How to disable SMS for two factor authentication? Apple will use SMS as a fallback for two factor auth, if an authorized device is not available. Given that SMS security is a dumpster fire, this seems unwise, and I'd like to disable the feature. However, I'd still like to have a fallback if an authorized Apple device isn't available for 2FA. You'd think that's what a recovery code would be for, but I can't seem to find a path to access my Apple ID by using my recovery code instead of an authorized device.
Unfortunately you cannot disable the feature.
Your best bet is keeping the number used completely private. I.e. do not use your main phone number for this - use a number specifically reserved for 2FA codes so that this phone number is not shared with others.
Also I would like to point out that the loophole described in the link you have included has actually been closed shortly after that article was written through a collaboration between T-Mobile, Verizon and AT&amp;T.
However it is still true that if you have some other means of providing a second factor than SMS, then you should definitely go for that instead. SMS is the least desirable of all options.