How am I supposed to track to KOSAX on the OLIVI 4W out of EDFM? The SID chart for Mannheim, Germany (EDFM) runway 27 has segments to OLIVI are not defined in terms of any navigational aids but simply specify a track.

How am I supposed to fly these accurately? And more to the point, how am I supposed to determine that I'm over KOSAX? Dead reckoning? You might think that the SID requires GPS or other RNAV equipment, but there is another chart for that (which is virtually identical, but uses GPS-fix symbols instead of intersections).

KOSAX is also not shown on the Lower Enroute chart, which might otherwise have helped to determine its location.
The textual description for OLIVI 4W is:

OLIVI FOUR WHISKEY
On track 256° to 6.0 DME MND; RT, on track 333° to KOSAX;
LT, on track 294° to OLIVI.
Climb with 7.9% (480 ft/NM) or more until passing 3000,
then climb with 6.4% (390 ft/NM) or more until passing 6000.


However, the remarks section holds the answer:

1. PDG 7.9% (480 ft/NM) due to obstacles.
   If unable to comply, request alternative instruction by ATC.
2. PDG 6.4% (390 ft/NM) due to airspace structure.
3. After 6.0 DME MND BRNAV equipment necessary.
4. During activity of ED-R 205 (TRA) MAX FL80.



Note "3. After 6.0 DME MND BRNAV equipment necessary."

BRNAV in this case means "Basic RNAV", which is essentially a form of RNAV equipment, but with less stringent certification requirements compared to normal IFR RNAV equipment.