How can I get my mail rules from Mavericks to Sierra without doing them over one by one Or how can I export them? 
Or even just print them?

There are far too many for me to do them over.
There are a couple of things you can try, but these seem to be a bit hit and miss (i.e. they don't seem to work in all cases). 

Before I go any further, Apple Mail rules are stored in a property list at: ~/Library/Mail/V2/MailData/SyncedRules.plist

Notes: 


The "~" in the above path denotes your user account name. 
The "Library" folder is hidden by default. In order to see it, go to the Finder and while you press and hold the option key, click on the Go menu and select Library from the drop-down menu.
In your case it may not be in the 'V2' folder - it could be in a 'V3' etc, but in Mavericks the default was 'V2' and in macOS Sierra it should be 'V4'.


Method 1 - copy the SyncedRules.plist file

This is what I'm guessing you've already tried. Namely, find the correct copy of your rules .plist file and copy/restore this across to the correct location within your new macOS Sierra location. By correct location I mean that in macOS Sierra there will probably be a new 'V4' folder - so copy the file into that folder!

Method 2 - create a new user account

This method involves creating a new user account but not enabling iCloud in it so you can access all your old rules.

More specifically:


Go to Apple > System Preferences
Select Users &amp; Groups
Create a new User Account (you may need to unlock the padlock in order to do this)
In Login Options ensure you have Automatic Login set to off, and that you have Show fast user switching menu enabled
Exit System Preferences
Log into your new user account but do not log in to iCloud (i.e. totally skip this step)
Copy across your V2 or V3 etc folder into the Mail folder located within the user's library folder (see notes at beginning of answer on how to make the library folder visible)
Now open Mail
This should start a process to copy across all your Mail data from the V2 or V3 or V4 etc folder you copied across


Once finished, you should be able to see your rules etc. If you can, you can try to copy across this new folder to your other user's account (however, be aware this may not be preferable as you will replace existing data that may be more recent - although you could try just copying across the SyncedRules.plist file. Remember to copy it across to the correct location (see Method 1 above). However, if you have iCloud enabled, you may want to also copy this across to the

If this doesn't work, but you can see the rules, then at least you can now see them if you need to take screenshots etc to recreate them.

Let me know how you go - especially if you feel you're close but just not quite there.