The M2010 system differs from the prior M24 Sniper Weapon System in that it fires .300 Winchester Magnum (7.62×67mm) ammunition to provide approximately 50 percent additional effective range relative to the M24's 7.62×51mm NATO. This chambering to dimensionally larger cartridges is possible because the M24 Sniper Weapon System was designed to use the "long action" bolt version of the Remington 700 receiver for cartridges up to 3.34 inches (84.84 mm) in overall length.
The U.S. Army issued three XM2010s to snipers at the United States Army Sniper School on 18 January 2011 and began using the rifle in combat in Afghanistan in March 2011. The XM2010's .300 Win Mag round extends the engagement range over the M24 from 800 meters to 1,200 meters, enhancing lethality and standoff. The Barrett M107 .50 caliber rifle can hit targets past 2,000 meters, but it is accurate to 2.5 MOA, meaning it would hit within a 25 in (640 mm) area at 1,000 meters. This was acceptable for material targets, but not individual personnel. The XM2010 addressed the problem and gave increased range over the M24 but maintained 1 MOA accuracy. Remington had been awarded a $28 million contract on 20 September 2010 to rebuild 3,600 M24 rifles, but only 250 had been ordered to be changed by the time the first XM2010s were fielded. Due to the success of the XM2010, Army officials considered a "pure fleet," meaning all 2,500 Army M24s would be upgraded to XM2010 standard. Snipers in the field learned how to transition to the XM2010 and learn its use, maintenance, and capabilities during a three-day course. After the course, snipers had no difficulty hitting targets out to 1,000 meters from "ridgetop to ridgetop". In addition to the more powerful cartridge, the new optic enhances the rifle's ability to sight a target quickly without needing to do calculations of range estimation. All 250 XM2010 rifles were to be fielded in 8 Brigade Combat Teams by mid-May 2011.
In March 2014, the company TrackingPoint revealed their smart scope was being integrated onto the M2010 sniper rifle. The Army purchased six systems in January 2014 for testing, and the networked scope and guided trigger had been added. The TrackingPoint system includes a computerized scope that marks a selected target, gathers and compensates for external factors, and uses a special trigger that does not pull until the system is sure the bullet will land where intended. TrackingPoint costs between $22,000 and $27,000 to be installed on a bolt-action rifle to achieve hits out to 1,250 yd (1,143 m), though it is not intended to replace sniping skills but be used by soldiers who need to take shots at longer sniping ranges.
According to Remington Arms each rifle is tested to meet (and typically exceeds) the requirement to fire ≤ 1 moa/0.3 mil (less than a 2-inch shot group at 200 yards/ 6 cm at 200 meters) before being released for fielding.
US sniper team train with an unsuppressed M2010, October 2015.
^ a b c d e f g "Remington XM2010". Remington Defense. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
^ a b PEO Soldier (1 October 2010). "Army awards contract for upgraded sniper weapon system". Retrieved 3 October 2010.
^ Fuller, Peter N.; Douglas A. Tamilio (18 May 2010). "Project Manager Soldier Weapons Briefing for NDIA" (PDF). PEO Soldier. United States Army. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
^ a b "New rifles give Army snipers in Afghanistan needed range - USATODAY.com". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ Dan Lamothe (17 January 2011). "Corps fielding new semi-automatic sniper rifle". Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
^ a b c "Sniper's Spring XM2010s Unleashed in Afghanistan by PEO Soldier, "Infantry Bugler" magazine, September 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ "Remington Wins M24E1 Army Sniper Rifle Contract « Daily Bulletin". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ "New 34mm-tube Mark 4 Scope with Horus Reticle for M24E1 « Daily Bulletin". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ "Leupold Optics Mark 4 ER/T 6.5-20×50mm (30mm) M5 Front Focal -". Leupold Optics. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ "Clip-on Sniper Night Sight (Clip-on SNS), AN/PVS-29". PEO SOLDIER LIVE. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ "Equipment Piece of the Week: Clip-on Sniper Night Sight (Clip-on SNS), AN/PVS-30". PEO SOLDIER LIVE. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ Detail Specification Cartridge, .300 Winchester Magnum Match, MK 248 MOD 1 DODIC AB43, NSN 1305-01-568-7504 Revision A 17 March 2009 Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
^ U.S. Navy Small Arms Ammunition Advancements Archived 11 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
^ JBM Ballistics freeware online ballistic calculator Archived 2009-09-26 at the Wayback Machine.
^ News Remington Defense Offers Products to Civilians by Mel Ewing, 21 March 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle.
