Passage 1:
Pieces of a Woman
Pieces of a Woman is a 2020 drama film directed by Kornél Mundruczó, from a screenplay by Kata Wéber. The film stars Vanessa Kirby, Shia LaBeouf, Molly Parker, Sarah Snook, Iliza Shlesinger, Benny Safdie, Jimmie Fails, and Ellen Burstyn as the family and associates of Martha (Kirby) involved in her traumatic childbirth, baby loss, and a subsequent court case against the midwife, Eva (Parker), whom Martha's mother Elizabeth (Burstyn) blames for the baby's death. Martin Scorsese and Sam Levinson served as executive producers, and the film was scored by Howard Shore.
An international co-production of the United States and Canada, the film is partly based on Mundruczó and Wéber's stage play of the same name and explores themes of grief and loss. It premiered on September 4, 2020, at the 77th Venice International Film Festival, where Kirby won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress. It was released in select theaters on December 30, 2020, before beginning to digitally stream on Netflix on January 7, 2021, and became noted for its long take childbirth scene at the start of the film.
The film received generally positive reviews, with praise for the actors, particularly Kirby, though elements of the plot were criticized. For her performance, Kirby received Academy Award, BAFTA, SAG, Critics' Choice, and Golden Globe nominations.

Plot
Martha and Sean, a young Boston couple, are expecting their first child. Sean resents Martha's mother Elizabeth, a wealthy Holocaust survivor, who is buying them a minivan.
Martha goes into labor at their home and Sean calls their midwife Barbara, who is unavailable and sends another midwife named Eva in her place. Martha struggles with nausea and pain during contractions and, when she reaches ten centimeters, Eva realizes the baby's heart rate has dropped dangerously low. Sean asks Eva if they are safe to continue and Eva tells Sean to call an ambulance. Martha soon gives birth to a baby girl who at first seems healthy. Eva then notices the baby is turning blue and attempts to revive her, but she goes into cardiac arrest and dies.
The following month, Martha and Sean attend an appointment with a coroner; Sean is eager to find out what went wrong, while Martha is reluctant. They learn the cause of death has not yet been established but are told they were able to determine that the baby was in a low-oxygen environment and start proceedings against Eva. Sean leaves, overcome with emotion, while Martha remains and decides that she wants to donate the baby's body to science.
The relationship between Martha and Sean continues to be strained, as is Martha's relationship with her mother, who wants to bury the baby and have a funeral. Both Martha and Sean remain deeply depressed. Sean returns the car that Elizabeth bought for them. He later has sex with Martha's cousin, Suzanne, and uses cocaine after being sober for almost seven years. Suzanne, who is also the attorney prosecuting Eva, informs him that a potential lawsuit against Eva could be very lucrative.
At a tense family gathering at her home, Elizabeth tells Martha that she has to attend Eva's trial and blames Martha for her baby's death because she decided to have a home birth. Elizabeth then tells Sean that she never liked him before offering him a check for a large sum of money to leave and never return. Martha drops Sean off at Logan International Airport and he leaves for Seattle.
Months later, Martha testifies at Eva's trial. After her testimony, the judge allows her to address the court, and she states that Eva is not at fault for the death and that she does not blame her. Back home, she discovers that the apple seeds she stored in her refrigerator have started to sprout. A month later, Martha scatters her daughter's ashes into the river from the bridge that Sean helped to build.
Years later, a little girl climbs an apple tree, picks an apple, and eats it. Martha calls her name, Lucianna, then helps her down. The two go inside together.

Cast
Production
Play
The play Pieces of a Woman was created by Kornél Mundruczó and Kata Wéber, a couple who experienced miscarriage during pregnancy. The couple did not initially talk about their experience or process their grief, but Mundruczó read a scene written in Wéber's notebook depicting a woman and her mother debate child loss and felt that it needed exploration. Wéber, who had already titled the scene "Pieces of a Woman", became the playwright after Mundruczó encouraged her to make a "family drama" from the scene; the play was originally performed at TR Warszawa in Warsaw, Poland. Following (Polish) Maja, her senile mother, and her Norwegian husband, the play contained two scenes: the childbirth and a family dinner in the aftermath. For BroadwayWorld, Filip Piotrowicz wrote that the scenes being performed in real time with real props (including a working oven and food being cooked inside) felt both like a film and classic theatrical form. The birth scene was multimedia, with the performance being recorded by a camera freely roaming the stage and live-streamed on screens in the theater, and other screens showing ultrasound scans of the fetus.

Development and themes
The film Pieces of a Woman was announced to be in production in October 2019, with Mundruczó directing from a screenplay by Wéber. It is based on their play, and also incorporates fictionalized aspects of the trial of Hungarian midwife Ágnes Geréb. Wéber consulted with psychiatrists and other women who had lost babies while writing the film. In developing the play for the screen, Mundruczó chose to set it in Boston, thinking the city's historic Irish Catholic culture was a good translation of the conservative Polish society of the original. It is his first film in the English language. Wéber submitted the script to the Hungarian National Film Fund but did not get support; Aaron Ryder read the script and showed it to producers Ashley Levinson and Kevin Turen, who took it on. Sam Levinson and Martin Scorsese, among others, served as executive producers on the film; Scorsese, who was shown the film by composer Howard Shore prior to its release, boarded after the film was complete, hoping to help its distribution as Mundruczó and Wéber were unknown filmmakers. Supporting actress Ellen Burstyn, who was directed by Scorsese in Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore, said that he "picked up on things [about Pieces of a Woman] that [she] never heard anybody else pick up on. And he has such an appreciation of the art of moviemaking that you feel seen."The film explores themes of trauma, which Dr. Lipi Roy writing for Forbes found relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic when it was released; Mundruczó and lead actress Vanessa Kirby both also commented that the loss in the film can speak to people who have been bereaved in the pandemic, and Wéber spoke of the relevance of the isolation and inability to talk about feelings that Martha experiences. Kirby has described the film as "almost a character study on grief" that also explores intergenerational trauma. In the film, Martha's family are all physically present but not emotionally available to her, and they each find different ways to process their loss, according to Roy. Midwives speaking with NOW also noted that films exploring grief often do so by presenting it as a bonding experience, while Pieces of a Woman focused on the differences. Renaldo Matadeen of CBR compared the film's exploration of grief to that of Marriage Story, though he felt that Pieces of a Woman did not explore the shared grief Martha and Sean experience. Also for NOW, Kevin Ritchie noted that the film shifts focus on themes throughout, featuring class tensions at the start and, at the end, focusing on generational divides and present baggage of Holocaust survival. The New Yorker's Anthony Lane wrote that the film "amounts to a set of variations on the theme of winter", reflected in its little-changing Boston setting; similarly, Lee Marshall of Screen International opined that the wintry setting and its "oppressive" Gothic Revival architecture helped to inform the themes of the film.

Casting
The first person to be cast was Shia LaBeouf as Sean. He was followed shortly by Vanessa Kirby, playing Martha, who had been shown the script by Sam Levinson; she had met with the Levinsons and told them she wanted to make a film like A Woman Under the Influence. Mundruczó was a fan of The Crown and wanted to cast Kirby after watching her as Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon and thinking her performance resembled Claudia Cardinale and Catherine Deneuve. He also wanted to work with Kirby at this point in her career, "Where all of the skills are already there, but the fear is not [...] When you are very established, you are more and more careful." Though Kirby was considered a frontrunner in discussions for the role, the production had been turned down by bigger names before Kirby was shown the script; the day after she read it, she flew to Budapest and they had a two-hour meeting with Mundruczó. Asked about this, Kirby said that she "just loved the script ... You just know when you know".Kirby and LaBeouf were revealed as the lead roles when the film was announced in October 2019. Kirby spoke with women who had experienced baby loss to prepare for her role, and prepared extensively for her performance of labor in the opening scene. She had not given birth herself and was concerned about realism; she first watched childbirth documentaries but felt these were too edited and so she wrote to obstetricians and was invited by one, Claire Mellon, to observe on a labor ward, including being allowed to witness a birth, which she told NPR she would not have been able to perform in the film without.In December 2019, Jimmie Fails, Ellen Burstyn, Molly Parker and Iliza Shlesinger joined the cast of the film, followed by Sarah Snook and Benny Safdie in January 2020. Burstyn said getting cast in the film felt like "a win-win-win situation", as she was able to work with Mundruczó, whose White God Burstyn enjoyed, and Kirby, whose The Crown performance Burstyn had been impressed by; Kirby was also excited to work with Burstyn.

