THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

JUDGMENT

CASE NO: 286/06
Not Reportable
In the matter between
MINISTER OF SAFETY AND SECURITY

Appellant
and
KHAYALETHU NDINISO                                                 Respondent

Coram:
STREICHER, NUGENT, LEWIS, COMBRINCK JJA, MUSI AJA
Heard:
15 MARCH 2007
Delivered:
27 MARCH 2007
Summary:    Appeal against order for return of vehicle seized in terms of s 20 of Criminal Procedure Act 51 of
1977: report from an unidentified source that model of vehicle different from that registered is not sufficient to
ground a reasonable belief that a police officer would obtain a search warrant from a magistrate or judge:
appeal dismissed.

Neutral citation: This case may be cited as Minister of Safety and Security v Ndiniso
[2007] SCA 29 RSA

LEWIS JA
[1] The respondent, Mr Khayalethu Ndiniso, purchased a used Toyota Hilux vehicle
from a motor dealer for R34 000. He registered the vehicle first in the name of his father,
and on the latter’s death in 2002, in the name of his mother. In June 2004 Ndiniso lent the
vehicle to Mr Selby Halam who drove it to Tsolo in the Transkei. There the vehicle was
seized by the police on the basis that they suspected that it was stolen.

[2] In January 2005 Ndiniso brought an application against the appellant (the State) for
return of the vehicle. Charges against him (presumably for being in possession of a stolen
article) were withdrawn in March 2005. Petse J (in the High Court, Transkei) granted the
order sought, finding that the vehicle had not been lawfully seized in terms of s 20 of the
Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977. The State appeals against that decision to this court
with its leave.

[3] The basis for the seizure is set out in the answering affidavit of the police officer
who seized the vehicle in Tsolo, Mr S S Somana. He said that he saw the vehicle being
driven by Halam, whom Somana thought was too young to ‘own a vehicle’ and so he
suspected that there was something amiss. He radioed to the local police station and
asked that the vehicle registration be checked. He received a ‘report’ from an unidentified
person that the model of the vehicle that he enquired about was different from the model
appearing on the record of registration. He suspected, then, that the vehicle had been
stolen and might afford evidence of the commission of an offence. Accordingly he ‘seized’
the vehicle, believing that if he were to apply for a warrant for search and seizure it would
be granted to him, but that any delay caused by obtaining a warrant would defeat the
object of the search. The vehicle was kept at the police station while the ‘vehicle unit’
conducted investigations. It was not returned to Ndiniso, despite the withdrawal of
charges, hence the application.

[4] Section 20(b) of the Act provides that the State may seize an article ‘which may
afford evidence of the commission or suspected commission of an offence, whether within
the Republic or elsewhere’. Section 21 requires a search warrant for the seizure of articles:
a magistrate or judge is empowered under the section to issue such a warrant where it
appears from ‘information on oath that there are reasonable grounds for believing that any
such article is in the possession or under the control of or upon any person  . . . within his
area of jurisdiction. . .’ (s 21(1)(a)).

[5] Section 20 must, however, be read with s 22 which deals with seizure without a
search warrant. Articles may be seized from a person without a warrant only if the person
concerned consents to the seizure, or, under s 22(b)(i) and (ii), where the police officer
believes, on ‘reasonable grounds’ that a search warrant will be issued to him in terms of s
21 and that the delay in obtaining a warrant would defeat the object of the search.

[6] The State argues that Somana believed that the vehicle driven by Halam was stolen
and that it could afford evidence of the commission of an offence. That belief, it contended,
was reasonably held because Somana had received a report from the police station that
the vehicle model did not match that on the registration document.

[7] A police officer may seize an article, without a warrant, only where he believes on
reasonable grounds that he would be able to satisfy a magistrate or judge that the vehicle
may afford evidence of the commission or suspected commission of an offence. The only
ground for such reasonable belief advanced by the State is that a report had been
received by Somana about the disparity between the model of the vehicle itself and that
reflected on the registration papers. The court below considered that this was insufficient

evidence to determine whether Somana’s belief that he would obtain a search warrant was
based on reasonable grounds.

[8] The real difficulty with the State’s case is that no evidence is proffered by it as to the
nature or the status of the ‘report’ made to Somana: there is no information provided by
the State as to who made the report; what the capacity and status of the person was;
where the information had been obtained or why it should be regarded as reliable. There is
a mere assertion that a report indicated that there was a difference between the model of
the vehicle seen by Somana and its description on the registration papers. Would that
satisfy the magistrate or judge apprised of an application for a search and seizure warrant
under s 21? I think not.  No facts were advanced to justify a finding that Somana’s belief
was based on reasonable grounds.

[9] In the circumstances I consider that the vehicle was unlawfully seized: there was no
compliance with the provisions of ss 20 and 22 of the Act. Ndiniso is thus entitled to the
return of the vehicle.

[10] The appeal is dismissed with costs including those occasioned by the employment
of two counsel.

_____________
C H Lewis
Judge of Appeal

Concur:
Streicher JA
Nugent JA
Combrinck JA
Musi AJA
THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

MEDIA SUMMARY – JUDGMENT DELIVERED IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL

PRESS RELEASE

27 March 2007

STATUS: Immediate
Minister of Safety and Security v Ndiniso

Please note that the media summary is intended for the benefit of the media and does not form part of the
judgment of the Supreme Court of Appeal

The respondent’s motor vehicle was seized by the police in Tsolo, Transkei, on the basis that a police officer
had received a report that the vehicle model was different from that on the record of registration. The High
Court, Transkei ordered the return of the vehicle, holding that the seizure was unlawful.

The Supreme Court of Appeal today dismissed an appeal against the high court order. A police officer may
seize an article, without a warrant, only where he believes on reasonable grounds that he would be able to
satisfy a magistrate or judge that the vehicle may afford evidence of the commission or suspected
commission of an offence. The only ground for such reasonable belief advanced by the State was that a
report had been received by the police officer about the disparity between the model of the vehicle itself and
that reflected on the registration papers.

The report received by the police officer came from an unidentified source. The State had provided no
evidence as to the origin of the report or its reliability. The seizure of the vehicle thus did not comply with the
provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act. The SCA confirmed the order of the High Court that the vehicle be
returned to the respondent.
________