl processed 9878 food allergy tests in the united states and 4503 tests among 37 other countries .
gpl , a research - based clinical laboratory offering testing for nutritional factors in chronic illness worldwide , is currently serving health professionals in more than 100 countries .
founded in 1996 , gpl has tested more than 200 000 patients with diverse conditions with the goal of facilitating maximum human potential through quality laboratory testing .
this research was conducted in cooperation with and with support from gpl and the university of central missouri ( ucm ) due in part to this rich history , humanitarian philosophy , and technical ability , characteristics that are not typical of other laboratories . considering these issues ,
this study used igg antibody reaction to 93 food antigens plus yeast ( c albicans and s cerevisiae ) from dbs specimens to design an individualized food elimination diet for college athletes .
the participants were also tested for their speed on a 300-meter run and on their views about their learning as gauged by responses on the learning difficulties assessment ( lda ) questionnaire at baseline and after the 14-day food elimination trial to determine if run time and cognition were improved .
the current pilot study was approved by the ucm institutional review board in march 2014 .
all interventions were conducted on campus property while the dbs specimens were mailed to gpl for igg analysis using its robotic system for food sensitivity evaluation .
the university 's assistant athletic director was contacted to determine the feasibility of the study .
collaboration between the athletic department and the researchers yielded 3 athletic teams willing to support the research .
eleven soccer players , 4 volleyball players , and 8 football players were invited and consented to participate in the pilot study , with 17 of 23 completing the study baseline ( pretest ) , dbs , intervention ( 14-day food elimination diet ) , and posttest measures .
the inclusion criteria for this study were as follows : ( 1 ) must be aged 18 years or older , ( 2 ) must be a member of a collegiate athletic team , and ( 3 ) must be able to run 300 meters .
participants were recruited by their respective coaches and encouraged to participate at their own discretion .
scheduling for obtaining informed consent documents , baseline 300-meter run time , dbs specimens and lda responses was coordinated by the university 's assistant athletic director and the investigators in this study .
participants were informed of the required consultation with the registered dietitian to discuss igg food sensitivity reports prior to beginning the 14-day food elimination diet .
after print and electronic igg food sensitivity reports were received by the investigators in the study , participants were scheduled to engage in a 20-minute diet consultation to guide food choices while on the 14-day food elimination diet . a sample igg food sensitivity with candida report
, sample food diary forms and participants ' food selected during the 14-day food elimination trial , and the lda are displayed in appendices a - c .
participants were asked to avoid completely all moderate and highly reactive foods and to be aware of and restrict as much as possible those that were ranked low reactive foods for the trial period .
after the 2-week food elimination period , participants were asked to meet in the same place where the initial data collection occurred to repeat the 300-meter run and the lda survey .
there was no surveillance of participants ' adherence to the food elimination process , nor was any baseline question asked about other factors that could contribute to elevated candida findings with dbs examination ( eg , oral contraceptives , antibiotics , anti - inflammatory agents , anticancer medications .
 participants were not provided with any food by the researchers during the 2-week food - elimination period .
ad hoc surveys were sent electronically to all study participants approximately 4 months after the study to determine if participants continued to engage in the diet changes suggested by the igg antibody test results .
other follow - up questions were asked about continued feelings of improved athletic ability , improved concentration , ease of following the diet , and whether or not participants were under a physician 's care for prescribed medications .
the igg food allergy test measures the relative presence of igg antibodies to specific food proteins .
the serum is introduced to protein extracts from each of the different foods . if food - specific binding occurs between the antigen proteins and the participant 's igg serum antibodies , a symptomatic reaction to that food is possible .
igg antibodies to candida may be due to past infections and thus do not indicate a current infection ; however , candida antibodies may trigger autoimmune disease .
. a wide range of disorders have been linked to candida , including depression , chronic fatigue , thyroid disorders , autism , and multiple sclerosis .
use of antibiotics , oral contraceptives , chemotherapy , and anti - inflammatory steroids greatly increase susceptibility to candida .
this semi - quantitative report reveals sensitivities in a low , moderate , or high range of reactivity .
subjects were asked to eliminate any moderate or high reactive foods and to restrict those in the low reactivity area for the 14-day food elimination trial .
the current pilot study was approved by the ucm institutional review board in march 2014 .
all interventions were conducted on campus property while the dbs specimens were mailed to gpl for igg analysis using its robotic system for food sensitivity evaluation .
the university 's assistant athletic director was contacted to determine the feasibility of the study .
collaboration between the athletic department and the researchers yielded 3 athletic teams willing to support the research .
