What bottom bracket is this and why does it have a lockring? After watching some videos I'm pretty sure that the BB on my bike is a three piece square taper type.

After a short search I couldn't see any any videos or articles on how to remove a BB which has the 20 groove cups (?) and a lockring.

 

The bike is Pinarello Lungavita single speed. I bought it second hand and I cannot find any info on what the BB is.

Would you be able to figure out what BB it is and what the locking is for?
It's probably a cup and cone bottom bracket with the splined tool interface rather than wrench flats or pin holes. Most recent ones are like this, I believe as a function of what tools now make up the standard arsenal at bike factories. Or it may be a cartridge BB with a lockring, which have existed but aren't common. In either case, you remove it by loosening the lockring and then removing the cups.