What happens after an iPhone has its data auto-erased? On the "Touch ID &amp; Passcode", there's the option "Erase Data", which says


  Erase all data on this iPhone after 10 failed passcode attempts.
  
  Data protection is enabled.


Is it possible to restore the phone using a laptop that has backed up the iPhone?
Once erased by the failed passcode attempts, the phone will be put in Activation Lock (assuming you have iOS 7 or later and have enabled Find My iPhone). You will need to unlock it using the Apple ID it is linked to. From there, you can restore the phone from a previous backup.