Results
Siblings of patients with ADHD have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, ADHD prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%.
Risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Other Psychiatric Disorders in Siblings of ADHD Probands
 
  Keywords
 
 
  
   Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  
 
 
  
   Siblings
  
 
 
  
   Risk
  
 
 
  
   Comorbidity
  
 
 
  
   First-degree relatives
  
 
Introduction
<dis>Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. 
It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. 
The study of siblings of <dis>ADHD</dis> probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors.
Methods
This is a narrative literature review. 
A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits.
Results
Siblings of patients with <dis>ADHD</dis> have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. 
Among these siblings, <dis>ADHD</dis> prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. 
Siblings with <dis>ADHD</dis> and those <scp><neg>without</neg> <dis>ADHD</dis></scp> have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
Conclusions
Siblings of people with <dis>ADHD</dis> have an increased risk of having the same disorder. 
The risk of having another <dis>psychiatric disorder</dis> markedly increases when the sibling also presents <dis>ADHD</dis>; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.
Introduction
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. 
It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. 
The study of siblings of ADHD probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors.
Methods
This is a narrative literature review. 
A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits.
Results
Siblings of patients with ADHD have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. 
Among these siblings, ADHD prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. 
Siblings with ADHD and those without ADHD have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
Conclusions
Siblings of people with ADHD have an increased risk of having the same disorder. 
The risk of having another psychiatric disorder markedly increases when the sibling also presents ADHD; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.
Results
Siblings of patients with <dis>ADHD</dis> have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, <dis>ADHD</dis> prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%.
ADHD
DISABILITY
ADHD
DISABILITY