Is Time Machine also backing up my Windows data from Bootcamp? I don’t know how to check whether my windows data is included when I set up time machine. I would love an answer that explains how I could tell this if possible, but if not, the main question follows. 

Does Time Machine back up Bootcamp data by default?
No, the BootCamp partition is not backed up by Time Machine.

You'll need to install a separate backup system for that. Either a Windows backup systems running on Windows when you use that system, or a Mac backup system that supports the file system you've used for Bootcamp (usually NTFS).