Hospitalization and its Morals I have questions regarding hospitalization and its morals


  1) Are monks/nuns allowed to be hospitalized and can they go to a
  hospital or doctor if sick? (because aren't they not allowed to
  request anything according to the vinaya?)
  
  2) Can a monk/nun take painkillers or will that be a breach of the
  fifth precept?
  
  3) If there is a parisite or other being inside of someone, can they
  take medicine to cure themselves of it, or would that break the first
  precept, or is it not if the being isn't sentient?
When I lived in Thailand: 


Monks were admitted to hospital. 
Monks took painkillers. 
Monks used medicine for internal parasites.