Time machine restore failed to fix boot After connecting MacBook Pro running 10.8 to video project, the system crashed and after restart it booted into recovery (OS X Utilities). 

I tried to fix the problem with checking disks and disk permission, everything was fine. Selecting Macintosh Hard disk as the "Startup Disk" did not alter anything. Zapping PRAM did not fix. The system even could not restart to Safe Mode.

I finally used the 7-days-ago Time Machine backup to restore the whole Macintosh hard disk. It finished successfully, but after selecting the language it boot again to recovery, and now "Startup Disk" application shows no disk to be selected.

I am sure about the backup that was created in healthy condition. This situation is very rare on this Mac and I face this condition for the first time.

Does anybody have any suggestions?
It sounds like the file system is damaged. Have you tried running Disk Utility, and selecting 'Repair Disk'?
Restoring from Time Machine will not repair the file system.