Windows 10 partition disappeared after resizing My Windows partition disappeared after resizing it. I found a post on NERDr with a walkthrough for how to fix it and I did everything. This is what I got in my terminal:

Enter an MBR hex code (default AF): 07
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): y

Unused partition space(s) found. Use one to protect more partitions? (Y/N): n

Recovery/transformation command (? for help): o

Disk size is 490234752 sectors (233.8 GiB)
MBR disk identifier: 0x0566FE4C
MBR partitions:

Number  Boot  Start Sector   End Sector   Status      Code
   1                     1    133448879   primary     0xEE
   2      *      133448880    489972567   primary     0x07

Recovery/transformation command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/disk0.
Warning: Devices opened with shared lock will not have their
partition table automatically reloaded!
Unable to open device '/dev/disk0' for writing! Errno is 1! Aborting write!

Recovery/transformation command (? for help):  


The problem is the second to last line, says the action was aborted because the disk cannot be opened.



Some partition map details:

Andrews-MBP:~ Drew$ sudo fdisk /dev/disk0
Disk: /dev/disk0 geometry: 30515/255/63 [490234752 sectors]
Signature: 0xAA55
         Starting       Ending
#: id  cyl  hd sec -  cyl  hd sec [     start -       size]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1: EE 1023 254  63 - 1023 254  63 [         1 -  490234751] &lt;Unknown ID&gt;
2: 00    0   0   0 -    0   0   0 [         0 -          0] unused     
3: 00    0   0   0 -    0   0   0 [         0 -          0] unused     
4: 00    0   0   0 -    0   0   0 [         0 -          0] unused     
Andrews-MBP:~ Drew$ sudo gpt -vv -r show /dev/disk0
gpt show: /dev/disk0: mediasize=251000193024; sectorsize=512; blocks=490234752
gpt show: /dev/disk0: PMBR at sector 0
gpt show: /dev/disk0: Pri GPT at sector 1
gpt show: /dev/disk0: Sec GPT at sector 490234751
      start       size  index  contents
          0          1         PMBR
          1          1         Pri GPT header
          2         32         Pri GPT table
         34          6        
         40     409600      1  GPT part - C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
     409640  131769704      2  GPT part - 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
  132179344    1269536      3  GPT part - 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
  133448880  356523688      4  GPT part - 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
  489972568     262151        
  490234719         32         Sec GPT table
  490234751          1         Sec GPT header




I also have some replies in Official Apple Support Forum, but in a hurry to fix this so I also posted it here.
The 4th partition got the wrong partition type. It's marked as an HFS+ partition, it should be Microsoft Basic Data though.


Boot to Internet Recovery Mode
Open Terminal in the menubar > Utilities > Terminal
Enter diskutil list and with the disk identifier of the internal disk found there: gpt -r show diskX. Usually it's disk0 - below I assume it's disk0. Use the disk identifier you have found in your environment in the commands below! You also have a CoreStorage volume (e.g. FileVault). Check its disk identifier also. Below I assume it's disk2. If you haven't mounted it (because you didn't unlock it - if it is encrypted), you don't have to unmount it below.
Unmount the logical volume and then the internal disk:

diskutil umountDisk /dev/disk2
diskutil umountDisk /dev/disk0

Remove the fourth partition:

gpt remove -i 4 /dev/disk0 

Re-add the 4th partition with the same first block and size but with the proper type:

diskutil umountDisk /dev/disk2
diskutil umountDisk /dev/disk0
gpt add -b 133448880 -i 4 -s 356523688 -t EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 /dev/disk0

Reboot