Enquiry on SPD and SPD-SL I am new to road bikes.
My pedals are 2010 shimano 105 - SPD-SL 

Can spd shoes with spd cleats be used on spd-sl pedals?
The short answer is no. 

The SPD-SL 3 bolt pattern is larger by several centimeters.

An SPD shoe has tread to make it easier to walk in the show off-road and a smaller, 2 bolt cleat mounting pattern. The tread would be in the way of mounting the SPD-SL cleat.