THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL OF SOUTH AFRICA
JUDGMENT

Not reportable
Case no: 425/2020
In the matter between:

SASOL SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD
Appellant

and

MURRAY & ROBERTS LIMITED
Respondent

Neutral citation:
Sasol South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Murray & Roberts Limited (Case no
425/2020) [2021] ZASCA 94 (28 June 2021)

Coram:
SALDULKER and ZONDI JJA and LEDWABA, GORVEN and
POTTERILL AJJA

Heard:
18 May 2021

Delivered:
This judgment was handed down electronically by circulation to the
parties’ legal representatives by email. It has been published on the
Supreme Court of Appeal website and released to SAFLII. The date and
time for hand-down is deemed to be 10h00 on 28 June 2021.

Summary: Construction contract – contract providing for dispute resolution process –
arbitration award final and binding on the parties until and unless set aside on review
– Project Manager refusing to implement some of the findings of arbitrator – dispute

relating to Project Manager’s refusal to implement arbitrator’s findings referred to
adjudicator for adjudication - adjudicator applying the principles established in
arbitration award – a party to the contract not entitled to ignore the adjudicator’s
decision simply on the ground that it considers it to be invalid – appeal dismissed.

___________________________________________________________________

ORDER
___________________________________________________________________

On appeal from: Gauteng Division of the High Court, Johannesburg (Weiner J) sitting
as court of first instance:
1.
Save to the extent reflected in paragraph 2 hereof, the appeal is dismissed with
costs including the reserved costs for the application for leave to appeal and the costs
of two counsel where so employed.
2.
The order of the court a quo is varied to read as follows:
‘(a)      The respondent (Sasol) is ordered to make immediate payment to the applicant
(Murray & Roberts) as follows:
R130 959.39 plus VAT;
R2 340 290.55 plus VAT;
R10 888 833.76 plus VAT;
R2 420 242.59 plus VAT;
R173 938.58 plus VAT;
R1 469 609.12 plus VAT;
R335 400.27 plus VAT;
R991 562.24 plus VAT;
R934 931.85 plus VAT; and
R102 842.50 plus VAT.
(b)       The respondent is ordered to pay interest on the amounts set out in paragraphs
1 to 10 above plus VAT from 10 June 2019 (being the date from which the respondent
was in mora by having failed to make payment to the applicant in accordance with the
decision) to date of payment to be calculated on a daily basis at the interest rate equal
to the prime lending rate of ABSA Bank and compounded annually.’
___________________________________________________________________

JUDGMENT
___________________________________________________________________
Zondi JA (Saldulker JA and Ledwaba, Gorven and Potterill AJJA concurring)
Introduction

[1] On 15 March 2015 the appellant, Sasol South Africa (Pty) Ltd (Sasol) as an
employer and the respondent, Murray & Roberts Limited (Murray & Roberts) as a
contractor, concluded a construction contract in terms of which Murray & Roberts
would render certain engineering and construction services to Sasol at its Secunda
plant. The contract provided for the appointment of a project manager to perform
certain functions under the contract and the mechanism to resolve the disputes that
might arise between the parties. The dispute had to be notified and referred first to the
adjudicator, appointed in terms of the adjudicator’s contract, for adjudication, whose
decision was enforceable as a contractual obligation and had to be complied with,
pending the referral to arbitration. A dissatisfied party could thereafter refer the dispute
to arbitration.

[2] During the execution of the contract various disputes arose between the parties.
These mainly related to the correctness of the assessments made by a project
manager in respect of payments claimed by Murray & Roberts in terms of the contract.
Murray & Roberts referred the disputed payments to the adjudicator. Ten disputes
related to the application of what was termed PMC200. Murray and Roberts presented
for payment timesheets signed off by Sasol daily which, it contended, bound Sasol
contractually to make those payments. Sasol, in turn, took the view that PMC200
should be applied. This would mean that the hours worked were not dispositive of the
entitlement to payment. They were only a record and the project manager was entitled
to deduct costs arising from a failure to remove resources upon the request of the
project manager pursuant to PMC200. The adjudicator rejected Murray & Roberts’
claims and confirmed the project manager’s assessments.

