What are the typical range of maximum braking friction forces? There are many non-bike applications which benefit from using bicycle hardware. Case in point, there is a long and rich tradition of using bike  parts in aviation. One particular area of interest is using bike brakes as a weight- and cost-optimized braking solution for many types of spinning shafts.
However, before prototyping with these parts it would be good to understand what are their operational limits.
While there are some good references for the maximum deceleration which can be reasonably attained by a bicycle (it seems that ~0.7g is a typical value), this does not address what are the brakes' ultimate force limits.
I am interested in understanding what are industry ball-park figures for the friction force on disc as in the below image. Please note that this is separate from the braking force a rider experiences, which is the road pushes tyre/tyre pushes road.

Questions

What are typical ranges for maximum bike rim and disc braking forces?
How is this affected by off-the-shelf brake pad material?
What is the force difference (absolute or relative) between hydraulic and cable actuated disc brakes?
What is the force difference (absolute or relative) between hydraulic and cable actuated rim brakes?

P.S. I realize that torque is ultimately what is being transmitted through the wheel to the tire, but the torque arises because of drag forces generated by the brake. So if your answer gives torque specs please reference the diameter so I can convert to force.
What is the relative difference between hydraulic and cable actuated disc brakes? 
What is the relative difference between hydraulic and cable actuated rim brakes?

Generally speaking - hydraulic brakes offer more modulation.  There's more &quot;hand-feel&quot; between the initial bite and through to full-on braking.
Whether its disk or rim is less important - the rim brake can be treated as a really big rotor.
Cable actuated disk calipers tend to be single sided, so they have one moving pad and one stationary pad.  These can work fine, but they have to flex the rotor subtly when braking.  A hydraulic disk caliper, and any kind of rim brake will bring both pads to the braking surface.
A good rim brake can easily exceed a mediocre disk brake of any style.  Which is better between a good rim brake and a good disk caliper is still undecided.  Disks have a weight and aero penalty, but don't depend on a planar rim.