Filming
Principal photography began on December 3, 2019, in Montreal, Canada, and lasted until the end of January 2020.The film is noted for its 24-minute long take labor scene at the start, dubbed "The Scene" by The Guardian's Adrian Horton and described as "one of the most controversial scenes of the year" by Entertainment Weekly. Writer Wéber did not anticipate a one-shot take, which Mundruczó planned from the start, though knew she wanted all the details present. Mundruczó began the scene with Martha's first pains and ended with the arrival of an ambulance "because [they didn't] want to show exactly what's happening", wanting to leave the audience having only seen the baby alive while creating suspense. As the director, Mundruczó wanted the actors to make their own performance choices in the scene; there were no marks to hit, LaBeouf came up with the bad jokes used himself, and the production team would not show the cast any of the stage performance so as not to influence them. Kirby told Empire that the cast "had a map of where to be, and then [they would] freefall and see what happened." Three crewmembers were used for the scene: director of photography Benjamin Loeb, acting as camera operator upon Mundruczó's request, and two boom operators. A birthing coach, Elan McAllister, had also been brought to the set to assist Kirby and LaBeouf. Loeb chose to shoot the scene with a gimbal as he wanted a "floaty" quality to the scene to represent the baby's perspective and felt that using a hand-held camera would make it look too much like a documentary; he also explained the smooth gimbal movement made the scene easier to physically watch, which was something Mundruczó wanted in order to compensate for the potentially-divisive subject matter. Loeb physically trained beforehand so that he would have the strength to carry a gimbal-loaded camera for the whole take, though the shoot still negatively affected his health.
The scene was filmed six times over two days, four times on one day and twice the next, with one camera; it was the first scene shot for the film and took up over 30 pages in the script. The choice to use a single take stemmed from the scene in the play and its inclusion of live video. Loeb said that they "wanted to make sure that the sequence felt like it was presented as a long-winded breath in some ways". The fourth of the six takes was used; though less technically accurate than the takes on the second day, Mundruczó felt it was more alive. Kirby was glad to be filming the scene in one take, which, while intimidating, meant that she kept the same energy throughout; she said filming the scene was like performing on stage, and that it was "the best film experience of [her] life", though it took a long time to come down from the emotions she went through in making it. To stay in the emotional place between scenes, Kirby listened to a playlist of songs about expectancy and birth.Set within the couple's apartment, the scene was filmed in a real house. It had large archways that allowed Loeb and the cast movement – Kirby was encouraged to make use of the space if she wanted to – except for the bathroom door; Mundruczó initially wanted to pass in and out of the bathroom three times but this was reduced to once to limit the possibility of the shot being ruined. He had chosen the house because it had the same layout as the set design of their play. Before shooting, one practice run was taken; filmed on Loeb's phone, the practice took 38 minutes. Mundruczó did not do another practice, telling Vulture that "if you are very choreographed, then the whole shot can be really cold and calculated, [and] when you don't fix anything, it [can] become a Dogme style of shaking camera." A real baby was used in the scene, with a CGI umbilical cord; the baby was held by its mother just outside the apartment and brought in off-camera for the moment of birth. Mundruczó and Kirby both felt the real baby was integral to the film. Other realism was achieved in the scene: partway through the scene, Sean frantically searches for a phone to call 9-1-1, and in about half of the takes, including the final cut, LaBeouf really struggled to remember where the prop was placed.Richard Brody of The New Yorker described the scene as a "mere stunt", saying that it is emotionally empty until the last moments and its significance to the rest of the film is an "ultimately pointless symbolic function: as evidence." Vulture's Hillary Kelly instead felt that the scene "is a technical trick, but an emotional lever, too, a reminder that labor is a process you cannot wriggle out of once it has begun."

Music
Howard Shore composed the film's score. The opening piece of the film is a previously released Shore track, the second movement of his Ruin and Memory piano concerto performed by Lang Lang. The movement is ten minutes long and reflects the action of the film's 24-minute opening scene; following this, the music becomes "gradually thornier" as the story progresses, at times displaying discomfort. Much of the score comprises piano pieces, as well as featuring celesta and oboe, and was said by Maddy Shaw Roberts of Classic FM to guide the audience "through the story in a contemplative, dreamlike manner, accompanying Martha's reckoning". Shore became involved after he was introduced to Mundruczó by mutual friend Robert Lantos, and the pair collaborated due to Mundruczó's opera background; Mundruczó wanted a score that was classical. They began working on the music during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, collaborating remotely with Shore in New York, Mundruczó in Budapest, and the musicians at Teldex Studio in Germany.Shore wanted to express the perspectives of Martha and of her child through his music, showing both grief and hope. Though he does not have a theme, Sean is often represented with darker music. The themes representing Martha and the baby recur throughout the film, including the baby's theme playing while Martha solemnly watches other children, and pieces of Ruin and Memory are repurposed in other parts of the score. At the end of the film, a new melody, which was "partly improvised" by Holger Groschopp, is used to represent Martha moving on.The soundtrack was released digitally by Decca Records on January 8, 2021. Reviewers criticized the score as "intrusive".

Release
The film had its world premiere at the 77th Venice International Film Festival in official competition on September 4, 2020, and had its North American premiere at TIFF Bell Lightbox during the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) shortly afterward. On September 12, Netflix acquired worldwide distribution rights to the film at TIFF. Mundruczó was happy to sell to Netflix, saying their appreciation of independent filmmakers is comparable to United Artists in the 1970s.A trailer was released in November 2020, and the film opened in select theaters on December 30, 2020, before beginning to digitally stream on Netflix on January 7, 2021. Upon its digital release, it was the most-watched film over its first three days of release, and finished second overall in its debut weekend.

Reception
Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 75% based on 238 reviews, with an average rating of 6.8/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Pieces of a Woman struggles to maintain momentum after a stunning opening act, but Vanessa Kirby's performance makes the end result a poignant portrait of grief." On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Pippa Vosper of Vogue, who had lost a child in a similar way to Martha in the film, said that Kirby played Martha "with unnerving accuracy" and was pleased that the film did not shy away from the harsher realities of baby loss. The Evening Standard's Charlotte O'Sullivan also praised Mundruczó for treating Martha's extended grief with compassion. Horton critiqued that the film centered on Martha's trauma rather than Martha herself, which he found frustrating, though he highly praised Kirby's performance, as did other reviewers. Empire's Terri White and Entertainment Weekly's Leah Greenblatt also praised LaBeouf's performance.Xan Brooks of The Guardian wrote that the film was an "acting masterclass" but felt too staged; colleague Peter Bradshaw agreed on the acting talent but felt that, besides the birth scene and the ending, the film comprises "a lot of frankly inauthentic, silly and jarring plot points". The Hollywood Reporter's David Rooney opined that while Kirby's performance is "the movie's shattered core", the film was undermined by a "pedestrian" courtroom speech and awkwardly upbeat ending. Rooney, O'Sullivan, and Justin Chang for NPR were critical of simplistic metaphors and melodrama.

Accolades
Distributor Netflix initially campaigned for Kirby, LaBeouf, Burstyn, Mundruczó, Wéber, Safdie, Fails, and Snook for awards contention in acting, directing, and writing categories, but removed LaBeouf from their publicity after assault allegations were made against him by former girlfriend FKA Twigs in late 2020 to maintain focus on the film and its significance.
Passage 2:
Claude Weisz
Claude Weisz is a French film director born in Paris.