[3] Dissatisfied with the outcome, Murray & Roberts referred the disputed
payments (Disputes 1 and 2) to the arbitrator. No decision was made by the arbitrator
on the other 8 disputes arising from the same issues because they had not yet arisen
when Disputes 1 and 2 were referred to him. The arbitrator found in favour of Murray
& Roberts. He held that the timesheets were contractually binding and that the project
manager’s instruction (PMC200), pursuant to which the payments were disallowed,
was not valid. Murray & Roberts requested the project manager to implement the
terms of the award by adjusting payments in relation to all 10 disputes. He

implemented the terms of the award for some of the disputes and refused to implement
them for the rest, apparently on Sasol’s instruction.

[4] In consequence Murray & Roberts notified Dispute 16 requiring the project
manager to give effect to the ruling on Disputes 1 and 2 in relation to the balance of
the 10 disputes. This was not a referral of the balance of the 10 disputes to the
adjudicator, since he had previously decided Disputes 1 to 3, 5 to 6 and 8 to 12 against
Murray and Roberts prior to the award of the arbitrator. The adjudicator reviewed the
project manager’s refusal to pay on the basis of the decision of the arbitrator that costs
pursuant to PMC200 should not be deducted and ordered Sasol to pay the disallowed
payments. Murray & Roberts demanded of Sasol to comply with the adjudicator’s
award. Sasol refused. It contended that the decision of the adjudicator was invalid.
More about this aspect later.

[5] Sasol’s refusal to comply with Murray & Roberts’ demand prompted Murray &
Roberts to approach the Gauteng Division of the High Court, Johannesburg (high
court), on 12 June 2019, seeking to enforce as a contractual obligation the decision
made by the adjudicator on 12 May 2019 on Dispute 16. Dispute 16 related to
assessment number 38 issued by the project manager on 16 November 2018 in terms
of which the project manager had disallowed certain payments claimed by Murray &
Roberts.  Sasol opposed the application and sought to justify its refusal to comply with
the adjudicator’s decision by contending that it was invalid. In turn, Sasol launched a
counter-application in which it sought an order declaring that the decisions previously
made by the adjudicator in respect of disputes 3 to 6 and 8 to 12 were enforceable as
contractual obligations. The high court (Weiner J) upheld Murray & Roberts’ claim and
dismissed Sasol’s counter-application. It granted Sasol leave to appeal to this Court.

Factual background
[6] The facts which gave rise to the dispute are the following. On 15 March 2015
Sasol and Murray & Roberts concluded an NEC3 Engineering and Construction
Contract for structural, mechanical, electrical instrumentation and piping work related
to phase 1 of the volatile organic compound abatement project at Sasol, Secunda. It
was a time charge contract which meant that Sasol would bear the risk of overruns.

[7] The written agreement between the parties comprises various parts of the
NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract of June 2005 (with amendments June
2006). As already stated the contract provided for the nomination of the project
manager to perform certain prescribed functions and duties. The contract also
provided for a dispute resolution process and the parties opted for Option W1, which
contained the agreed dispute resolution provisions.

[8] The agreed dispute resolution procedures comprise the following three steps:
(a)
The notification of a dispute (clause W1.3(1));
(b)
The referral of the dispute to adjudication (clause W1.3(1); and
(c)
The referral of the dispute to the tribunal (agreed to be arbitration) in the event
that a party is dissatisfied with the adjudicator’s decision (clause W1.4(2)) or if the
adjudicator does not notify his decision within the agreed time (clause W1.4(3)). In
terms of W1.3(10) the adjudicator’s decision is binding on the parties unless and until
revised by the tribunal and is enforceable as a matter of contractual obligation between
the parties. It is not an arbitral award. The adjudicator’s decision is final and binding if
neither party has notified the other within the times required by the contract that he or
she is dissatisfied with a decision of the adjudicator and intends to refer the matter to
the tribunal.

Project manager’s instruction
[9] Due to budget constraints and time overruns, during February 2017, Sasol
became concerned and decided to appoint a team to reassess the amounts due to
Murray & Roberts. On 1 March 2017 the project manager by way of a project
manager’s communication, termed PMC200, instructed Murray & Roberts to
demobilise with immediate effect failing which, he would disallow the costs of the
resources in terms of clause 11(25) of the contract. The demobilisation concerned
involved the removal from site of resources, namely manpower and equipment. The
reassessment of past payments and the disallowance of the resources referred to in
PMC200 were reflected in the project manager’s payment advices 27 and 28 for the
months of March and April 2017 and they related to payment applications number 35
and 36. The application of PMC200 resulted in an amount of about R42 million being
deducted for those months.

