What region was Ciel Phantomhive the Earl of? Ciel Phantomhive's noble title was Earl. In medieval England, an Earl was the same as a Count in other parts of Europe. Phantomhive is his family name; therefore, him being called Earl Phantomhive was understandable. It was like calling Earl Peter Raeves of Wessex "Earl Raeves", or Earl Ian Hunter of Hwicce "Earl Hunter".

My question is, since Phantomhive is his family name and not the name of a region in England (unless in the Kuroshitsuji universe there is a region named Phantomhive, but I've never heard of that), what region/county in England was Ciel the Earl of?
Earls, Dukes, and Counts can all vaguely be considered the same thing. All of them could either be rulers over a section of the Queen's territory ("Earl Peter Raeves of Wessex") or it was just a title for a part of the hierarchy that was close to the monarch. I think he's called the Earl of Phantomhive, or I suppose you could say Earl Phantomhive, because that puts him in his spot in the hierarchy and as the head of the Phantomhive family. Please correct me if I'm wrong but that's how I always understood it.