Filmography
Feature films
Une saison dans la vie d'Emmanuel (1972) with Germaine Montéro, Lucien Raimbourg, Florence Giorgetti, Jean-François Delacour, Hélène Darche, Manuel Pinto, etc.Festival de Cannes 1973 - Quinzaine des réalisateurs
Jury Prize: Festival Jeune Cinéma 1973

La Chanson du mal aimé (1981) with Rufus, Daniel Mesguich, Christine Boisson, Věra Galatíková, Mark Burns, Philippe Clévenot, Dominique Pinon, Madelon Violla, Paloma Matta, Béatrice Bruno, Catherine Belkhodja, Véronique Leblanc, Philippe Avron, Albert Delpy, etc.Festival de Cannes 1982 - Perspectives du cinéma français
Competition selections: Valencia, Valladolid, Istanbul, Montréal

On l'appelait... le Roi Laid (1987) with Yilmaz Güney (mockumentary)Valencia Festival 1988 - Grand Prix for documentaries "Laurel Wreath"
Competition selections: Rotterdam, Valladolid, Strasbourg, Nyon, Cannes, Lyon, Cairo

Paula et Paulette, ma mère (2005) Documentary - Straight to DVD

Short and mid-length
La Grande Grève (1963 - Co-directed CAS collective, IDHEC)
L'Inconnue (1966 - with Paloma Matta and Gérard Blain - Prix CNC Hyères, Sidney)
Un village au Québec
Montréal
Deux aspects du Canada (1969)
La Hongrie, vers quel socialisme ? (1975 - Nominated for best documentary - Césars 1976)
Tibor Déry, portrait d'un écrivain hongrois (1977)
L'huître boudeuse
Ancienne maison Godin ou le familistère de Guise (1977)
Passementiers et Rubaniers
Le quinzième mois
C'était la dernière année de ma vie (1984 - FIPRESCI Prize- Festival Oberhausen 1985 - Nomination - Césars 1986)
Nous aimons tant le cinéma (Film of the European year of cinema - Delphes 1988)
Participation jusqu'en 1978 à la réalisation de films "militants"

Television
Series of seven dramas in German
Numerous documentary and docu-soap type films (TVS CNDP)
Initiation à la vie économique (TV series - RTS promotion)
Contemplatives... et femmes (TF1 - 1976)
Suzel Sabatier (FR3)
Un autre Or Noir (FR3)
Vivre en Géorgie
Portrait d'une génération pour l'an 2000 (France 5 - 2000)
Femmes de peine, femmes de coeur (FR3 - 2003)

Television documentaries
La porte de Sarp est ouverte (1998)
Une histoire balbynienne (2002)
Tamara, une vie de Moscou à Port-au-Prince (unfinished)
Hana et Khaman (unfinished)
En compagnie d'Albert Memmi (unfinished)
Le Lucernaire, une passion de théâtre
Les quatre saisons de la Taillade ou une ferme l'autre
Histoire du peuple kurde (in development)
Les kurdes de Bourg-Lastic (2008)
Réalisation de films institutionnels et industriels
Passage 3:
Heinz Paul
Heinz Paul (13 August 1893 – 14 March 1983) was a German screenwriter, film producer and director. He was married to the actress Hella Moja.

Selected filmography
Director
The Street of Forgetting (1923)
The Dice Game of Life (1925)
Department Store Princess (1926)
U-9 Weddigen (1927)
The False Prince (1927)
The Carousel of Death  (1928)
The Woman of Yesterday and Tomorrow (1928)
Marriage in Name Only (1930)
The Love Market (1930)
Namensheirat (1930)
Student Life in Merry Springtime (1931)
The Other Side (1931)
Circus Life (1931)
Tannenberg (1932)
Trenck (1932)
Marschall Vorwärts (1932)
William Tell (1934)
The Four Musketeers (1934)
Miracle of Flight (1935)
Paul and Pauline (1936)
Hilde and the Volkswagen (1936)
Comrades at Sea (1938)
Come Back to Me (1944)
Good Fortune in Ohio (1950)
Operation Edelweiss (1954)
Marriages Forbidden (1957)
The Elephant in a China Shop (1958)
Hula-Hopp, Conny (1959)
Oriental Nights (1960)

Producer
The Castle in the South (1933)

Screenwriter
Countess Walewska (1920)

Bibliography
Kester, Bernadette. Film Front Weimar: Representations of the First World War in German films of the Weimar Period (1919-1933). Amsterdam University Press, 2003.

External links
Heinz Paul at IMDb
Passage 4:
Kornél Mundruczó
Kornél Mundruczó (Hungarian: [ˈkorneːl ˈmundrut͡soː]; born 3 April 1975) is a Hungarian film and theatre director. He has directed 18 short and feature films between 1998 and 2020. His film Johanna was screened in the Un Certain Regard section of the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. The production of White God, another of his full-length films, was supported by the Hungarian Film Fund. It won the Prize Un Certain Regard at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and was screened in the Spotlight section of Sundance Film Festival in 2015.

Early life
Mundruczó earned a diploma from Hungary's Academy of Film and Drama in 1998 as an actor, then in 2003 as a film and television director. In that same year, he founded Proton Cinema Ltd., dedicated to film production, along with Viktória Petrányi, a constant co-creator and collaborator in his work and writing since the academy.

Career
Film
Mundruczó's first full-length feature This I wish and nothing more won, among other prizes, the award for best first film at the 31st Hungarian Film Week, as well as its Students’ Jury and Directors’ Guild Awards. He directed his short film Afta shortly after leaving school. It went on to win numerous international awards. Pleasant Days, his second feature film, was awarded the Silver Leopard in Locarno in 2002. In 2003, he won the Cinéfondation Program's artistic grant, within the framework of the Cannes International Film Festival, where he developed the screenplay of the film Delta, together with Yvette Bíró in Paris.He has been a member of the European Film Academy since 2004. In 2005, he won the Nipkow Program's artistic grant to participate for three months in courses and consultations for talented screenwriters and directors in Berlin. His fourth, fifth, and seventh feature-length films were entered in the official competition of Cannes Film Festival: Delta in 2008, Tender Son in 2010 and Jupiter's Moon in 2017. The first won the FIPRESCI Award.In 2014, his film, White God – which was invited to Cannes Film Festival and made with the support of Eurimages, the European Council’s film foundation and the Hungarian National Film Foundation – won the main prize of the Un Certain Regard program at the 67th Cannes Film Festival. Also, the film’s canine star won the Palm Dog Award for best performance by a dog. His first English-language feature, Pieces of a Woman, was in Competition at 77th Venice International Film Festival.In 2021, his film Evolution premiered in the new section of 2021 Cannes Film Festival, called Cannes Premiere, designed to give returning Cannes auteurs a safe place to screen new work outside of the competition.

Theatre
Mundruczó has worked in theatre and opera since 2003, first in Hungary and then in theatres abroad such as the Thalia Theater in Hamburg, the TR Warszawa, the Schauspielhaus Zürich and the Vlaamse Opera. He is most keen to begin new projects where he finds the subject, collaborators and venue inspiring. During the creative process, he strives to create a team. For new projects, he very often casts the same actors, who work with him as creative partners. After freelancing with more or less the same group of people for several years, in 2009, he founded Proton Theatre, his independent theatre company, with producer Dóra Büki.Proton Theatre is a virtual artistic company organised around the director’s independent productions. Besides preserving maximum artistic freedom, their goal is to ensure a professional structure for their independently produced theatre plays and projects. Chiefly, their performances are realized as international co-productions, and their frequent collaborators include the Wiener Festwochen, HAU Hebbel am Ufer in Berlin, Kunstenfestivaldesarts in Brussels, Trafó House of Contemporary Arts in Budapest and Hellerau in Dresden. Productions directed by the artistic leader include The Ice (2006); Frankenstein-project (2007), which inspired his later film Tender Son; Hard to be a God (2010); Disgrace (2012), based on the post-apartheid novel by Nobel Prize-winner J. M. Coetzee and, in turn, inspiring his film White God; Dementia (2014), Winterreise (2015), Imitation of Life (2016), The Raft of the Medusa (2018), Evolution (2019) inspiring his film with the same title and The Seven Deadly Sins/Motherland (2020). In addition, Proton wishes to provide space for the realisation of company members’ ideas. In this spirit, they created the following performances: Last (2014), directed by Roland Rába; 1 link (2015), directed by Gergely Bánki and Finding Quincy by János Szemenyei.
Proton's performances have toured to more than 110 festivals until 2020, including the Festival d’Avignon, the Adelaide Festival, the Singapore International Festival, the Seoul Bo:m Festival, and the Zürcher Theater Spektakel. In 2017, for Imitation of life, Mundruczó was nominated for the Faust Award. It was the first time in the history of this award that a non-German theatre, in this case a Hungarian independent company was nominated.

Filmography
Theatre
Opera
Passage 5:
Oriental Nights
Oriental Nights (German: Orientalische Nächte) is a 1960 West German crime film directed by Heinz Paul and starring Marina Petrova, Pero Alexander and Karl Lieffen.

Cast
Marina Petrova as Maryse
Pero Alexander as Korff
Karl Lieffen as Pierre
Barbara Laage as Arlette
Gerti Gordon as Stasi
Reinhard Kolldehoff as Jemzeff
Eduard Linkers as Tomaides
Viktor Afritsch
Rolf von Nauckhoff
Mario del Marius as Dancer
Hanita Hallan as Dancer
Iban Sangare as Dancer
Erika Nein as Dancer
Angela Hartmann
Al Hoosmann
The Nilsen-Brothers as Singers
Passage 6:
Sepideh Farsi
Sepideh Farsi (Persian: سپیده فارسی; born 1965) is an Iranian director.

