Can you tweak or customize Spotlight to find first specific files and folders? For example, I have two folders named Edit but the one I use most frequently, shows up second on Spotlight.
Can you anyhow influence the precedence and importance of found files in Spotlight?
No. At one point, Spotlight would learn from your choices, but that functionality seems to have been lost in the most recent version.

You could get the functionality you want with an App Launcher like Alfred, or Quicksilver.