Murray & Roberts’ referral
[10] Aggrieved by the deductions, Murray & Roberts, after giving notices of both
disputes on 19 May 2017 and 5 June 2017 respectively, submitted the disputes to the
adjudicator on 7 July 2017 relating to payment applications 35 and 36 (Disputes 1 and
2). On 20 October 2017 the adjudicator issued a decision upholding the project
manager’s assessments. Murray & Roberts thereafter referred Disputes 1 and 2 to the
arbitrator.

[11] While the arbitrator’s award in respect of Disputes 1 and 2 was still pending the
project manager continued to assess the payment applications submitted by Murray
& Roberts in terms of PMC200, and this resulted in certain amounts being disallowed.
Murray & Roberts on each occasion disputed the disallowed payments and referred
them to the adjudicator as Disputes 3, 5, 6, and 8 to 12. As he had done for Disputes
1 and 2, the adjudicator upheld the project manager’s assessments and found in
favour of Sasol.

[12] On 9 October 2018 the arbitrator rendered an award in favour of Murray &
Roberts in relation to Disputes 1 and 2. He determined that the PMC200 was not
contractually binding and that the timesheets submitted by Murray & Roberts for
payment, were contractually binding. Sasol subsequently brought an application for
the review and the setting aside of the arbitration award but its application was
dismissed by the high court and Sasol’s petition for leave to appeal was also dismissed
by this Court.

Referral of dispute 16
[13] Armed with the arbitrator’s award, Murray & Roberts approached the project
manager and requested him to give effect to the legal and factual position between
the parties resulting from the award by revising his assessment of the amounts due in
respect of Disputes 1 and 2 and his assessments contained in a number of other
payment certificates. On 23 November 2018 the project manager issued the revised
assessment. In his assessment the project manager, on the instruction of Sasol,
disregarded certain portions of the award which Sasol contended were invalid and had
undertaken to take them on review. Those portions related to the arbitrator’s findings

that the timesheets were contractually binding and PMC200 was not valid. Murray &
Roberts was dissatisfied with the assessment and on 16 January 2019 it referred the
dispute as Dispute 16 to the adjudicator.

[14] Before the adjudicator, Sasol had contended that Murray & Roberts had sought
the adjudicator to revisit and reconsider his earlier decisions and that the dispute
relating to payment advice 38 was not a new dispute, but was an attempt by it to again
refer the disputes relating to payment advices 27 to 37 before the adjudicator. Sasol
submitted that the adjudicator did not have jurisdiction and was expressly precluded
from reconsidering those parts of the disputes in respect of which the arbitrator had
already issued an award.

[15] The adjudicator rejected Sasol’s jurisdictional challenges and proceeded to
consider the dispute. His reasoning is set out as follows in paras 32 and 33 of his
decision:
‘[. . .] I cannot see any reason why, if an arbitrator gives an award which overturns an
adjudicator’s decision, other decisions of the adjudicator which were made on the same
principle as the overturned decision, cannot be changed to conform with the arbitrator’s award,
but can only be overturned in a further arbitration. Apart from that fact that that will put the
Contractor to unnecessary expense, it also files in the face of the underlying practicalities and
principles of the contract.

I accordingly find that, to the extent that the arbitrator’s award establishes principles that are
applicable to the other disputes, I may revise any of my prior decisions based on new
information.’

[16] As already stated when Murray & Roberts on 16 May 2019 demanded that
Sasol comply with the terms of the adjudicator’s decision it refused to do so. Hence
Murray & Roberts brought the application in the high court seeking to enforce the
decision of the adjudicator on Dispute 16.  Sasol opposed the application and justified
its refusal to comply with the adjudicator’s decision by contending that it was of no
force or effect in that, so it argued, in conducting the adjudication and in issuing his
decision, the adjudicator had acted outside of his powers.