Early years
Farsi left Iran in 1984 and went to Paris to study mathematics.  However, eventually she was drawn to the visual arts and initially experimented in photography before making her first short films. A main theme of her works is identity. She still visits Tehran each year.

Awards/Recognition
Farsi was a Member of the Jury of the Locarno International Film Festival in Best First Feature in 2009. She won the FIPRESCI Prize (2002), Cinéma du Réel and Traces de Vie prize (2001) for "Homi D. Sethna, filmmaker" and Best documentary prize in Festival dei Popoli (2007) for "HARAT".

Recent News
One of her latest films is called Tehran Bedoune Mojavez (Tehran Without Permission).  The 83-minute documentary shows life in Iran's crowded capital city of Tehran, facing international sanctions over its nuclear ambitions and experiencing civil unrest.  It was shot entirely with a Nokia camera phone because of the government restrictions over shooting a film.  The film shows various aspects of city life including following women at the hairdressers talking of the latest fads, young men speaking of drugs, prostitution and other societal problems, and the Iranian rapper “Hichkas”.  The  dialogue is in Persian with English and Arabic subtitles. In December 2009, Tehran Without Permission was shown at the Dubai International Film Festival.

Filmography
Red Rose (2014)
Cloudy Greece (2013)
Zire Âb / The house under the water (2010)
Tehran bedoune mojavez / Tehran without permission (2009)
If it were Icarus (2008)
Harat (2007)
Negah / The Gaze (2006)
Khab-e khak / Dreams of Dust (2003)
Safar-e Maryam / The journey of Maryam (2002)
Mardan-e Atash / Men of Fire (2001)
Homi D. Sethna, filmmaker (2000)
Donya khaneye man ast / The world is my home (1999)
Khabe Âb / Water dreams (1997)
Bâd-e shomal / Northwind (1993)
Passage 7:
Fred Roy Krug
Fred R. Krug is an American film and television producer-director born in Bern, Switzerland.
Passage 8:
Joshua Sinclair
Joshua Sinclair (born May 7, 1953) is an American writer, producer, actor and director born in New York City.

Filmography
Passage 9:
Jacques Décombe
Jacques Décombe is a French author, actor and director born in 1953.

Biography
After he studied at the Conservatoire national d'art dramatique, he was the director of the shows of Les Inconnus at the request of Didier Bourdon and won the Molière Award for best comedy show. (See fr:Molière du meilleur spectacle comique) in 1991. He also directed shows by Charlotte de Turckheim, Chevallier et Laspalès, Patrick Timsit, Les Chevaliers du fiel...
Passage 10:
Yolonda Ross
Yolonda Ross is an American actress, writer and director.

Life and career
Ross was born and raised in Omaha, Nebraska. She began her acting career in New York, appearing in the episodes of television series New York Undercover and Third Watch. Before landing the leading role in the independent drama film, Stranger Inside (2001). The movie produced by HBO, first premiered on television, but Ross was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance. She later had supporting roles in a number of independent productions and guest-starred on Law & Order and Law & Order: Criminal Intent, and in 2011 had a recurring role of HBO's Treme.Ross co-starred alongside LisaGay Hamilton in the critically acclaimed 2013 independent drama film, Go for Sisters. She received Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female nomination for her performance in film. She later was cast opposite Viola Davis in Lila & Eve. In 2015, Ross played Robyn Crawford, the friend, assistant, and reported girlfriend of Whitney Houston, in the Lifetime movie, Whitney directed by Angela Bassett.In 2017, Ross had a recurring role opposite Viola Davis in the ABC legal thriller How to Get Away with Murder. The following year she was cast in a series regular role in the Showtime drama series, The Chi.

Filmography
Film and TV Movies
Television
Awards and nominations


Passage 1:
Servillano Aquino
Servillano Aquino y Aguilar (April 20, 1874 – February 3, 1959) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War. He served as a delegate to the Malolos Congress and was the grandfather of Benigno S. "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. He is the great-grandfather of Benigno Aquino III, the 15th President of the Philippines.

Early life and education
Aquino, known by his nickname "Mianong", was born on April 20, 1874, to Don Braulio Aquino y Lacsamana and Doña Petrona Aguilar y Henson. He had his early education from a private tutor in Mexico, Pampanga. He moved to Manila and entered the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and later, the University of Santo Tomas.

Philippine–American War
In 1896, Aquino became a mason and joined the Katipunan. He was also elected mayor of Murcia, Tarlac and under General Francisco Macabulos, he organized the Filipino revolutionary forces against the Americans. He was promoted to major but was defeated in the battle at Mount Sinukuan or Mount Arayat in Arayat, Pampanga. After the Pact of Biak-na-Bato was signed, Aquino was self-exiled to Hong Kong together with Emilio Aguinaldo and the revolutionary government after receiving 100,000 pesos from the Spanish government in exchange of their surrender. He returned to the Philippines in 1898 and joined General Antonio Luna to fight against the American forces. Together they attacked Manila but retreated to Mount Arayat. In September 1902, he surrendered and was jailed in Bilibid Prison and sentenced to hang. However, United States President Theodore Roosevelt pardoned Aquino after two years.

Personal life
He married Guadalupe Quiambao, with whom he had three children, namely Gonzalo (born 1892), Benigno (1894–1947) and Amando (born 1896). Later, he married his sister-in-law, Belen Sanchez, and had a child with her, Herminio (born 1949).

Death
Aquino died of a heart attack on February 3, 1959.

Ancestry
See also
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
Passage 2:
Stanisław of Masovia
Stanisław of Masovia (pl: Stanisław mazowiecki; 17 May 1501 – 8 August 1524), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch. He was a Duke of Czersk, Warsaw, Liw, Zakroczym and Nur during 1503-1524 (under regency until 1518) jointly with his brother.
He was the eldest son of Konrad III the Red and his third wife Anna, a daughter of Mikolaj Radziwiłł the Old, Voivod of Vilnius and the first Grand Chancellor of Lithuania.

Life
After the death of their father on 28 October 1503, Stanisław and his younger brother Janusz III inherited his domains but, because they were minors, remained under the regency of their mother.
Most of the Masovian inheritance (except Czersk, which had already been given to Konrad III as a hereditary fief in 1495) was seriously threatened by the Kingdom of Poland at the time of Konrad III's death, and was not secured in his sons' hands until 14 March 1504, when by a ruling of King Alexander, the young princes received their whole patrimony as a fief.
Stanisław and his brother took the government in 1518, because of the constant riots of the local nobility. Despite this, Anna Radziwiłł retained the real power in Masovia until her death in 1522. In the same year when they attained their majority, both princes attended the wedding of King Sigismund I the Old to Bona Sforza in Kraków.

In 1519, fulfilling their duties as Polish vassals, Stanisław and Janusz III intervened in the Polish-Teutonic War, sending auxiliary troops to the Polish King, and in the winter of 1519-1520 they personally captured several towns in Masuria. At the same time, Stanisław secretly entered into talks with the Teutonic Knights for a ceasefire, which finally took place in December 1520, a few months before a peace treaty ended the war between Poland and the Teutonic Order.
In their private lives, both Stanisław and his brother were heavily inclined to drink and women; however, in order to continue his bloodline, in 1523 Stanisław started negotiations for marriage with Princess Hedwig of Poland, only surviving daughter of King Sigismund I and his first wife, Barbara Zápolya. The wedding never took place; one year later, and likely as a result of his dissolute lifestyle, Stanisław died on 8 August 1524. He was buried at St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw.

