How to handle contrition I've hurt a beloved one a lot. I've done something which is unforgivable to this person and the contrition is eating me up.

Contrition is, of course, a essential part in learning and preventing mistakes from beeing done multiple times. 
However, my regret is blocking me, I can't think about anything else.

Has Buddha told us anything about this? 

Of course I have to, and already do, a dialoge with this person.
However, how should I handle this within myself?
In suttas Buddha says this to people feeling remorseful about their past: there is no use worrying about the past you can't change. Focus on acting with skill going forward.

One of the most underappreciated techniques in Buddhism is weaving useful narratives. This is when you tell yourself a story about yourself in a way that induces and sustains the good states of mind. The story can't be a lie though! -- so before you can do it, you have to actually repent/reconcile/resolve to not let it happen again.

So the first step is to actually finalize the internal decision: what shall you do differently from now on. Then you should let some time pass to give you a chance to act in the new way. And then you can say hey, I have not committed the same mistake for such and such time, I think I am good now. Simple, right?

Check out the story about Angulimala and a Pregnant Woman. It illustrates this principle brilliantly.