When does One Piece take place? When does the story of One Piece take place? Since the story is pirate-themed, I thought it may be at the time of the Golden Age of Piracy. The Golden Age of Piracy spans from 1650s to the 1730s. So I thought it happened around that time. Am I right or do they have their own timeline?
Well, actually! One Piece doesn't even take place on earth. It's pretty obvious when you take a glance at the planet's geography:



Not even during earth's theorized pangaea phase did it ever look like this. So One Piece is either very, very, very far into the future, or more likely simply not on earth at all.

A lot of ideas in OP are gathered from the eras you've mentioned, certainly, as a thematic thing, but they don't actually take place in those points of human history.