The sudden death of Stanisław, and that two years later of his younger brother Janusz III, were considered suspicious at the time. The main suspect was a Płock lady called Katarzyna Radziejowska, who after being seduced and abandoned by both princes, was believed to have poisoned firstly Anna Radziwiłł, then Stanisław and finally Janusz III in revenge. Declared guilty, she and her supposed accomplice were tied naked to poles and beaten for hours, and finally burned alive. The hurry where the sentence was carried raised even more suspicion that in fact the real instigator of the crimes was Queen Bona. The controversy was so intense that King Sigismund I, in order to clarify the matter once and for all, ordered an investigation, as a result of which a special edict was declared on 9 February 1528 which ruled that the princes "weren't victims of a human hand, but was the will of the Almighty Lord that caused their deaths".
According to Jan Długosz, the real cause of the death of both princes could be an inherited disease of the Masovian princes: tuberculosis.
Passage 3:
Konrad V Kantner
Konrad V Kantner (ca. 1385 – 10 September 1439) was a duke of Oleśnica, Koźle, half of Bytom and half of Ścinawa during 1412–1427 (with his brothers as co-rulers), since 1427 sole ruler over Oleśnica.
He was the second son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Oleśnica, by his wife Judith. Like his one older and three younger brothers, at the baptism he received the name of Konrad, which was characteristic in this branch of the House of Piast. His nickname of Kantner was derived from the town of Kanth (pl: Kąty Wrocławskie), who was a property of the Oleśnica dukes since 1379.

Life
After the death of his father in 1412, Konrad V succeeded him in all his lands together with his older brother Konrad IV the Older as co-rulers, due to the minority of their younger brothers.
In 1416, when all Konrad III's sons attained his majority, Konrad IV renounced to the government on behalf of Konrad V and the rest of his brothers. However, because two other brothers (Konrad VI the Dean and Konrad VIII the Younger), also pursued a Church career, the main beneficiaries in the government are two others laic brothers: Konrad V and Konrad VII the White, who in 1431 co-founded in Koźle a Minorites Cloister. In 1434 they purchased the town of Wołczyn to Duke Louis II of Brieg. The co-rulership was maintained until 1427, when was made the division of the Duchy: Konrad V retained the main city of Oleśnica.
Like his brothers, Konrad V fought against the Hussites. In 1428 they tried unsuccessfully to prevent their depredations in the Duchy of Troppau. On 4 April 1431 they raided Gliwice, which was occupied by the Hussites and where just held religious discussions in which the Lithuanian prince Sigismund Korybut, a nephew of Vytautas, was involved. Presumably, therefore, undertook the Hussites in 1432 a raid into the Duchy of Oleśnica, which was largely spared from them until then. Konrad V and his brothers, however, managed to defeat them at Ścinawa. Together with his brother Konrad IV, other Piast Dukes and the cities of Wrocław, Świdnica and Nysa was notarized on 13 September 1432 for the Hussites the still occupied cities of Niemcza, Kluczbork and Otmuchów the amount of 10,000 groschen for damages.
Their fight against the Hussites was rewarded by Emperor Sigismund, who, in his capacity as King of Bohemia, in 1434 transfer to them the districts of Psie Pole and Psary. Three years later, in 1437 he confirmed to them the complete investiture of this territories by Escheat, so that upon the death of the childless Konrad VII they could reverted to the Kingdom. Two years later, Konrad V died of the plague. The guardianship of his minor sons was taken by his brother Konrad VII.

Marriage and issue
By 9 October 1411, Konrad V married Margareta (d. 15 March 1449), whose origins are unknown. They had five children:

Agnes (b. aft. 1411 – d. Herbst, September 1448), married in 1437 to Kaspar I Schlik, Count of Passaun-Weisskirchen and Imperial Chancellor.
Konrad IX the Black (b. ca. 1415 – d. 14 August 1471).
Konrad X the White (b. 1420 – d. 21 September 1492).
Anna (b. ca. 1425? – d. aft. 15 August 1482), married by 1444 to Duke Władysław I of Płock.
Margareta (b. by 1430 – d. 10 May 1466), Abbess of Trebnitz (1456).In his will, Konrad V leave the town of Wołów to his wife as her dower, who was ruled by her until her own death. His sons were excluded from the government by their uncle Konrad VII, who maintained his rule until 1450, when they finally deposed him and assumed the full control over the Duchy.
Passage 4:
Konrad IV the Older
Konrad IV the Elder (Polish: Konrad IV Starszy, German: Konrad von Oels) (c. 1384 – 9 August 1447) served as the Duke of Oels (Oleśnica), Koźle, half of Bytom, and half of Ścinawa from 1412 to 1416, sharing the rule with his brothers. After 1416, he became the sole ruler over Kąty, Bierutów, Prudnik, and Syców. In 1417, he assumed the role of Bishop of Wrocław and also held the title of Duke of Nysa.
Born to Konrad III the Old, Duke of Oleśnica, and his wife Judith, Konrad IV the Elder was the eldest among his siblings. It is worth noting that his four younger brothers also shared the name Konrad; however, historians primarily distinguish them through letters and regnal numbers.

Life
Church career
Konrad IV, despite being the oldest son and having a strong potential to inherit his father's duchy, made the decision to pursue a religious vocation. He quickly advanced within the church hierarchy and by the end of 1399, he assumed the role of cleric in Wrocław. Within a year, he was elected as the canon of Wrocław and the provost of Domasław/Domslau, although he did not succeed in this position. Nevertheless, this setback did not deter him, and in 1410 he was ultimately chosen as the canon of Wrocław. From 1411 to 1417, he held the office of provost of the chapter. During this time, Konrad IV devoted himself entirely to his candidacy for the position of Bishop of Warmia, concentrating all his efforts towards this goal. He embarked on a lengthy journey to Rome in pursuit of this appointment, although the endeavor proved unsuccessful. Nonetheless, as compensation, he was awarded a master's degree and appointed as a papal notary. In 1412, he also assumed the role of Canon of Olomouc.
Following the resignation of Duke Wenceslaus II of Legnica, the Bishop of Wrocław, on 17 December 1417, Pope Martin V appointed Konrad IV as the new Bishop of Wrocław. He received his ordination as bishop on 22 January 1418 from John Tylemann, a suffragent of the Kolegiata of St. Nicholas in Otmuchów.

Beginning of his involvement in politics
Konrad IV, in addition to his clerical duties, actively participated in politics during his time. In 1402, he joined the newly formed alliance of Silesian princes. In 1409, he supported his father alongside King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia during the truce negotiations between Poland and the Teutonic Knights. In 1412, Konrad IV served as a mediator in conflicts involving the Dukes of Opole, King Wenceslaus IV, and the city of Wrocław. Subsequently, in 1416, he, along with his brothers, allied with the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, against the Kingdom of Poland.
Following the death of his father in 1412, Konrad IV became the Duke of Oleśnica, sharing the rule with his younger brother Konrad V Kantner as co-ruler. In the pursuit of advancing his ecclesiastical career, Konrad IV relinquished most of his governance over the duchy in 1416, favoring Konrad V and his other younger brothers. However, he retained control over the several towns within the duchy, including Kąty (Kanth), Bierutów (Bernstadt), Prudnik, and Syców.
During his tenure as the ruler of the Diocese of Wrocław and the Duchy of Nysa-Otmuchów, Konrad IV faced the challenges posed by the Hussite Wars, a period marked by significant political upheaval that greatly influenced the policies of the duke-bishop.

