How to check if my HD is case sensitive or not? How can I get information if my HD format is case sensitive or case insensitive?

I want to make sure my Mac running Mountain Lion has a case sensitive file system.
You can use terminal to read the File System Personality:

diskutil info /


Look for the fields named below:

   File System Personality:  Journaled HFS+
   Type (Bundle):            hfs
   Name (User Visible):      Mac OS Extended (Journaled)


If the file system is case sensitive, you will see Case-sensitive Journaled HFS in the first pasted line and Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive, Journaled) in the third.

Disk Utility will also show you this from the info window for any File System it can see.