Do non-English speaking countries use the same element symbols? The question does sound pretty absurd, but hear me out first. The Periodic Table of the Elements, as I know it, is supposed to be a common standard adopted by the global scientific community.

However, I see a hitch when it comes to a total world-wide acceptance of such a standard.

Every Periodic Table of the Elements that I've seen in print uses the Latin Alphabet, and quite a few chemical symbols are assigned based on the Latin words for the elements ( Fe- Ferrum, Sn- Stannum, Au- Aurum, Cu- Cuprum, etc etc). 

Now this appears to be a rather clever compromise reached by the English-speaking countries (the U.S.A, the U.K, Australia, etc) and countries that don't really use English, but use the Latin Alphabet (Germany, France, Spain, etc, etc). Obviously, using a "dead-language" to assign chemical symbols helps eliminate resentment that could rise by favoring one language (say, German) over another (say, English). Well, this appears to be the same logic behind the use of Latin in biological nomenclature too.

Now here's the catch;

How do countries that don't use the Latin Alphabet deal with this?

Alright, it seems credible to believe that Middle-Eastern countries (Arabic) and African countries would use the standard, Latin Alphabet Periodic Table that we use, without complaint. I guess the same goes for former European colonies too.

But what about:

1) Countries like Russia (Cyrillic) and Japan (Kanji), which have made significant contributions to the modern Periodic Table? Since they did contribute quite a bit to the Table, they probably "feel" they have the right to use their own customized Periodic Table using Cyrillic or Kanji characters.

2) Countries that vehemently oppose cooperation with Western countries, and would obviously dismiss the Latin Alphabet Periodic Table as an 'instrument of the West'. For example North Korea.
Both North Korea and South Korea use the periodic table. The names, however, are different. Here is a periodic table in North Korea



The title translates to "Mendeleev's atomic periodic table." The names of the elements are different for some. 

In South Korea
Hydrogen is known as and pronounced as soo-saw. 
Phosphorus is known as and pronounced as in.
Potassium is known as and pronounced as kallium.
etc.

But some are the same.

In South Korea
Magnesium is known as and pronounced as magnesium.
Argon is known as and pronounced as argon.
Fluorine is known and pronounced as fluorine.

I haven't taken classes in North Korea or visited any research facilities. But it is likely that they have further modified the names  to be "less western".

All of these are names, and do not replace the symbols used in the periodic table.