Is there an interpretation of the 12 nidanas that occurs just over one lifetime? Is there an interpretation of the 12 nidanas (shown on the outside of the wheel below) that is compatible with a lack of belief in rebirth. For instance in the 12 nidanas there are the links 


  Becoming -> Birth -> Aging and Death


So even though this explicitly names rebirth is there an interpretation of the cycle that occurs just over one lifetime (or reoccurs many times over one life). Or are the concepts of the nidanas so bound up with rebirth that they have no value or sense to practioners who are more agnostic about this.
All factors of the pratityasamutpada occurs in this lifetime. Just from different causal rounds of it. And of course, there is much more relations between the nidanas than just sequential enumeration of 12 states.


  Or are the concepts of the nidanas so bound up with rebirth that they have no value or sense to practioners who are more agnostic about this.


If you deny just one link, that should not make other 10 links of no value even for you.

In Sarvastivada school there is also instantaneous (ksanika) interpretation of pratityasamutpada. Quoting Abhidharmakosa-bhasya:


  [Question:] – How is dependent origination momentary? [Answer:] – When
  persons who are a victim of the defilements commit murder, the twelve
  members are realized in the same moment:
  1. their delusion (moha) is ignorance (avidyā);
  2. their intention (cetanā) is the formations (saṃskāra);
  3. their distinct perception of a certain object [vastuprativijñapti] is consciousness (vijñāna);
  4. the four aggregates co-arisen with the consciousness are name-and-form (nāmarūpa);
  5. the sense-faculties abiding in name-and-form are the six sense-spheres (ṣaḍāyatana);
  6. the functioning [abhinipāta] of the six sense-spheres is contact (sparśa);
  7. to experience [anubhava] contact is sensation (vedanā);
  8. greed (lobha; LVP: attachment [rāga]) is craving (tṛṣṇā);
  9. the envelopments (paryavasthāna) associated with craving are grasping (upādāna);
  10. bodily or vocal action [kāyavākkarma] that proceeds [from sensation or craving] is existence (bhava);
  11. the emergence (utsarjana; LVP: unmajjana = utpāda = arising) of all these factors is birth (jāti);
  12. the maturity (paripāka) of these factors is old age (jarā); and the breaking down (bhaṅga) of these factors is death (maraṇa).