How to fix this unusual looking valve stem to put air in the tire? I'm wondering how do I fix this valve stem? I want to put air in the tire. But, i don't see the usual screw-on stem part. The other bicycle tire has such type of stem, so I am thinking this one is broken. How do I repair our replace it? Thanks for help, 

update: thanks for the helpful info. i plan to get some more time on this during this week. this evening, i found a part with my pump kit that i was able to screw on. it didn't work with one of my pumps, but i have another pump i plan to try on it. 

update: it was exciting to turn the top part from what i've learned from this thread and then be able to pump up this tire for my wife to have a working bike again. now, i know the usage of the other side of this pump attachment that i had never used before too. thanks for the help!
Your valve looks like a regular Presta aka 'french valve' to me. It's just a bit on the short side for your current rim.

I would recommend using a Presta valve extender, it could replace the small nut that is currently located on the valve stem assuming the valve hole in the rim wall isn't drilled out for a bigger size valve (the bottom of the valve extender will then push against the rim thus taking the function of the small nut that is currently installed). You could also just remove the small nut (once again assuming rim wasn't drilled for bigger size  valve stem) so you have a bit more room to install a pump. just make sure to depress the tire at the location of the valve as to prevent it from being pushed down when installing the pump.

Presta valve extender(example):



You could also try using a adapter to go from Presta to Dunlop or Presta to Shrader, if you remove the small (currently installed ) nut it looks like you should have enough thread sticking out on your current valve stem in order to install such an adapter.



Source

bonus info:
https://www.bicycling.com/repair/a20048610/the-difference-between-a-schrader-valve-and-a-presta/