Is the Hartree-Fock procedure the same thing as the self-consistent-field (SCF) theory? Is it right to think that the Hartree procedure is called the SCF theory, as the notion of self-consistent field comes from approximating multi-electron wavefunction as multiple one-electron wavefunctions. Since we don't know the final charge density, we must iterate until it is self-consistent?
No.

The Hartree-Fock method encompasses a set of assumptions used to formulate and solve a series of equations embodying a mean-field, time-independent Schrödinger equation.

The self-consistent field method is a computational technique used in myriad applications where the equations to be solved are implicit—that is, where it is impossible to isolate an analytically solvable expression for a variable and its derivatives.  To the best of my knowledge, any solution method involving a "guess-and-check" approach can be considered a 'self-consistent solution method'.

The Hartree-Fock method is an example of a use-case for a self-consistent field procedure, but they are not synonymous.