eleven soccer players , 4 volleyball players , and 8 football players were invited and consented to participate in the pilot study , with 17 of 23 completing the study baseline ( pretest ) , dbs , intervention ( 14-day food elimination diet ) , and posttest measures .
the inclusion criteria for this study were as follows : ( 1 ) must be aged 18 years or older , ( 2 ) must be a member of a collegiate athletic team , and ( 3 ) must be able to run 300 meters .
participants were recruited by their respective coaches and encouraged to participate at their own discretion .
scheduling for obtaining informed consent documents , baseline 300-meter run time , dbs specimens and lda responses was coordinated by the university 's assistant athletic director and the investigators in this study .
participants were informed of the required consultation with the registered dietitian to discuss igg food sensitivity reports prior to beginning the 14-day food elimination diet .
after print and electronic igg food sensitivity reports were received by the investigators in the study , participants were scheduled to engage in a 20-minute diet consultation to guide food choices while on the 14-day food elimination diet . a sample igg food sensitivity with candida report
, sample food diary forms and participants ' food selected during the 14-day food elimination trial , and the lda are displayed in appendices a - c .
participants were asked to avoid completely all moderate and highly reactive foods and to be aware of and restrict as much as possible those that were ranked low reactive foods for the trial period .
after the 2-week food elimination period , participants were asked to meet in the same place where the initial data collection occurred to repeat the 300-meter run and the lda survey .
there was no surveillance of participants ' adherence to the food elimination process , nor was any baseline question asked about other factors that could contribute to elevated candida findings with dbs examination ( eg , oral contraceptives , antibiotics , anti - inflammatory agents , anticancer medications .
 participants were not provided with any food by the researchers during the 2-week food - elimination period .
ad hoc surveys were sent electronically to all study participants approximately 4 months after the study to determine if participants continued to engage in the diet changes suggested by the igg antibody test results .
other follow - up questions were asked about continued feelings of improved athletic ability , improved concentration , ease of following the diet , and whether or not participants were under a physician 's care for prescribed medications .
the igg food allergy test measures the relative presence of igg antibodies to specific food proteins .
the serum is introduced to protein extracts from each of the different foods . if food - specific binding occurs between the antigen proteins and the participant 's igg serum antibodies , a symptomatic reaction to that food is possible .
igg antibodies to candida may be due to past infections and thus do not indicate a current infection ; however , candida antibodies may trigger autoimmune disease .
. a wide range of disorders have been linked to candida , including depression , chronic fatigue , thyroid disorders , autism , and multiple sclerosis .
use of antibiotics , oral contraceptives , chemotherapy , and anti - inflammatory steroids greatly increase susceptibility to candida .
this semi - quantitative report reveals sensitivities in a low , moderate , or high range of reactivity .
subjects were asked to eliminate any moderate or high reactive foods and to restrict those in the low reactivity area for the 14-day food elimination trial .
data were analyzed using spss v 19 ( ibm corp , armonk , new york ) using a paired samples t - test for run time and chi - square assessment for baseline and post - intervention differences on scored survey items .
table 1 displays mean and standard deviation values for age , run time , and survey data .
of the 23 athletes who began the study , 17 ( 11 females , 6 males ) completed all required elements .
those who did not complete the study indicated sport injury or family emergencies as the reason .
table 2 provides individual baseline and post - intervention run times as well as the specific foods and ranking of reactivity based on the nominal scale of not significant - ns , low - l , moderate - m , or high - h , according to the igg , candida , and saccharomyces analysis as well as a few randomly selected comments from study participants .
paired samples t - test did not reveal a significant difference pre - posttest ( t=0.29 , df=16 , p=.77 ) .
chi - square values shown in tables 1 and 3 and the figure indicate 4 items with significant difference between participants posttest , although this does not establish a causal relationship with the intervention used in this study .
the 4 items identified were i hear what someone says ; i just do not remember what was said .
mean and standard deviation from the learning difficulties assessment the higher the value , the less likely there is a learning difficulties issue .
immunoglobulin g , run time baseline and post intervention , and sample comments ( n=17 ) frequency of learning difficulties assessment items ( n=17 , p<.05 ) histogram display and frequency scores from learning difficulties assessment ( n=17 ) .
possible explanations for why the changes in run time posttest did not achieve statistical significance may be the lack of supervision of participants ' food intake , inadequate support for participants to consume a variety of acceptable foods , lack of motivation / incentive to repeat the 300-meter run ( study participants were not compensated ) , and all members of the sample not completing the requirements of the study . additionally , running 300 meters was not a major component of all sports the participants played ; subsequent investigations should include other strength or physical measures to evaluate changes .
