Can structural damage be detected or predicted using historical data? Can software simulations and structural health monitoring techniques accurately predict damage occurrence in aerospace structures using historical data(stiffness,damping and vibration measurements over a considerable period of time) 

or

Are these techniques more suited to real time damage detection rather than damage prediction ?


  For eg. SHM techniques such as parameter estimation using Frequency Response, or Non Destructive Inspection.
Yes it can be done. However, with the advent of technologies, you can also use the real time updates of the monitored system to understand it's health. In some cases where the historical data is not available, it becomes important to assess the structure's condition based on real time updates. I feel the following links could be of interest: 


https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1475921718760483
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017304612