Is it possible to create something like a requirements file for homebrew? Python (and other languages) can use a requirements file to specify a list of packages to install.

Is it possible to use a requirements file for homebrew?
You should have a look at brew bundle, which installs as a subcommand of brew. It can install and update packages, taps, and casks specified in a Brewfile. You can also dump your current Homebrew environment into a new Brewfile or uninstall everything not listed.