The disposable income of households grew in the second quarter of 2017 by 0.9 per cent (around EUR 300 million) compared to the corresponding quarter in 2016. The key components of disposable income on the income side are wages and salaries received, entrepreneurial income and property income, and social benefits received. The biggest expense items are taxes paid and social contributions.
Compared to the figures one year ago, disposable income grew mainly due to a growth of EUR 0.4 billion in wages and salaries, EUR 0.1 billion in social benefits received, and an estimated increase of around EUR 0.1 billion in entrepreneurial income, while dividend income diminished by about EUR 0.2 billion from one year back. Of actual expenses, income taxes paid grew by nearly EUR 0.2 billion, while no significant changes took place in the other expense items compared to the corresponding quarter of the previous year. Interest income decreased further, but interest expenses grew slightly. Consumption expenditure increased by close on EUR 700 million compared with the corresponding quarter last year.
When received social benefits in kind are added to the disposable income of households, the household adjusted disposable income is derived, which is the indicator recommended by the OECD for measuring economic well-being. Social benefits in kind refer to education, health and social services produced by general government and non-profit institutions serving households. In the second quarter of 2017, adjusted disposable income grew at current prices by 1.1 per cent and adjusted for price changes by 1.0 per cent from the corresponding quarter of the year before. The volume indicator describing the development of adjusted disposable income adjusted for price changes can be found in Appendix table 3 of this publication.
Households' seasonally adjusted saving rate was -2.2 per cent in the second quarter of 2017. In the previous quarter, the saving rate stood at -1.3 per cent. The saving rate is derived by deducting consumption expenditure from disposable income. The saving rate is negative if households' consumption expenditure is higher than their disposable income. Households' seasonally adjusted investment rate was 12.5 per cent of disposable income in the second quarter of 2017, which was nearly the same as the corresponding data of the previous quarter (12.2%). Most of households' investments were investments in dwellings.
Compensation of employees paid by non-profit institutions serving households decreased by close on two per cent compared with the quarter of one year ago.
In these statistics, the households sector covers only the actual households sector S14. Sector S15, non-profit institutions serving households, is calculated and published separately. In Eurostat’s publication, the households sector also includes the data for sector S15. Another difference to Eurostat's publication is in how consumption of fixed capital is taken into account. Eurostat publishes investment and saving rates as gross figures, i.e. including consumption of fixed capital. Net data are used in these statistics, that is, when consumption of fixed capital is taken into account, saving and investment rates decrease.
In the second quarter of 2017, the seasonally adjusted profit share of non-financial corporations remained unchanged at 28.9 per cent. The profit share refers to the share of the operating surplus in value added. The profit share remained unchanged, when both the value added of the non-financial corporations sector and paid compensation of employees grew slightly. The investment rate of non-financial corporations, or the proportion of fixed capital investments in value added, grew by 0.3 percentage points from the previous quarter to 28.8 per cent.
The sector's value added grew in the second quarter of the year by six per cent from the corresponding quarter of the previous year as output went up by around three per cent and intermediate consumption increased by under one per cent. Due to international group changes in the sector, the operating surplus describing profits in the sector grew significantly and was EUR 570 million. Value added and operating surplus describe the income that is generated from providing financial services to the public. They do not include property income or holding gains of securities.
In April to June 2017, consolidated total general government revenue grew by EUR 1,060 million from the respective quarter of the previous year. Consolidated expenditure decreased by EUR 260 million. The difference between revenue and expenditure, that is, the deficit (net borrowing) of general government improved by EUR 1320 million. Of the sub-sectors, particularly the financial position of central government improved clearly, while the financial position of local government weakened slightly. The financial position of social security funds improved to some degree. General government is comprised of central government, local government and social security funds. Consolidated total revenue and expenditure are figures in which flows between the general government sub-sectors have been eliminated. More detailed statistics, where the sub-sectors are specified, are published in the quarterly sector accounts of general government: Quarterly non-financial accounts for general government.
Exports of goods at current prices from Finland to abroad amounted to EUR 15.5 billion in the second quarter of 2017. Exports of goods increased by EUR 1.7 billion or 12.6 per cent from the respective quarter of the year before. Exports of services amounted to EUR 6.2 billion, which was EUR 0.5 billion more than one year ago. Imports of goods to Finland at current prices were EUR 14.7 billion. Compared to one year ago, the value of imports of goods increased by EUR 1.4 billion (10.6 per cent). Imports of services amounted to EUR 6.7 billion, which was 1.6 per cent more than one year ago.
The balance of goods and services showed a surplus of EUR 0.3 billion in the second quarter of 2017. Property income paid abroad was around EUR 0.9 billion higher than property income received from abroad. Property income includes such as dividends and interests. Current transfers paid abroad from Finland increased compared with the quarter last year. The most significant current transfer item is the GNI payment paid by the state to the EU, which may vary by quarter due to technical recording reasons.
The current account showed a deficit of EUR 1.1 billion in the second quarter of 2017, while one year ago, the deficit was EUR 1.8 billion.
The quarterly data become revised as source data are updated. The biggest revisions will take place for the last two to three years, because the data in the annual accounts are still preliminary. Examined by quarter, the biggest revisions occur in the release for the second quarter at the turn of September and October and in the release for the fourth quarter at the turn of March and April. These revisions are caused by updated annual national accounts data. The data in the publication are based on the data sources available by 18 September 2017. The data for 1999 to 2016 mainly correspond with the annual sector accounts of the national accounts, although the updating of source data may cause differences to the previous annual accounts release.
The volume indicator, measuring the development of households' adjusted disposable income, adjusted for price changes and its change percentages can be found in Appendix table 3 of this publication. This volume index is calculated using the price data of the statistics on quarterly national accounts, with which the components of adjusted disposable income are deflated. Households' disposable income is deflated with the implicit price index of household consumption expenditure. Price data are also available for the consumption of non-profit institutions serving households. As a methodological shortcoming, general government individual consumption expenditure has to be deflated with the total general government consumption expenditure for lack of more accurate data. The volume time series was formed with the annual overlap method.
ISSN=2243-4992. 2nd quarter 2017, Sector-specific review on the data for the second quarter of 2017 . Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 25.4.2019].