How can you speed a road-bike up? So, I have an 80's raleigh bike, reassembled from spare parts.  I'm wondering what the best way to get more speed out of the bike is.  Wheels?  Gears?  Lighter gear? Different pedals? I'm rather fond of the frame, so I'd rather not replace that.
Gabe,  If you love the frame, and are willing to spend the money to keep it, start upgrading everything else.  Start with:

Wheels/tires - rotating mass will slow you down the most - go to aluminum wheels and thin/light tires size 23 or 25.

Bottom Crank - Once again rotating mass, you can get some hollow core cranks, and adjust the chainring sizes to the biggest you can push.  You can save a few grams by going to a compact crank versus a triple.

Shifters/derailleur(s) - get some aero shifters/brakes, and upgrade to a lighter front/rear derailleur.

Seat post, handlebars, stem - On an old raleigh, they are probably steel - you can get inexpensive aluminum replacements.

Seat - get rid of the OG heavy seat and get something more comfortable and lighter.

From expensive and most effective, to least expensive/effective, thats the list off the top of my head.

Good luck on your decision, and keep those old Raleighs going, they are great bikes :)