Can early 2000 era frame use the latest group sets I have a Schwinn Peloton LTD from early 2000 with a 10 speed DuraAce crank.
The label on the bottom bracket says BC1.37x24 ROAD.

Can I get the latest Shimano group sets to work with this frame?
Yes, you should be able to run the current range of groupsets. All the mount points are the same as 20 years ago, except for 11/12 speed freehub body, so you might need to change the rear hub or wheel. Your BB shell is a regular threaded 68mm, should be absolutely no trouble to find suitable BB cups.