How do time and space exist? I have a questions and I hope someone could help.

Regarding time and space, I have seen different views: do they exist independently of our mind perceiving them, or is that all mind (inside mind)?

I would love to hear both views Mahayana and Theravada. I really want to understand what they say, about time both existing subjectively in the mind or outside in the World -- and same about space, is it inside our mind or does it exist outside our mind independently?

I think Theravada Buddhism doesn't say anything about time or space -- I may be wrong, hope somebody could clarify it, I want to be clear. But isn't it important to understand what kind of relation time have to impermanence?

In the Mahayana tradition Nagarjuna's theory seems to say that time is dependently arisen just as any phenomena and therefore doesn't exist. Does he mean that time doesn't exist subjectively in our mind, or does he mean that time doesn't exist for the universe?

In my opinion, Mahayana's view of reality is that subject-object inter-are -- while Theravada does not talk about the nature of the universe, but instead focuses on what the cause and cessation of suffering is, without saying anything about time -- but isn't that important to understand for liberation?

If there is nothing about in the scriptures then I will accept it and no problem, but I just want to know.
In the original Pali scriptures, the term &quot;dependently arisen&quot; is used to refer to conditions related to the arising of &quot;suffering&quot; or &quot;sorrow &amp; grief&quot;. It is not used for any &quot;causality&quot; related to the laws of physics.

Dwelling at Savatthi... &quot;Monks, I will describe &amp; analyze dependent
co-arising for you.
And what is dependent co-arising? From ignorance as a requisite
condition come fabrications. From fabrications as a requisite
condition comes consciousness. From consciousness as a requisite
condition comes name-&amp;-form. From name-&amp;-form as a requisite condition
come the six sense media. From the six sense media as a requisite
condition comes contact. From contact as a requisite condition comes
feeling. From feeling as a requisite condition comes craving. From
craving as a requisite condition comes clinging/.. From clinging as a
requisite condition comes becoming. From becoming as a requisite
condition comes birth. From birth as a requisite condition, then aging
&amp; death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, distress, &amp; despair come into
play. Such is the origination of this entire mass of stress &amp;
suffering.
SN
12.2

As for the idea of &quot;time&quot;, this can obviously relate to &quot;craving&quot; or &quot;mental wanting&quot; (such as thinking about the past &amp; having expectations of the future, as described in MN 131). However this &quot;mentally constructed time&quot; (in MN 131) is obviously unrelated to the &quot;time &amp; space&quot; of physics; as found in the following verse:

‘As the days and nights flit by, what sort of person am I becoming?’
AN 10.48

As for &quot;space&quot;, it is one of the six elements (dhatu):

There are these six elements: the elements of earth, water, fire, air,
space and consciousness.
When a mendicant knows and sees these six elements, they’re qualified
to be called ‘skilled in the elements’.
MN 115

The reason a teaching about &quot;space&quot; is provided is so &quot;space&quot; is not clung to, as follows:

And what is the space element?
The space element may be interior or exterior.
And what is the interior space element?
Anything that’s space, spacious and organic that’s internal,
pertaining to an individual. This includes: the ear canals, nostrils,
and mouth; and the space for swallowing what is eaten and drunk, the
space where it stays, and the space for excreting it from the nether
regions. This is called the interior space element.
The interior space element and the exterior space element are just the
space element. This should be truly seen with right understanding like
this: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’
When you truly see with right understanding, you reject the space
element, detaching the mind from the space element.
MN 62

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