What is SPDF configuration? Recently in my chemistry classes, the teacher spoke about SPDF configuration and then said that we'll be taught about it in higher classes. 

But I'm sorta curious to know that what is SPDF configuration and is there something like - obtaining electronic configuration in SPDF format?
s, p, d, f and so on are the names given to the orbitals that hold the electrons in atoms.  These orbitals have different shapes (e.g. electron density distributions in space) and energies (e.g. 1s is lower energy than 2s which is lower energy than 3s; 2s is lower energy than 2p).



(image source)

So for example,


a hydrogen atom with one electron would be denoted as $\ce{1s^1}$ - it has one electron in its 1s orbital
a lithium atom with 3 electrons would be $\ce{1s^2~2s^1}$
fluorine has 9 electrons which would be $\ce{1s^2~2s^2~2p^5}$


Again, as we read from left to right the energy of the orbital increases and the superscript shows the number of electrons in the orbital. You can read more here.