Is there any engine that doesn't use a propellant to produce thrust? As far as I know, all engines used in aircraft produce thrust by means of some propellant: kerosene, hydrogen peroxide etc. Maybe I've missed something, but could you tell me, are there any engines that can produce thrust without using exhaust gases expelled from the nozzles? Is it even possible?
Yes there are. Although they are not for commercial aviation. One example are solar powered engines:


Source Wikipedia

Alternatively, there are other means of storing energy - rubber bands, but this one is just for model aitplanes.


Source: Pinterest

But in either case, you need store energy somewhere, and best way is to use oil-based fuels.