Was the figure Aoba found supposed to be Madoka? in Gakuen Polizi Chapter 3, Sasami Aoba comes across a girl who's looking through the trash, looking for something she lost which she can't buy again, similar to what happened to Aoba herself the day before, but rather than her badge, it's an anime figure phone strap.





Now, given that the girl's description says that the figure had pink hair and we see what the figure was, it looks very much like Madoka Kaname from Puella Magi Madoka Magica with the bows and style of dress



Was this figure supposed to be Madoka?
Yes it is. Pink hair in bangs, dress similar to Madoka's. It is supposed to be Madoka. You can see example of Madoka keychain which serverd as an inspiration here:

Or actual phone strap here: