Who can I contact to discuss adding features to Apple's operating systems? I have some ideas (i.e. certain software algorithms) which I think could enhance the user experience if implemented in the next version of Apple's operating systems. 

I'd like to connect with somebody from the company to discuss this in more detail.

I'm not sure where to start because I know I'm going to get nowhere talking to customer service.

Can anybody here point me in the right direction?
If you are suggesting new features or enhancements, try:

http://www.apple.com/feedback/

If you are reporting bugs, try:

https://bugreport.apple.com/

If you need to discuss extensive changes or a new direction you believe Apple should take, I suspect you will have to apply for a job with the department you believe your ideas will have most value in, and then find those who make the design decisions, and convince them that your ideas are the best direction going forward.