volunteered comments received from some of the participants indicated that they felt there was merit in the premise of the study and it may have affected their perception of improved health and academic prowess , while others stated that they expected to see greater improvements and that being mindful of reading food labels and more particular about what foods were eaten was difficult .
this study used igg for food sensitivity testing , not the typical ige for food allergy confirmation .
igg food sensitivity is emerging but may not be considered established in the literature at this time . as there is ongoing research into the validity of igg antibody testing to indicate functional reactivity ,
contemporary investigations are concluding that igg antibody / antigen complex is a highly sensitive indicator of the immune response and that its presence marks the initiation of the complement system .
the complement system , being responsible for the enzymatic cascade and proliferative inflammatory response , responds to the igg antigen - antibody moiety .
work by meulenbroek et al supports a relationship of igg in allergen - ige complexes , resulting in binding to b cells via complement receptor 2 ( cr2 ) as well as to cluster designation 23 cells ( cd23 ) and precipitation of the allergic response .
lines of research providing the framework for this study include those addressing individualized medicine , the human microbiome project , igg food - sensitivity impacting the immune response and the prelude to gut inflammation , as well as food sensitivity from the diet influencing athletic performance .
as recently as 2012 , there was research published on the link between gut microbiota and exertional heat stroke .
the annual meeting of the american college of sports medicine ( acsm ) organization also contained information about the human microbiome .
the acsm article shared that bacterial biomarkers are being used for identifying disease risk , overtraining , fatigue status , and predisposition to heat illness . the current study aimed to investigate improved athletic and academic ( concentration ) performance , which could be inferred from the foregoing by diminishing overtraining complications and avoiding fatigue and heat illness . the current study aimed to investigate improved athletic and academic ( concentration ) performance by analysis of igg antibody reations and food elimination based on those reactions .
the 300-meter pre- and post - run and lda test were used as indicators of improved performance .
this information may contribute to understanding gut imbalance and inflammation , as well as in athlete performance .
elaine hsiao 's presentation for tedxcaltech , entitled  mind - altering microbes : how the microbiome affects brain and behavior ,  suggests that cognitive ability and social behavior can be linked to the type and quality of interactions between gut flora and diet .
thus , research into one 's proteome , metabolome , microbiome , autoantibodies , and epigenome provide evidence of the previously unprecedented opportunity to improve medical treatment and develop preventive strategies to preserve health .
expanding on the prospect of personalized / individualized medicine to maximize human potential in both the physical and cognitive realms is the endeavor of this investigation .
 background : optimal human function and performance through diet strategies are critical for everyone but especially for those involved in collegiate or professional athletics . currently , individualized medicine ( i m ) is emerging as a more efficacious approach to health with emphasis on personalized diet strategies for the public and is common practice for elite athletes . 
 one method for directing patient - specific foods in the diet , while concomitantly impacting physical performance , may be via igg food sensitivity and candida albicans analysis from dried blood spot ( dbs ) collections.methods:the authors designed a quasi - experimental , nonrandomized , pilot study without a control group . 
 twenty - three participants , 15 female , 8 male , from soccer / volleyball and football athletic teams , respectively , mean age 19.64 + 0.86 years , were recruited for the study , which examined preposttest 300-meter run times and questionnaire responses after a 14-day igg dbs  directed food elimination diet based on igg reactivity to 93 foods . 
 dbs specimen collection , 300-meter run times , and learning difficulties assessment ( lda ) questionnaires were collected at the participants ' university athletics building on campus . 
 igg , c albicans , and s cerevisiae analyses were conducted at the great plains laboratory , lenexa , kansas.results:data indicated a change in 300-meter run time but not of statistical significance ( run time baseline mean=50.41 sec , run time intervention mean=50.14 sec ) . 
 descriptive statistics for frequency of responses and chi - square analysis revealed that 4 of the 23 items selected from the lda ( listening - memory and concentration subscale r=.8669 ; listening - information processing subscale r=.8517 ; and general concentration and memory subscale r=.9019 ) were improved posttest.conclusion:the study results did not indicate merit in eliminating foods based on igg reactivity for affecting athletic performance ( faster 300-meter run time ) but did reveal potential for affecting academic qualities of listening , information processing , concentration , and memory . 
 further studies are warranted evaluating igg - directed food elimination diets for improving run time , concentration , and memory among college athletes as well as among other populations . 
Antecedentes:
Mtodos:
Resultados:
Conclusin:
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Participants
Intervention
Outcome Measures
RESULTS
DISCUSSION