Is there something special about Corona that makes it suitable for adding a slice of lime? Corona, and some other beers, tend to go well with a slice of lemon inside. Is there something particular about the style of beer, or is this a marketing thing?
I would say it's the light body, low maltiness and low bitterness that make it amenable to citrus additions (and perhaps other additions.)

The low flavor and bitterness means:


if you choose to add something, you need only a little of it before you can taste/smell the addition
there's less "interference" from the flavors of the beer so the addition tastes cleaner


Contrast with adding citrus to a Czech Pils for example. You'd have to add much more juice - the bitterness and malt backbone of the beer would compete with the citrus additions.