Can you charge an iPhone 5 from a standard, non-Apple Micro USB cable? Someone who has the new iPhone 5 said you can charge it from a regular Micro USB port but he's not tested it.

Can you?
Yes - just get a simple pass through adapter to plug the male USB into an adapter that fits in the lightning slot.


http://store.apple.com/us/product/MD820ZM/A/lightning-to-micro-usb-adapter


There are also knock off and legitimate third party adapters being sold, so you can pick your price point / fit and finish / support sweet spot.