Ballistic gelatin is a testing medium scientifically correlated to swine muscle tissue, in which the effects of bullet wounds can be simulated. It was developed and improved by Martin Fackler and others in the field of wound ballistics, ballistic gelatin is a solution of gelatin powder in water. Ballistic gelatin closely simulates the density and viscosity of human and animal muscle tissue, and is used as a standardized medium for testing the terminal performance of firearms ammunition. The most commonly used formula is a 10% ballistic gelatin, which is prepared by dissolving 1 part 250 bloom gelatin into 9 parts of warm water, mixing the water while pouring in the powdered gelatin. The older NATO formula specifies a 20% solution, chilled to 10 °C, in either case, a 1988 research paper by Martin Fackler recommends that the water should not be heated above 40 °C, as this can cause a significant change in the ballistic performance. While the exact calibration methods vary slightly, the method used by the INS National Firearms Unit is fairly typical.
The service rifle of a given army or armed force is that which it issues as standard to its soldiers. In modern forces, this is typically a highly versatile and rugged assault rifle, battle rifle or carbine suitable for use in all theatres. These may include urban warfare and jungle warfare environments, most armies have service pistols/side arms. Originally, rifles used in combat were not standard-issue weapons like the service rifles of today. Rifles were for specialist marksmen only, whilst the ordinary infantry were issued less accurate smoothbore muskets which had a rate of fire, with bore diameters as high as 19 mm. By the middle of the 19th century, rifles were becoming more and more common on the battlefield, these combat rifles were single-shot muzzle-loading weapons, but as technology advanced through the 18th and 19th centuries, so too did the technique of loading rounds. By this time almost all prominent armies in the world had some sort of service rifle. During the Second World War, there was yet another leap forward in design which was to influence service rifles even today.
The Modular Sniper Rifle, or MSR, is a bolt-action sniper rifle recently developed and produced by Remington Arms for the United States Army. It was introduced in 2009, and was designed to meet specific United States Army, the MSR won the PSR competition, and is called the Remington Mk 21 Precision Sniper Rifle in U. S. military service. On 7 March 2013, MSR was declared the winner of the Precision Sniper Rifle competition, Remington announced that the MSR had won on March 8, and it was publicly confirmed on March 9. This was followed by a $79.7 million contract for 5,150 rifles with suppressors, the contract was awarded on 12 September 2013. The Remington MSR is a manually operated weapon with a rotary locking bolt. To facilitate caliber change, the bolt is equipped with bolt heads. Bolt heads have three radial locking lugs, the MSR rifle is built upon an aluminum alloy chassis, which hosts a compact receiver, adjustable trigger unit, pistol grip, and fully adjustable side-folding buttstock.
Recoil is the backward movement of a gun when it is discharged. To apply this counter-recoiling force, modern mounted guns may employ recoil buffering comprising springs and hydraulic recoil mechanisms, early cannons used systems of ropes along with rolling or sliding friction to provide forces to slow the recoiling cannon to a stop. Recoil buffering allows the maximum counter-recoil force to be lowered so that strength limitations of the gun mount are not exceeded, the same pressures acting on the base of the projectile are acting on the rear face of the gun chamber, accelerating the gun rearward during firing. This results in the required counter-recoiling force being proportionally lower, modern cannons employ muzzle brakes very effectively to redirect some of the propellant gasses rearward after projectile exit. This provides a force to the barrel, allowing the buffering system. The same physics affecting recoil in mounted guns and cannons applies to hand-held guns, hands and shoulders have considerable strength and elasticity for this purpose, up to certain practical limits.
For this reason, establishing recoil safety standards for small arms remains challenging, a change in momentum of a mass requires a force, according to Newtons first law, known as the law of inertia, inertia simply being another term for mass. That force, applied to a mass, creates an acceleration, according to Newtons second law, the law of momentum -- changing the velocity of the mass changes its momentum. It is important to understand at this point that velocity is not simply speed, velocity is the speed of a mass in a particular direction. In a very technical sense, speed is a scalar, a magnitude, in summation, the total momentum of the system equals zero, surprisingly just as it did before the trigger was pulled. There are two conservation laws at work when a gun is fired, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy, recoil is explained by the law of conservation of momentum, and so it is easier to discuss it separately from energy. The nature of the process is determined by the force of the expanding gases in the barrel upon the gun.
