How can I easily identify if a substance is an acid or base based on its chemical formula? I know of the Arrhenius definition, Bronsted Lowry definition and the Lewis definition for acids and bases but I don't know how to apply them on the spot. Also, some chemical formulas (such as acetic acid) throw me off since it has an OH at the end which causes me to think that it's a base when it really isn't. 

Any tips/ways to identify if something is an acid or base simply based on its chemical formula?
I was going to mark this as too broad, but it's not too broad, because the answer is quite simple: in general, you cannot determine the acid or base properties of a substance from its formula.

As a concrete example, consider the formula $\ce{C4H7NO3}$.

Here are two possible isomers for that formula:


The left compound is an acid. The right compound is a base.