Cable/cord near brake level is extremely loose, brake doesn't work When I press my left brake lever, nothing happens. I looked and the cable is loose. It comes completely out of the little silver thing on the left side of the handle. (left when looking at pic)

The actual brake lever also moves too far.

(I am a literally newbie at this. I have NO idea whats' wrong and google isn't smart enough to help a bike idiot like me.)

Make/model = It's a V brake Shimano "V-Brake". For bike it's a Raleigh 4.5

Had my bike worked on again today and now THIS is an issue.... :(





Update: Picture of the area near the wheel. This is where I suspect I need to do something. This is where it is "really" loose.
Yep, the V-brake is improperly assembled.  The curved metal tube is supposed to "catch" the end where it touches the rubber accordion thing in the notch in the dohickey attached to the right-hand-side brake arm (which is on the left in your picture).  Either it got knocked out (possibly while the bike was being put into/taken out of your car trunk) or the notch has spread (unlikely) letting the tube slip through.  

Here is a picture of how it ought to look.

(Note that the brake is designed to come apart at that point.  This allows the arms to be spread apart to make it easier to remove the wheel for service.  In fact, it's not too unusual for a repair tech to forget to reconnect this after servicing a bike.  Or it may have been loosened to remove the wheel while transporting.)