[17] In substantiation of its defence Sasol asserted, first, that the adjudicator
decided a dispute which was the same or substantially the same as the ones that he
had previously decided which, it argued, was something that he was not permitted to
do under the adjudicator’s contract; second, that he had received information after the
time allowed for him to do so had expired; and third, that he had given his decision
outside the time period allowed for him to do so.

[18] In challenging the merits of the decision, Sasol contended that the adjudicator
had failed to consider the dispute before him, in particular the timesheets which formed
basis of Murray & Roberts’ claims and the effect of such failure, it argued, prevented
it from making submissions on those timesheets.  In Carillion Construction v Devonport
Royal Dockyard Ltd [220] EWCA Civ 1358 the court at para 52 endorsed the
correctness of the principle that ‘where an adjudicator has acted in excess of his
jurisdiction or in serious breach of the rules of natural justice, the court will not enforce
his decision.’

[19] The first point taken by Sasol was that the adjudicator erred in holding that the
arbitration award applied to all other payment assessments or his previous decisions.
It argued that the arbitration award applied only to the disputes that were referred to
arbitration and it did not apply to all other payment assessments disputes. This was
because, so proceeded the argument, the hierarchy of dispute resolution processes
in the contract required that all steps should be followed before the dispute was
referred to the arbitrator. Sasol argued that to hold that the arbitrator’s award
established a principle to be applied to all other payment assessments would render
dispute resolution processes meaningless as this would mean that the arbitrator’s
award was to be applied to all previous assessments and decisions, even if no notice
of dispute had been given or if no referral to the adjudicator had been made in relation
to a particular project manager’s assessment. Relying on Graham v Park Mews Body
Corporate and Another [2011] ZAWCHC 370; 2012 (1) SA 355 (WCC); [2012] (1) All
SA 187 Sasol submitted that the fact that the arbitrator came to a particular finding in
relation to PMC200 in relation to Disputes 1 and 2 was inadmissible in another
arbitration about any other dispute.

[20] In Park Mews the court at para 61 referred to the judgment in Land Securities
plc v Westminster City Council [1993] 4 All ER 124, in which Hoffmann J held as
follows at 127:
‘In principle the judgment, verdict or award of another tribunal is not admissible evidence to
prove a fact in issue or a fact relevant to the issue in other proceedings between different
parties. The leading authority for that proposition is Hollington v F Hewthorn & Co Ltd [1943]
2 All ER 35, [1943] KB 587, in which a criminal conviction for careless driving was held
inadmissible as evidence of negligence in a subsequent civil action. There has been criticism
of this decision and important exceptions have since been created by statute, notably in the
Civil Evidence Act 1968, but none of them apply here.

In Hunter v Chief Constable of West Midlands [1981] 3 All ER 727 at 734, [1982] AC 529 at
542, Lord Diplock said that Hollington’s case was ‘generally considered to have been wrongly
decided’. He did not elaborate on this remark, which in any case was not necessary for the
decision. In Savings and Investment Bank Ltd v Gasco Investments (Netherlands) BV [1984]
1 All ER 296 at 303, [1984] 1 WLR 271 at 280 Peter Gibson J said that Hollington’s case still
represented the common law. Still more recently the principle has been applied by the Privy
Council to exclude evidence of the conviction of a principal offender at the trial of an accessory
(see Hui Chi-ming v R [1991] 3 All ER 897, [1991] 1 AC 34).

Mr Barnes QC for the plaintiff did not seek to challenge Hollington’s case as a statement of
the common law, but he said that it is based upon the rule which excludes opinion evidence.
Goddard LJ, who gave the judgment of the court said ([1943] 2 All ER 35 at 40, [1943] KB 587
at 595):
“It frequently happens that a bystander has a complete and full view of an accident; it is beyond
question that while he may inform the court of everything that he saw, he may not express any
opinion on whether either or both of the parties were negligent. The reason commonly
assigned is that this is the precise question the court has to decide; but in truth it is because
his opinion is not relevant. Any fact that he can prove is relevant; but his opinion is not. The
well-recognised exception in the case of scientific or expert witnesses depends on
considerations which, for present purposes, are immaterial. So, on the trial of the issue in the
civil court, the opinion of the criminal court is equally irrelevant.”.’

