3.主动与被动说法的替换，如把Population shift has caused this pressure. 换成This pressure has been caused by population shift.
4.相近句式的改写替换，比如Meal times cannot be changed. 可以说成：No changes should be made to meal times.
5.加减关系的逻辑替换，如：Every year he is out of London for 7 months. 也就是说：He is in London for 5 months per year.