Did Buddha ever get sick or injured? Specifically in his last life, both before enlightenment and after.
At least:

Before an enlightenment: 


bodhisatta make himself suffering by dukkarakiriyā-practicing,
attakilamathānuyoga, in Mahāsaccaka-sutta.



  Aggivessana, it occurred to me, what if I pressed the upper jaw on the
  lower jaw, with the tongue pressing on the palate pushed out, expelled
  and burnt up thoughts in my mind. Then even while sweat was dripping
  from my armpits, I pressed the upper jaw on the lower jaw, with the
  tongue pressing on the palate pushed out, expelled and burnt up
  thoughts in my mind...etc.


It is a very long with many suffering, please, look inside the link by yourself.

After an enlightenment:


One sick,  some physical body suffering, found in
cīvara-khandhaka of vinaya-pitaka.



  [135] Tena  kho  pana  samayena  bhagavato  kāyo  dosābhisanno hoti. 
  
  Next, the cause is when  buddha's body accumulating waste product. 



Two more sicks found in D.N. Mahāparinibbāna-sutta, illness, and 
hematemesis.



  
  But when the Blessed One had entered upon the rainy season, there arose in him a severe illness, and sharp and deadly pains came upon him. And the Blessed One endured them mindfully, clearly comprehending and unperturbed.
  ...
  And soon after the Blessed One had eaten the meal provided by Cunda the metalworker, a dire sickness fell upon him, even hematemesis (lohitapakkhandikā), and he suffered sharp and deadly pains. But the Blessed One endured them mindfully, clearly comprehending and unperturbed.
  



Another, injure found in Vinaya Saṅghabhedakhandhaka.



  Tato   papaṭikā   uppatitvā   bhagavato   pāde   ruhiraṃ   uppādesi .
  
  Because of broken pieces of big rocks, blood bleed out at buddha's foot.


The conclusion appears in K.N. Apadāna, too. From here, buddha said foot-ache and headache, too. This is a long quote, please see inside the link by yourself.