Download photos from iCloud Photo Library to an iPhone without uploading everything from this iPhone From time to time I am uploading photos from my PC to my iCloud Photo Library. I would somehow like to set my iPhone XR so it will automatically download those photos to it's Photos app. It seems to me that I can do it only if I allow uploading from it too. I would like to prevent that, if that is possible (I do not want to upload all 10K+ photos from iPhone to iCloud).
iCloud is a syncing service an not a backup service.  

That means that every device logged-in with the same Apple ID will have access to the same files, including photos.  

There's no way to do the selective download that you're asking for.  Either you sync your photos to your iPhone or you continue to selectively download the photos you need.

Other possibilities include not using iCloud for this and using a 3rd party backup service like Dropbox.