The Hussite Wars
In the early months of 1420, Konrad IV, along with other Silesian princes, convened in the Silesian Sejm in Wrocław and paid homage to Emperor Sigismund. Subsequently, he accompanied the emperor to Prague, where Sigismund was crowned King of Bohemia. Konrad IV remained loyal to the House of Luxembourg, even after the loss of the German Kingdom, retaining authority solely over Silesia. He played a role in organizing a campaign against the reigning delinquency in the Silesian lands, which resulted in the occupation of Broumov.
Recognizing his contributions, Konrad IV was appointed Governor of Silesia by the emperor in 1422, with the official responsibility of organizing the fight against the Hussites.
In January 1423, Konrad IV participated in negotiations for a potential alliance between Emperor Sigismund and the Teutonic Order against King Władysław II of Poland. The agreement stipulated territorial acquisitions for the Silesian princes in the event of a Polish defeat. However, the treaty was not upheld as King Władysław II obtained the emperor's refusal to join the alliance after their meeting in Kežmarok. Following the example of his sovereign, Konrad IV reestablished relations with Poland in April 1424, joining his brother Konrad V in Kalisz.
In 1425, Konrad IV led a new crusade against the Hussites, organized by the Kingdom of Bohemia, which ultimately ended in failure.
Beginning in 1427, the Hussites retaliated against the allies of Emperor Sigismund through a series of military expeditions. During these campaigns, they ravaged Lusatia, Złotoryja, and Lubań.
To counter the Hussite threat, the Silesian princes and several major cities, including Wrocław and Świdnica, sought mutual aid from the Bishop of Wrocław and offered him leadership of the coalition. The fear of these cities and princes became evident the following year when a Hussite army, led by Prokop the Great, invaded Silesia. Most of the princes reached agreements with Prokop, securing the safety of their properties in exchange for a substantial ransom and unhindered passage through their territories.
Despite the treachery of some princes, Konrad IV chose to fight, supported by a contingent led by Duke Jan of Ziębice. The Battle of Stary Wielisław near Nysa took place on 27 August 1428. The coalition forces were decisively defeated, resulting in the death of Duke Jan of Ziębice. However, Konrad IV managed to escape.
Following the battle, Prokop the Great's army devastated large portions of Lower and Upper Silesia, particularly targeting the possessions of the Bishopric of Wrocław. In search of protection, the duke-bishop forged a closer alliance with Duke Bolko V of Opole, one of the prominent Hussite leaders among the Silesian princes.
In the subsequent years, despite the defeat in 1428, Konrad IV made continued efforts to wage war against the Hussites in Silesia, receiving support from the majority of the Wroclaw nobility.
By 1430, a new Hussite expedition, bolstered by Polish mercenary Sigismund Korybut, advanced from the northwest. As a result, Konrad IV had to accept the loss of two significant fortresses, Niemcza and Otmuchów, which he would only regain five years later through a purchase from Hussite commanders.
Finally, in 1432, the personal domain of Konrad IV, the Duchy of Oleśnica, suffered severe damage as Oleśnica itself was burned, including the monasteries of Lubiąż and Trzebnica.
In order to safeguard the church's possessions, Konrad IV decided to revive the Union of Silesian Princes (Związek książąt śląskich) in 1433, once again assuming the position of its leader.

Civil war in Silesia
In 1437, Sigismund, the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, died, triggering a civil war in Bohemia and Silesia. Before his death, Sigismund designated his son-in-law, Albert V of Habsburg, as his successor in all his possessions. However, a faction of the electors opted to choose Casimir, the younger brother of the King of Poland, as their preferred candidate.
Standing alongside Albert V, Konrad IV played a pivotal role in the decisive battle that ensued in 1438. The Polish army attempted to rally the Silesian princes to acknowledge Casimir as the King of Bohemia through a swift attack. Nevertheless, the duke-bishop, along with his brother Konrad V, convinced the Polish troops to retreat. This retreat was primarily influenced by the unexpected arrival of the formidable Austrian army.
The relative tranquility experienced in Silesia was short-lived, lasting less than two years. In 1440, another double election for the King of Bohemia took place. This time, the contenders were Władysław, the posthumous son of Albert V, and Władysław III, the King of Poland and Hungary. The situation became significantly more complex as both candidates garnered substantial support. Notably, Konrad IV remained loyal to the Habsburg cause, while his younger brother, Konrad VII the White, sided with the Polish king.
The ensuing protracted conflict ravaged the Silesian lands further, exacerbated by a new Hussite expedition in 1444.

Financial difficulties and the dispute with the chapter, death
Konrad IV's extensive involvement in political affairs and prolonged wars had a significant impact on the bishopric, leading to a substantial debt of 8,500 Hungarian guilders at the time of his death. This financial burden posed a challenging situation for his successors.
One notable aspect of Konrad IV's financial activities was his encouragement of Pope Eugene IV to condemn simony in Basel. This prompted the chapter to investigate the matter, revealing that Konrad IV had amassed considerable sums of money from both Western and Orthodox churches within the diocese. As a result, on 1 August 1444, the chapter formally decided to depose the duke-bishop, citing his substantial personal debts and the lack of funds to maintain his court. However, Pope Eugene IV declined to endorse this decision and, through the Bull issued on 21 July 1445, ordered Konrad IV's reinstatement as bishop.
It was not until 1446, under pressure from the military forces of the duke-bishop, that a final reconciliation took place between Konrad IV and the chapter. This reconciliation allowed him to implement diocesan statutes that aimed to reform the ecclesiastical life of Wrocław.
Konrad IV died on the evening of 9 August 1447, in Jelcz. He was buried in the Wrocław Cathedral.
Passage 5:
Konrad VII the White
Konrad VII the White (aft. 1396 – 14 February 1452) was a Duke of Oels / Oleśnica, Koźle, half of Bytom and half of Ścinawa during 1416–1427 (with his brothers as co-rulers), sole Duke of Koźle and half of Bytom during 1427–1450, Duke of Oleśnica during 1421–1450 (until 1439 with his brother as co-ruler) and sole Duke of half of Ścinawa during 1447–1450.
He was the fourth son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Oleśnica, by his wife Judith. Like his three older and one younger brothers, at the baptism he received the name of Konrad, which was characteristic in this branch of the House of Piast.

Life
At a young age, he fought in the famous Battle of Grunwald (1410) on the side of the Teutonic Order and was taken captive by the Polish, but was soon released.
Konrad VII began his rule over the family lands only in 1416, when all his brother (including him) attained his majority. The older brother, Konrad IV renounced in favor of his brothers the government over the Duchy. Konrad VII and his brothers remained as co-rulers until 1427, when a second division of the Duchy was made: Kornad VII obtained Koźle and half of Bytom.
After the death of his brother Konrad V Kantner in 1439, Konrad VII obtain Oleśnica, this time as a regent on behalf of his nephews, Konrad V's sons, who were effectively excluded from the government. After the death of Konrad VIII the Younger (5 September 1444), Konrad VII inherited half of Ścinawa; three years later (9 August 1447), Konrad VII also inherited Kątach (Kanth) and Bierutów after Konrad IV's death.
In 1449 he obtain Wołów after the death of his sister-in-law Margareta (widow of Konrad V), who ruled this land as her dower; however, one year later, in 1450, he was finally deposed by the sons of Konrad V. He died two years later.

Marriages
By 2 February 1437 Konrad VII married firstly Katharina (d. bef. 20 Jun 1449), whose origins are unknown. They had no children.
By 7 March 1450 Konrad VII remarried. According to some sources the name of his second wife is unknown, and others stated that she was Dorothea (d. aft. 16 July 1450), daughter of Janusz the Younger, eldest son and heir of Duke Janusz I of Warsaw. Like his first marriage, this union was also childless.
Passage 6:
Konrad VI the Dean
Konrad VI the Dean (Polish: Konrad VI Dziekan) (ca. 1391 – 3 September 1427) was a Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle, half of Bytom and half of Ścinawa since 1416 (with his brothers as co-rulers).
He was the third son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Oleśnica, by his wife Judith. Like his two older and two younger brothers, at his baptism he received the name of Konrad, which was characteristic in this branch of the House of Piast.

Life
After his father's death in 1412, Konrad VI succeeded him in all his lands together with his brothers as co-rulers. In order to avoid the excessive fragmentation of the already small Duchy of Oleśnica, Konrad VI, like his older brother Konrad IV decided to pursue an ecclesiastic career.  However, he didn't give up public life. The main motive for his career choice was the desire to win greater political influence in Silesia.
Like Konrad IV, Konrad VI's career progressed rapidly.  In 1413 he was appointed Canon of the Chapter of Wroclaw, and one year later was chosen as dean by Bishop Wenceslaus II.
In 1416, after all Konrad III's sons attained majority, they decided to make the formal division of the Duchy. In the division were also included the brothers who had chosen the religious career. The details of this division (except for the towns given to the oldest brother) are unknown. After an analysis of Konrad VI's titles and documents, it is assumed that he held the power directly over half of Ścinawa, Wołów and Lubiąż. However, his rule was only formal, because none of the brothers could sell or divide his districts without the consent of the others.
Despite his spiritual career, most information about Konrad VI is obtained from his secular activities. The most notorious fact of his life was the long-term dispute with the Cisternian Abbey of Lubiąż, which even caused him to be excommunicated. The dispute ended only after the intervention of Pope Martin V.
Konrad VI died suddenly on 3 September 1427, and was buried in the Cistercian monastery in Lubiąż.
Passage 7:
Konrad III the Old
Konrad III the Old (Polish: Konrad III Stary) (c. 1359 – 28 December 1412) was a Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle, half of Bytom and half of Ścinawa since 1377 (until 1403 with his father as co-ruler).
He was the only son of Konrad II the Gray, Duke of Oleśnica, by his wife Agnes, daughter of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn.

Life
In 1377 his father named him co-ruler of all his lands, as his only son and heir. Konrad III began his reign alone only in 1403, after his father's death. Little is known about his reign.

