nupassana or upassana? A Wikipedia article about Sati uses the word &quot;upassanā&quot;

According to Grzegorz Polak, the four upassanā have been misunderstood by the developing Buddhist tradition, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)

However, I could not find the word in Pali dictionary and a Google search did not explain the term.
The term 'nupassana' however is found on Google but neither in Pali dictionar .
There is upasana in Sanskrit.
What is this term upassana or nupassana and where is it used?
I think the word you're looking for is Anupassanā

[abstr. of anupassati, cf. Sk. anudarśana] looking at, viewing, contemplating, consideration, realisation

It's used in compound words like Kāyānupassanā (and Vedanānupassanā, Cittānupassanā, and Dhammānupassanā).
The fact that the second 'a' in &quot;Kāyānupassanā&quot; is long (i.e. with an accent on it, 'ā') is I think a hint that it's a compound of two 'a's, i.e.
Kāya + anupassanā = Kāyānupassanā


Wikipedia's Vipassanā (Etymology) says ...

Vipassanā is a Pali word derived from the older prefix &quot;vi-&quot; meaning &quot;special&quot;, and the verbal root &quot;-passanā&quot; meaning &quot;seeing&quot;. It is often translated as &quot;insight&quot; or &quot;clear-seeing&quot;. The &quot;vi&quot; in vipassanā has many possible meanings, it could mean to '[see] into', '[see] through' or to '[see] in a special way.

... so there's a &quot;root&quot; &quot;-passanā&quot; -- which doesn't have an independent entry in the PTS dictionary, it just says ...


Passanā (p. 447) Passanā Passanā see anu˚, vi˚.


... i.e. referencing anupassanā and vipassanā.

The Sanskrit is Pashyana or Paśyana -- meaning &quot;see&quot;, apparently.
Also there's https://www.buddha-vacana.org/toolbox/pref.html#anu which gives six possible meaning for the prefix &quot;anu&quot;.


after, behind (motion viewed from the front backward).
ex: dhāvati: to run &gt; anu·dhāvati: to run after
bala: military force &gt; anu·bala: rearguard
bhāsati: to speak &gt; anu·bhāsati: to speak after, repeat

for, towards an aim, on to, into, over to, forward (motion viewed from the back forward).
ex: pavecchati: to give, bestow &gt; anu·pavecchati: to hand over
rodati: to cry, weep &gt; anu·rodati: to cry for
pavisati: to enter &gt; anu·pavisati: to enter into

(emphasis).
ex: dayā: sympathy, kindness &gt; anu·ddayā: pity
yoga: application, endeavour &gt; anu·yoga: devotion, dedication
vitakketi: to consider, reflect &gt; anu·vitakketi: to ponder over

according to, in conformity with, along.
ex: ñāta: kown, well-knwon &gt; anu·ñāta: permitted, allowed
mati: opinion &gt; anu·mati: consent, agreement
rūpa: form &gt; anu·rūpa: conform
anu·dhamma: in conformity with the dhamma
karoti: to do &gt; anu·karoti: to imitate

secondary, supplementary, inferior, minor, smaller.
ex: pabbajā: ascetic life &gt; anu·pabbajā: discipleship in ascetism
majjha: average &gt; anu·majjha: mediocre
pavatteti: to set in motion &gt; anu·pavatteti: to keep in motion

each, every, one by one.
ex: disā: direction &gt; anu·disā: each direction
pubba: previous, former &gt; anu·pubba: 'each after the previous one' ie. gradual
pañcāha: five days &gt; anu·pañcāha: every five days.