Do Macs come with any programming language available from the Terminal? I need to do a few little scripts on my Mac but I don't really want to install Xcode or Python for a full environment, just a quick command line deal.
Does macOS come with anything suitable out of the box?

As an example I want to process files in a directory and do some custom logic.
You have good old bash (or csh, or whatever). You can use it to write shell scripts.