Marriage and issue
By 1380 he married with Judith (also named Jutta or Guta) (d. 26 June 1416), whose origins are unknown. They had seven children:

Konrad IV the Elder (ca. 1384 – 9 August 1447).
Konrad V Kantner (ca. 1385 – 10 September 1439).
Konrad VI the Dean (ca. 1391 – 3 September 1427).
Konrad VII the White (aft. 1396 – 14 February 1452).
Konrad VIII the Younger (aft. 1397 – by 5 September 1444).
Euphemia (ca. 1404? – 27 November 1442), married firstly on 14 January 1420 to Elector Albert III of Saxony and secondly in 1432 to Prince George I of Anhalt-Dessau.
Hedwig (ca. 1405/16? – by 25 June 1454), married by 1430 to Duke Henryk IX Starszy of Głogów.
Passage 8:
Konrad VIII the Younger
Konrad VIII the Younger (Polish: Konrad VIII Młody; after 1397 – before 5 September 1444), was a Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle, half of Bytom and half of Ścinawa during 1416–1427 (with his brothers as co-rulers) and sole Duke of half of Ścinawa since 1427 until his death.
He was the fifth and youngest son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Oleśnica, by his wife Judith. Like his four older brothers, at the baptism he received the name of Konrad, which was characteristic in this branch of the House of Piast.

Life
Choosing of the Church career
The modesty of his father's legacy forced that, of the five sons of Konrad III, three decided to follow the ecclesiastic career; Konrad VIII was one of them. The Church, during the time of the political fragmentation of Poland and the enormous progeny of the Piast dynasty, was the easiest way to develop influence in the fate of Silesia, by obtaining the prestigious (and profitable) Church dignities, which Piast princes easily accepted. The oldest of the brothers, Konrad IV, was made Provost of Wroclaw, and since 1417 Bishop of Wroclaw, and other, Konrad VI, in 1414, was appointed Dean of the Wroclaw Chapter.

The Teutonic Order
In 1416, Konrad VIII became in a Teutonic Knight. Perhaps this decision was prompting by his brother Konrad VII the White, who fight at the side of the Teutonic Order in 1410 in the Battle of Grunwald. During the solemn religious vows of submission in Malbork Castle, Konrad VIII was accompanied by all his brothers. Then, in exchange for a loan of 3,000 Prague groschens, Konrad IV, Konrad V Kantner and Konrad VII concluded with the Great Master of the Teutonic Order, Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, an alliance against Poland and Lithuania. Committed themselves to assist in the Order, if that was attacked by the army of King Wladyslaw II Jagiello of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Witold.
Konrad VIII served as Prokurator of the Teutonic Order over Gardawa during 1425-1429 and over Lochstedt during 1429-1433. The highest religious position exercised by him was the office of Provincial of the Teutonic Order in Bohemia and Moravia.

Government in Silesia
Konrad VIII, despite the adoption of the religious state, didn't give up his rights over the government of his Silesian lands. In 1416 the older brother Konrad IV decided to renounce the government on his younger brothers, who co-ruled all the Duchy. After the death of Konrad VI in 1427, Konrad VIII took over the independent governments over Ścinawa and Rudna together with the surrounding areas. Henceforth he began to use the style of Duke of Ścinawa.
During the Hussite Wars in 1431 he helped his brother Konrad VII in Gliwice to escape from the hands of the Hussites. However, in 1435 he joined to the coalition of princes and cities who concluded an agreement with the Hussites, in order to preserve their patrimony.
Passage 9:
Konrad II the Gray
Konrad II the Gray (Polish: Konrad II Siwy) (c. 1340 – 10 June 1403) was a Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle and half of Bytom since 1366 and Duke of half of Ścinawa since 1397 until his death.
He was the second child but only son of Duke Konrad I of Oleśnica by his second wife Euphemia, daughter of Władysław, Duke of Koźle-Bytom.

Life
After the death of his father in 1366, Konrad II inherited all his lands as one and only ruler. Little is known about his rule. In 1377 he named his only son and heir, the future Konrad III, as his co-ruler.
In 1397 he received half of Ścinawa as payment after the death of Henry VIII the Sparrow.

Marriage and issue
By 23 February 1354 Konrad II married with Agnes (b. 1338 – d. by 27 April 1371), daughter of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn. They had one son:

Konrad III the Old (b. ca. 1359 – d. 28 December 1412).
Passage 10:
Janusz III of Masovia
Janusz III of Masovia (pl: Janusz III mazowiecki; ca. 27 September 1502 – 9/10 March 1526), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch. He was a Duke of Czersk, Warsaw, Liw, Zakroczym and Nur during 1503-1524 (under regency until 1518) jointly with his brother, and sole ruler during 1524-1526 as the last male member of the Masovian Piasts.
He was the second son of Konrad III the Red and his third wife Anna, a daughter of Mikolaj Radziwiłł the Old, Voivod of Vilnius and the first Grand Chancellor of Lithuania.

Life
After the death of their father on 28 October 1503, Janusz III and his younger brother Stanisław inherited his domains, but because they are minors, remained under the regency of their mother.
Most of the Masovian inheritance (except Czersk, who was already given to Konrad III as hereditary fief in 1495) was seriously threatened by the Kingdom of Poland at the time of Konrad III's death, and wasn't secured in his sons' hands until 14 March 1504, when by a ruling of King Alexander (who feared the protest of the local nobility) the young princes received their whole patrimony as a fief.
Janusz III and his brother took the government in 1518, due to the constant riots of the local nobility. Despite this, Anna Radziwiłł retained the real power in Masovia until her death in 1522. In the same year when they attained their majority, both princes attended the wedding ceremony of King Sigismund I the Old with Bona Sforza in Kraków.
As Polish vassals, during 1519-1520 Janusz III and his brother participated in the Polish-Teutonic War sending auxiliary troops to the Polish King.

Despite being the co-ruler of their domains, Janusz III didn't participate in the government until Stanisław's death on 8 August 1524, when he finally began his sole government. In 1525, Janusz III forbade the Lutheranism in his domains, under penalty of confiscation of property and death.Like his brother, Janusz III quickly became known for his love of drink and women. His dissolute lifestyle probably contributed to his early death, which took place during the night of 9 to 10 March 1526. He was buried at St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw. With his death, the male line of Masovian Piasts, originating with Siemowit III became extinct.
The death of both brothers caused unrest, and accusations that they were murdered became widespread. Eventually, King Sigismund I himself looked into the matter, and concluded that there was no foul play.

According to Jan Długosz, the real cause of the death of both princes could be an inherited disease of the Masovian princes: tuberculosis; a contemporary historian, Marcin Bielski, suggested that both brothers died due to alcohol poisoning.
Soon after Janusz III's death the Duchy of Masovia was incorporated into the kingdom of Poland, despite resistance from some of the Masovian nobility who tried to retain their independence and argued that the Duchy should be inherited by the female relatives (such as Anna or Sophia of Masovia). The Polish king refused to recognize their demands, and stood by the agreements that made him the heir to the Duchy, reuniting it with Poland. The Duchy, which would become a significant asset of the Polish Jagiellon dynasty, would retain some autonomy until 1576.
He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.
Based on found remains, Janusz III belonged to the haplogroup R1b.

Notes


Passage 1:
Vadim Vlasov
Vadim Nikolayevich Vlasov (Russian: Вадим Николаевич Власов; born 19 December 1980) is a former Russian football player.Vlasov played in the Russian Premier League with FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod.
He is a younger brother of Dmitri Vlasov.
Passage 2:
Roshan Lal Verma
Roshan Lal Verma is an Indian politician and a member of the Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in India. He represents the Tilhar constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Samajwadi Party.

Early life and education
Roshan Lal Verma was born in Shahjahanpur district. He attended the Adarsh School and is educated till eighth grade.

Political career
Roshan Lal Verma has been a MLA for three term. He represented the Tilhar constituency and was a member of the  political party, Bahujan Samaj Party. Later he joined Bhartiya Janta Party until 2021.In 2022 he joined Samajwadi Party.

Members of Legislative Assembly
He was elected in 2007 as  Member, 15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. And re-elected in 2012 for 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and again in 2017 as Member, 17th Legislative Assembly

Electoral performance
See also
Tilhar (Assembly constituency)
Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Passage 3:
Vrindavan Lal Verma
Vrindavan Lal verma (9 January 1889 – 23 February 1969) was a Hindi novelist and playwright. He was honoured with Padma Bhushan for his literary works; Agra University presented him with honorary D. Lit. He received Soviet Land Nehru Award and the government India also awarded him for his novel, Jhansi Ki Rani.