The Turkish Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey. They consist of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, in wartime, they are subordinate to the Army and Navy. The President of Turkey is the overall head. The current Chief of the General staff is General Hulusi Akar, the Chief of the General Staff is the Commander of the Armed Forces. In wartime, he acts as the Commander in Chief on behalf of the President of Turkey, the General Staff coordinates the military relations of the TAF with NATO member states and other friendly nations. The modern history of the army began with its formation after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish military perceived itself as the guardian of Kemalist ideology, the official state ideology, especially of the secular aspects of Kemalism. After becoming a member of NATO on 18 February 1952, Turkey initiated a comprehensive program for its armed forces. The Turkish Army sent troops to fight in Korea, where they played pivotal roles at some points, towards the end of the 1980s, a second restructuring process was initiated.
The Turkish Armed Forces participate in European Union battlegroups under the control of the European Council, the TAF contributes operational staff to the Eurocorps multinational army corps initiative of the EU and NATO. The Turkish Armed Forces collectively rank as the second largest standing military force in NATO, Armed Forces, with an estimated strength in 2015 of 639,551 military and paramilitary personnel. Turkey is one of five NATO member states which are part of the sharing policy of the alliance, together with Belgium, Italy. After the end of World War I, many Ottoman military personnel escaped from Rumelia to Anatolia in order to part in the national movement. Turkey won the War of Independence in 1922, Turkey remained neutral until the final stages of World War II. In the initial stage of World War II, Turkey signed a treaty of assistance with Great Britain. But after the fall of France, the Turkish government tried to maintain a distance with both the Allies and the Axis. After the German-Soviet War broke out, the Turkish government sent a delegation of observers under Lieutenant General Ali Fuat Erden to the German Eastern Front.
Advanced Armament Corporation or AAC is an American company that develops and manufactures firearms, firearm silencers, muzzle devices and related accessories. Under Brittinghams direction, AAC grew to be one of the largest silencer manufacturers in the U. S. including a number of military contracts. Of note, one of AACs chief silencer designers is Robert Silvers, in 2009, Brittingham sold the company to Remington Arms. Robert Silvers remained at the company as a leader of research, in early 2015 AAC moved locations from Lawrenceville, GA to a new, state of the art facility located in Huntsville, AL. The company produces numerous lifestyle products related to AAC and/or the NFA firearms community, including T-shirts, stickers, AACs silencer lineup includes models suitable for virtually every firearm caliber between.22 Long Rifle and.50 BMG. Rimfire models include the Avaitor2, and Element2, centerfire rifle suppressors include the M4-2000, 762-SDN-6, SR series as well as the Cyclone, and others.
The companys Titan-QD Fast-Attach suppressor is used on the US Armys M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle, the suppressor eliminates 98 percent of muzzle flash,60 percent of recoil, and reduces sound by 32 decibels. Element 2, The Element is a premium thread-on silencer for handguns and rifles chambered in.17 HMR.22 LR, aviator 2, All aluminum thread-on silencer for handguns and rifles chambered in.22 LR that is user serviceable. Dragonfly, The Dragonfly is an integrally suppressed Ruger MK II pistol, The Phoenix is an integrally suppressed Ruger 10/22 rifle.45 ACP caliber pistols that is made from Titanium. Short versions were manufactured using an S suffix in the model names, M4-2000 designed for use with firearms chambered for 5. 56×45mm NATO/.223 Remington. 762-SDN-6 Fast attach 7.62 silencer optimized for the 300 AAC Blackout cartridge, in 2011, AAC was awarded a $14,201,731 contract for the muzzle brakes that they produce known as the Brakeout. This contract was procured via the Navy Electronic Commerce and Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division, in 2016 the BlastOut gives users the ability to redirect muzzle blast forward when shooting unsuppressed.
A muzzle brake or recoil compensator is a device connected to the muzzle of a firearm or cannon that redirects propellant gases to counter recoil and unwanted rising of the barrel during rapid fire. They have been used in forms for rifles and pistols to help control recoil. They are used on pistols for practical pistol competitions, and are usually called compensators in this context, the interchangeable terms muzzle rise, muzzle flip, or muzzle climb refer to the tendency of a handheld firearms front end to rise after firing. Firearms with less height from the line to the barrel centerline tend to experience less muzzle rise. The muzzle rises primarily because, for most firearms, the centerline of the barrel is above the center of contact between the shooter and the grip and stock. The reactive forces from the bullet and propellant gases exiting the muzzle act directly down the centerline of the barrel. If that line of force is above the center of the points, this creates a moment or torque rotational force that makes the firearm rotate.
