Do modern jet engines monitor and record exposure to particles of dust or sand? The BBC News article The Jet Engines with Digital Twins describes engineers monitoring measured versus modeled behavior of jet engines, and deviations between them signaling possible need of maintenance.

The following mention of sand:


  One of the most useful parts of the digital twin is that it measures a huge number of factors that the engine faces throughout its lifetime -- some flights have more people on them then others (that will put more strain on the engine), some cities (like Abu Dhabi) have a lot of sand in their air, and some pilots push their engines harder than others. “With the twin...I can learn that the pilot is a cowboy and pushes the engine. The fuel burn we see will be different with different pilot. The digital twin remembers every one of those events. (emphasis added)


made me wonder if modern jet engines monitor and record exposure to particles of dust or sand. If so, roughly how do the airborne particle monitors work - do they monitor the size distribution, or just count number over a certain threshold of some kind?
As of now, there are no commercially available engine particle ingestion sensors, though a few are under development. One of the companies involved in development lays out the reasons for the absence of any such sensors:


  As of today, no commercial off-the-shelf particulate sensor is in use because of the special design and difficult requirements for operation and performance in this harsh environment, according to Dr. Hai Lin of Hal Technology in Fontana, California.  


There are multiple sensors under development like the Dual Optical Embedded Dust Sensor which is used to determine the particle ingestion by the AGT1500 engine in M1 Abrams, where dust and sand is a bigger problem, if anything.

All of these sensors work on a similar principle- they measure the scattering of light by the particles using a optical sensor.


  The sensor detects light scattering from moving particles as optical pulsed signals whose amplitudes are proportional to size and whose number is proportional to concentration. This sensor technology can determine particle size, distribution, concentration and further be extended for composition. 


In future most of these systems are expected to available commercially, as 


  While continuing to advance this technology for particulate composition determination, Hal Technology is pursuing a licensing agreement or partnership with sensor or engine manufacturers to have the sensor integrated into engine heath management systems of the future.