iPhone Configuration Software/Application for Windows or Mac OS X Is there any application that would allow you to manage and configure your iPhone? (i.e. desktop screen, desktop folders, icon names, settings, etc.)
You can manage and configure your iPhone using the free app "Apple Configurator 2" from the macOS App Store.

You can read more about it on Apple's support page:

https://support.apple.com/da-dk/apple-configurator

It won't necessarily allow you to change icon names, though, as they're generally not configurable.