Do flight simulators imitate turbulence effectively? I know that flight simulators (which are used to train the pilots for commercial airlines) try to simulate almost all kind of weather conditions, but how effectively and realistically are they able to reproduce turbulence in the simulated environment?
No, simulators cannot realistically simulate turbulence. Turbulence is characterized by significant changes in altitude that happen very quickly, and even full motion simulators aren't going to be able to re-create that. They can bump you around a bit, but not really prepare you for the real thing.