The M1946 Sieg automatic rifle had a muzzle brake that made the rifle climb downward. Muzzle brakes are simple in concept, such as the one employed on the 90 mm M3 gun used on the M47 Patton tank and this consists of a small length of tubing mounted at right angles to the end of the barrel. Brakes most often utilize slots, holes, the strategy of a muzzle brake is to redirect and control the burst of combustion gases that follows the departure of a projectile. All muzzle brake designs share a basic principle, they partially divert combustion gases at a sideways angle. The momentum of the diverted gases thus does not add to the recoil, the angle toward which the gases are directed will fundamentally affect how the brake behaves. If gases are directed upward, they exert a downward force. Construction of a brake or compensator can be as simple as a diagonal cut at the muzzle end of the barrel to direct some of the escaping gas upward. On the AKM assault rifle, the brake angles slightly to the right to counteract the movement of the rifle under recoil.
A milliradian, often called a mil or mrad, is an SI derived unit for angular measurement which is defined as a thousandth of a radian. Mils are used in adjustment of firearm sights by adjusting the angle of the sight compared to the barrel, Mils are used for comparing shot groupings, or to compare the difficulty of hitting different sized targets at different distances. Using optics with mil markings in the one can make a range estimation of a known size target, or vice versa to determine a target size if the distance is known. In such applications it is useful to use a unit for target size that is a thousandth of the unit for range, for instance by using the metric units millimeters for target size and meters for range. This coincides with the definition of the milliradian where the arc length is defined as 1/1000 of the radius, a common adjustment value in firearm sights is 1 cm at 100 meters which equals 10 mm/100 m = 1/10 mil. The true definition of a milliradian is based on a circle with a radius of one.
There are other definitions used for mapping and artillery which are rounded to more easily be divided into smaller parts. The milliradian was first used in the mid nineteenth century by Charles-Marc Dapples and minutes were the usual units of angular measurement but others were being proposed, with grads under various names having considerable popularity in much of northern Europe. However, Imperial Russia used a different approach, dividing a circle into equilateral triangles, around the time of the start of World War I, France was experimenting with the use of milliemes for use with artillery sights instead of decigrades. The United Kingdom was trialing them to replace degrees and minutes and they were adopted by France although decigrades remained in use throughout World War I. The United States, which copied many French artillery practices, adopted mils, before 2007 the Swedish defence forces used streck which is closer to the milliradian but changed to NATO mils. After the Bolshevik Revolution and the adoption of the system of measurement the Red Army expanded the 600 unit circle into a 6000 mil one.
A handgun is a firearm designed to be handheld, in either one or both hands. This characteristic differentiates handguns as a class of firearms from long guns such as rifles. Major handgun subtypes are the revolver and pistol, other subtypes include derringers, the words pistol and handgun have overlapping variations, in meaning. Although handgun use often includes bracing with a hand, the essential distinguishing characteristic of a handgun is its facility for one-handed operation. The word pistol is often synonymous with the word handgun, some handgun experts make a technical distinction that views pistols as a subset of handguns. But UK/Commonwealth usage often does not make this distinction, handheld firearms were first made in China where gunpowder was first developed. By the 14th century, they existed in Europe as well, the first handheld firearms that might better be called pistols were made as early as the 15th century, but their creator is unknown. By the 18th century, the term came to be used often to refer to handheld firearms, previously there had been no such differentiation, and in fact Samuel Colts original patent was for a revolving-breech pistol.
There is no equivalent for handgun in the Romance languages. The general types of handguns are listed below in their order of historical appearance, each type can be classified into many sub-types. Some of these types can be classified using the general distinction between muzzle-loading firearms and breech-loading firearms. Single-shot pistols are the simplest possible form of pistols and are known to have existed in AD1365, the earliest handguns were single-shot, muzzle-loading guns with ignition provided by inserting a smoldering match cord into a touch hole. As such, they were nothing more than miniature cannon. Improvements followed in subsequent centuries, as types of locks were invented. In the matchlock, the separate match cord was affixed to a pivot which could be tripped by a trigger. In the wheellock, an analogous to that used in todays cigarette lighters replaced the smoldering match cord. In the 17th century, the flintlock, which strikes a flint against steel, the flintlock remained the standard method of small arms ignition around two hundred years.
The muzzle brake of the 105mm main gun on an AMX 10 RC armored car.
View through a 4× rifle scope.
Leupold and Stevens Mark 6 scope with variable magnification X3-X18, mounted on a M24 SWS.
The PSO-1 reticle in a Dragunov sniper rifle has 10 horizontal lines with 1-mil spacing, which can be used to compensate for wind drift, impact correction or range estimation.
The Palais de Rumine, one of the former buildings of the University of Lausanne.
Mildot chart as used by snipers.
Estimating range using the hands on an extended arm as a reference for the angular size in mils.