Chart for bicycle component quality? I'm not very familiar with all the different component groups available and wondered if there's a chart that ranks their quality (or price).

So I'd know that Shimano 105 is the same level as SRAM Apex (just and example, I don't know).  So I can get it in my head a general idea of where these component sets stack up against each other so when I look at bikes I'll know (generally) the quality of the components.

Surely there's a list somewhere out there, but I can't find it.
There are lots of comparisons in the web, however they tend to get outdated or vanish from time to time, so I won't recommend or link any particular one here. Instead use your favourite search engine with terms like "bicycle/road bike/mountain bike groupset comparison" or the like.

But you can also do a quick check yourself: Choose a component that is usually part of all groups (a derailleur for example), search your favourite online bike shop for it and note the price for the parts from different groups. This should scale fairly well to the whole component group and give you a rough estimate on how they are positioned towards each other.