How are aircraft controlled that have no forward view out of the cockpit? Modern aircraft tend to have quite reasonable cockpit visibility. But throughout history there were some that had literally no visibility directly forward.

The best known example is probably Ryan Spirit of St. Louis:



but there were others like Supermarine S6. Granted, they were all special purpose planes. But still, how did the pilot align with the intended runway and ensure the runway is clear? There was no ILS to help him, so it still had to be done visually. And how did he avoid obstacles and other aircraft?
You don't need a panoramic view to land, and in Lindbergh's time there was no other traffic to avoid. Navigation is easy enough through side windows (in many modern airplanes you can't see the ground out the front unless the nose is pointed down) and you can just yaw the plane left and right for the times you do want to line up with something. Airfields 100 years ago were quite literally fields, so you didn't need to be all that precise about it. Lindbergh had a periscope and was used to flying mail planes with the front seat occupied with the bag, so it wasn't anything new.

Even today, tail draggers have basically zero forward visibility on the ground so they taxi by watching the edge of the pavement with the occasional sharp s-turn to check ahead.