the following online material is available for this article : allele sizes and frequencies of mapped ssr markers for different barley groups .
clustering of 403 accessions of barley landraces using un - weighted pair group arithmetic averages ( upgma ) on the basis of ssrs .
 genetic diversity in 403 morphologically distinct landraces of barley ( hordeum vulgare l. subsp . 
 vulgare ) originating from seven geographical zones of asia was studied using simple sequence repeat ( ssr ) markers from regions of medium to high recombination in the barley genome . 
 the seven polymorphic ssr markers representing each of the chromosomes chosen for the study revealed a high level of allelic diversity among the landraces . 
 genetic richness was highest in those from india , followed by pakistan while it was lowest for uzbekistan and turkmenistan . 
 out of the 50 alleles detected , 15 were unique to a geographic region . 
 genetic diversity was highest for landraces from pakistan ( 0.70  0.06 ) and lowest for those from uzbekistan ( 0.18  0.17 ) . likewise , polymorphic information content ( pic ) was highest for pakistan ( 0.67  0.06 ) and lowest for uzbekistan ( 0.15  0.17 ) . 
 diversity among groups was 40% compared to 60% within groups . 
 principal component analysis clustered the barley landraces into three groups to predict their domestication patterns . in total 51.58% of the variation was explained by the first two principal components of the barley germplasm . 
 pakistan landraces were clustered separately from those of india , iran , nepal and iraq , whereas those from turkmenistan and uzbekistan were clustered together into a separate group . 
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