New SSD can't be initialized I have an old Macbook Pro for which I bought a new SSD and replaced the HDD with the SSD. Can't go further, see below.

I really don't know what to do. I could


return the SSD which, finally, might be broken
use a Linux distrib and gparted or fdisk, but the partition table they generate are not OS X compatible, I heard...
Tell me which distrib I should put on my USB stick (GRML, Ubuntu,...)


Booted to both Recovery and El Capitan off a USB 64Gb Stick.
The computer sees the SSD: Disk Utility shows "Samsung SSD 850 EVO 500GB Media" 

Only accessible button "Erase" (no Partition)
to: 

OS X Extended (journaled), GUID Partition Map 


gives 

Erase process failed


details:

Unmounting Disk
Wiping volume data to prevent future accidental probing
failed.
Operation failed.... 


retrying it doesn't work again: the mbp pauses for 30" at 'Unmounting Disk' and then:

Unable to write to the last block of the device.
Operation failed...



MacBook Pro9,2 (13” Mid 2012) original Snow Leopard
2.9 GHz Intel Core i7
8GB 1600 MHz DDR 3
13,3 inch 1280x800.


Also initialized the NVRam (ex PRAM).
The error message may indicate that the SSD contains an MBR which can't be properly repartitioned to a GUID partition table.

I recommend to dd the partition table with zeros:


Boot to the thumb drive
Get the number of blocks of the drive with 

#get the device node of the SSD (probably /dev/disk0)
diskutil list
#replace diskX by the device node you got in the last command
#below I assume the device node is /dev/disk0
gpt -r -v show /dev/disk0

Unmount the SSD

diskutil umountDisk /dev/disk0

Write zeros to the MBR

#Get the sector or device block size (either 512 or 4096!)
diskutil info /dev/disk0
#write zeros to the first blocks
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/disk0 bs=4096 count=8
#write zeros to the last blocks
#if the logical block size or sectorsize is 4096
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/disk0 bs=4096 count=8 seek=(number of blocks(4096)-8)
#or if the logical block size or sectorsize is 512
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/disk0 bs=4096 count=8 seek=(number of blocks(512)-64)


Example: if you got

diskutil info disk0
...
Volume Free Space:        Not applicable (no file system)
Device Block Size:        512 Bytes
...


or

gpt -r -v show disk0
gpt show: disk0: mediasize=121332826112; sectorsize=512; blocks=236978176
      start       size  index  contents
          0          1         PMBR
          1          1         Pri GPT header
          2         32         Pri GPT table
          ...


the last command would be:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/disk0 bs=4096 count=8 seek=236978112



Now retry to partition your SSD.