What brakes do I need I'm re-building an old bike frame but am stuck on the brakes.

There seems to be a lot of clearance between the frame and rim and normal size brake callipers wont reach far enough. Are there alternative brakes that I need to use?

I've uploaded a pic to help.
Wheel rim looks smaller than what the fork is designed for. 

Is that an old road frame? Perhaps it was made for an ISO 630mm rim (sometimes called a 27 inch) but you have installed a wheel with a 700c/ISO 622mm rim.