Life and career
He was drawn toward mythological and historical narratives from early childhood. His masterpiece, Mriganayani, set at the end of the 15th century in Gwalior, tells the legend of Man Singh Tomar and his "doe-eyed queen" Mrignayani.His historical novels are

Gadh Kundar (1927)
Virata ki Padmini (1930)
Musahibju (1943)
Jhansi ki Rani (1946)
Kachnar (1947)
Madavji Sindhia (1949)
Tute Kante (1949)
Mriganayani (1950)
Bhuvan Vikram (1954)
Ahilya Bai (1955)
Rani Durgavati
LalitadityaVarma's social novels include

Sangam (1928)
Lagan (1929)
Pratyagat (1929)
Kundali Chakra (1932)
Prem ki Bheni (1939)
Kabhi na Kabhi (1945)
Achal Mera Koyi (1947)
Rakhi ki Laj (1947)
Sona (1947)
Amar Bel (1952).His plays include an adaptation of his novel, Jhansi ki Rani, Hans Mayur (1950), Bans ki Phans (1950), Pile Hath (1950), Purva ki Aur (1951), Kevat (1951), Nilkanth (1951), Mangal Sutra (1952), Birbal (1953), and Lalit Vikram (1953).
Varma wrote short stories also which have been published in seven volumes. His autobiography Apni Kahani has also been applauded.
Passage 4:
Manikya Lal Verma
Manikya Lal Verma (Born on 4 December 1897 in a Mathur kayastha family) was a member of Constituent Assembly of India in 1949. He was prime minister of Rajasthan, India before full formation of the state. He was elected to Lok Sabha in 1957 from Chittorgarh and in 1952 from Tonk. He was recipient of Padma Bhushan in 1965.He played pivotal role in Bijolia movement, a farmers agitation raised between 1919 and 1923 in Bhilwara. He remained in prison for several years being a freedom fighter.  Verma was an untiring social activist. He played a vital role in promoting education among Tribes, other backward classes and women in southern Rajasthan.  He founded Vimukt Janjaati sangh to promote social conditions of notified castes. This organisation established several hostels for notified caste students in Rajasthan. In Western border district's Simant (सीमान्त) Chatrawas were established on his initiative.
He died on 14 January 1969. His wife Smt. Narayni Devi was a member of Rajya Sabha and son Deen Bandhu Verma was a member of Loksabha from Udaipur constituency. His son in law Shiv Charan Mathur was also Chief Minister of Rajasthan for two terms.
The Manikya Lal Verma Textile and Engineering College was named after him. A huge garden at bank of Pichola lake, Udaipur is also named behind him.
Other details as per loksabha.nic.in ...
Social and Political worker; Secretary, Vidya Pracharini Sabha, Bijolia (1916); Organised Peasant Satyagraha against taxes and forced labour in 1918; Imprisoned in 1919, also 1923, thrice in 1927 and again in 1931; Interned at Kumbhalgarh in 1932-33 and expelled from Udaipur State in 1938 for establishing 'Praja Mandal' and conducting Satyagraha against the State and imprisoned again for one year, 1939; Participated in 'Quit India Movement'; Chairman of Reception Committee, All India States' People's Conference, 1945; Chief Minister of Rajasthan, 1948–49; President, Rajasthan State Congress Committee, 1951; Member, All India Congress Working Committee, 1952–54; President, Rajasthan Bhil Seva Mandal Vimukta Jati Sevak Sangh, 1954–55; Convener, All India Gadia Luhar Sammelan and Bharat Sevak Samaj, 1955–56; President, Gadiya Lohar Sewak Sangh, 1956–62, Rajasthan Adim Jati Sevak Sangh, 1957–62; Rajasthan Van Shramik Sahakari Sangh, 1959–62; Member, Constituent Assembly, 1947–50; Provisional Parliament, 1950–52; First Lok Sabha, 1952—57 and Second Lok Sabha, 1957–62.
Social activities:  Organised Harijan Ashram at Nareli in Ajmer Merwara, 1934; Did constructive work among Bhils and Meenas of Rajasthan at Village Khadlai, Dungarpur State in August, 1934; Established Akal Pidit Seva Sangh, Mewar, 1940; Established Harijan Sevak Sangh and Bhil Seva Sangh in Udaipur; Established Mahila Ashram, Bhilwara, 1944; Established Rajasthan Kalbeliya Seva Sangh.
Special interests:  Improvement of agriculture on modern lines; Establishment of Socialistic Society on the cooperative principles; Established three Tribes colony in Udaipur and Kota District and settled Gadia Lohars in Jodhpur, Nagor, Bikaner, Ajmer, Pali District and Banjaras in Bhilwara District, Kalbeliyas in Udaipur District.
Passage 5:
Kerem İnan
Kerem İnan (born 25 March 1980) is a Turkish professional football goalkeeper who plays for Erokspor.

Career statistics
As of 20 August 2010

Honours
Galatasaray
Turkish League: 2 (1999–00, 2001–02)
Turkish Cup: 2 (1998–99, 1999–00)
UEFA Cup: 1 (1999–00)
UEFA Super Cup: 1 (2000)
Passage 6:
Jhunnilal Verma
Jhunnilal Verma (also Jhunni Lal Verma or J. L. Verma) was an Indian lawyer and politician from Madhya Pradesh. He was freedom fighter from Bundelkhand Damoh region.In December 1933, Verma was elected unopposed to the Legislative Council of the Central Provinces and Berar, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of G. S. Singhai. He represented the Damoh district non-Muhammadan rural constituency. He was still a member in 1936.During establishment of Saugor University he was in the team with Dr. Hari Singh Gour and also the founder of Damoh Degree College. J. L. Verma Law College, the law school affiliated with Dr. Hari Singh Gour University was named in his honor.  He wrote two books Bharat Darshan and Karm Sanyasi Krishna.

External links

Jhunni Lal Verma, author profile at Rajkamal Prakashan
Passage 7:
Roman Smishko
Roman Smishko (Ukrainian: Роман Володимирович Смішко) is a retired Ukrainian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He is a younger brother of Ukrainian defender Bohdan Smishko.

Career
He played for clubs in Estonian, Lithuanian and Belarusian top levels.In the 2014 Meistriliiga season he set the league clean sheet record by not conceding a single goal for 1,281 minutes between 5 April 2014 and 25 July 2014 which is 30 minutes short and allegedly the second best result in countries top flight after Edwin Van der Sar's 1,311 minutes.
Passage 8:
Miloš Zličić
Miloš Zličić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Зличић; born 29 December 1999) is a Serbian football forward who plays for Smederevo 1924. He is a younger brother of Lazar Zličić.

Club career
Vojvodina
Born in Novi Sad, Zličić passed Vojvodina youth school and joined the first team at the age of 16. Previously, he was nominated for the best player of the "Tournament of Friendship", played in 2015. He made his senior debut in a friendly match against OFK Bačka during the spring half of the 2015–16 season, along with a year younger Mihajlo Nešković. Zličić made an official debut for Vojvodina in the 16th fixture of the 2016–17 Serbian SuperLiga season, played on 19 November 2016 against Novi Pazar.

Loan to Cement
In July 2018, Zličić joined the Serbian League Vojvodina side Cement Beočin on half-year loan deal. Zličić made his debut in an official match for Cement on 18 August, in the first round of the new season of the Serbian League Vojvodina, in a defeat against Omladinac. He scored his first senior goal on 25 August, in victory against Radnički.

International career
Zličić was called in Serbia U15 national team squad during the 2014, and he also appeared for under-16 national team between 2014 and 2015. He was also member of a U17 level later. After that, he was member of a U18 level, and scored goal against Slovenia U18.

Career statistics
As of 26 February 2020
Passage 9:
Dmitri Varfolomeyev (footballer, born 1978)
Dmitri Nikolayevich Varfolomeyev (Russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Варфоломеев; born 15 March 1978) is a Russian former football player.He is a younger brother of Sergei Varfolomeyev.

Honours
Zhenis AstanaKazakhstan Premier League champion: 2001
Kazakhstan Cup winner: 2001
Passage 10:
Baboo Lal Verma
Baboo Lal Verma as an Indian politician. He is a Cabinet Minister of Food & Civil Supply, Consumer Affairs in Government of Rajasthan and MLA in Keshoraipatan constituency Bundi district from Rajasthan.