Abstract
 Introduction
The Fototest is a brief cognitive test suitable for illiterate persons, and valid and accurate for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia. Our aim was to conclude the development of this instrument carrying out a normative and reliability study. Method
The normative study was performed on a convenience sample of 223 healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 85 years.
Normative and reliability study of fototest
 
  Keywords
 
 
  
   Screening Test
  
 
 
  
   Test cognitive short
  
 
 
  
   Fototest
  
 
 
  
   Interobserver reliability
  
 
 
  
   Test-retest reliability
  
 
 
  
   Test of the photos
  
 
 
  
   Standardization
  
 
Abstract
 Introduction
The Fototest is a brief cognitive test suitable for illiterate persons, and valid and accurate for detecting <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> or <dis>dementia</dis>.
Our aim was to conclude the development of this instrument carrying out a normative and reliability study.
Method
The normative study was performed on a convenience sample of 223 healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 85 years.
The test-retest reliability was assessed through a repeated-measures cross-sectional design on a sample of 50 subjects <scp>with <neg>no</neg> <dis>cognitive impairment</dis></scp>; the inter-rater reliability was determined by the blind assessment of 10 test applications performed by 30 independent observers; in both instances, reliability was expressed as intra- class correlation coefficient.
Internal consistency was analysed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Results
The results on the Fototest are normally distributed and are not influenced by gender or educational level but they do vary with age.
The test-retest reliability of the Fototest was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93); the inter-rater reliability, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99); and the internal consistency, 0.94.
Conclusions
The Fototest is free from educational influence and shows appropriate test- retest and inter-rater reliabilities, as well as a high internal consistency.
Therefore, it is a suitable psychometric instrument to be used in the follow- up of patients with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> or <dis>dementia</dis>, especially in contexts where evaluators are not the same on different occasions, or with patients of low educational level.
Abstract
 Introduction
The Fototest is a brief cognitive test suitable for illiterate persons, and valid and accurate for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia.
Our aim was to conclude the development of this instrument carrying out a normative and reliability study.
Method
The normative study was performed on a convenience sample of 223 healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 85 years.
The test-retest reliability was assessed through a repeated-measures cross-sectional design on a sample of 50 subjects with no cognitive impairment; the inter-rater reliability was determined by the blind assessment of 10 test applications performed by 30 independent observers; in both instances, reliability was expressed as intra- class correlation coefficient.
Internal consistency was analysed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Results
The results on the Fototest are normally distributed and are not influenced by gender or educational level but they do vary with age.
The test-retest reliability of the Fototest was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93); the inter-rater reliability, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99); and the internal consistency, 0.94.
Conclusions
The Fototest is free from educational influence and shows appropriate test- retest and inter-rater reliabilities, as well as a high internal consistency.
Therefore, it is a suitable psychometric instrument to be used in the follow- up of patients with cognitive impairment or dementia, especially in contexts where evaluators are not the same on different occasions, or with patients of low educational level.
Abstract
 Introduction
The Fototest is a brief cognitive test suitable for illiterate persons, and valid and accurate for detecting <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> or <dis>dementia</dis>. Our aim was to conclude the development of this instrument carrying out a normative and reliability study. Method
The normative study was performed on a convenience sample of 223 healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 85 years.
cognitive impairment
DISABILITY
dementia
DISABILITY