[21] I disagree with Sasol’s submissions. In the arbitration award, the tribunal
determined certain principles which the project manager was contractually obliged to
apply in terms of clauses 50 and 51.3 when assessing payment advice 38 (PA 38),

but instead the project manager decided to do so selectively. As correctly submitted
by Murray & Roberts, in Dispute 16 the adjudicator merely ‘stepped into the shoes’ of
the project manager and reviewed and revised the project manager’s failure by finding
that he should have applied the principles determined by the tribunal and that, if he
had done so, he would have assessed PA 38 in the amounts set out in the
adjudicator’s decision.

[22] The second point taken by Sasol was that in terms of clause 2.1 of the
adjudicator’s contract ‘the adjudicator does not decide any dispute that is the same or
substantially the same as one that he or his predecessor has previously decided.’ It
argued that the disputes in respect of the previous assessments of the project
manager had been decided by the adjudicator. Those assessments had, so proceeded
the argument, become adjudicator’s decisions and were contractually binding on the
parties. The project manager was no longer entitled to change them.

[23] The interpretation of clause 2.1 contended for by Sasol is incorrect. In the first
place, Dispute 16 related to whether the project manager was correct to withhold
payment in the face of the arbitrator’s finding that he had been incorrect to do so as a
result of PMC200. In terms of the contract, the project manager was obliged to
consider and to take into account contractual entitlements determined in favour of
Murray & Roberts in the arbitrator’s award. This obligation was imposed on him by
clause 50.5 and 51.3 of the construction contract. Clause 50.5 provides the following:
‘The Project Manager corrects any wrongly assessed amount due in a later payment
certificate.’
Clause 51.3 states:
‘If an amount due is corrected in a later certificate either

by the Project Manager in relation to a mistake or a compensation event or

following a decision of the Adjudicator or the tribunal,
interest on the correcting amount is paid. Interest is assessed from the date when the incorrect
amount was certified until the date when the correcting amount is certified and is included in
the assessment which includes the correcting amount.’

[24] In this matter the project manager was requested to make an assessment in
compliance with the terms of the award. In the process of making an assessment and

on the instruction of Sasol he refused to comply with certain portions of the award.
Upon a referral to him of the project manager’s refusal to comply with the terms of the
arbitrator’s award, the adjudicator had the power in terms of clause W1.3(5) of the
contract to ‘review and revise any action or inaction of the Project Manager . . . related
to the dispute . . .’. When the adjudicator acts under this clause, he does not reconsider
a prior decision which he himself had made, but he simply does what the projector
manager was supposed to have done in terms of the contract in accordance with the
principles established in the arbitration award. The adjudicator was entitled to act in
circumstances where the project manager had, on Sasol’s version ‘declined to apply
the part of the arbitration award that is subject of the review application’. It was thus
never in dispute that the project manager was obliged to apply the award and Dispute
16 was only about the manner in which the project manager applied it. For these
reasons Sasol’s contention must fail.

[25] A third ground of Sasol’s attack on the validity of the adjudicator’s decision, was
that the adjudicator failed to notify the dispute timeously, that is to say when he issued
his decision, his jurisdiction had ceased. Sasol asserted that the adjudicator should
have issued his decision on 12 March 2019, and not on 12 May 2019. Sasol contended
that when the adjudicator issued his decision he no longer had jurisdiction to do so,
his jurisdiction having, so Sasol argued, ceased on 12 March 2019. In elaborating on
its defence Sasol stated that Murray & Roberts referred Dispute 16 to adjudication on
16 January 2019 and that in terms of the contract the four-week period provided for in
clause W1.3(8) for receiving information terminated on 12 February 2019 and the
further four-week period for the adjudicator’s decision on 12 March 2019 as the parties
had not agreed to extend it.

[26] Sasol relied heavily on the judgment of Twala J in Group Five Construction
(Pty) Ltd v Transnet SOC Limited [2019] ZAGPJHC 11, para 21 in which it was held
that, without the consent of the parties, the adjudicator cannot extend the time period
beyond the four-week prescribed period.

[27] Explaining the processes that occurred between the date of receiving the
referral, up to the time of giving his decision, the adjudicator stated that

from 16 January to 21 February 2019, the parties submitted e-mails and written
submissions. On 27 February 2019, within the four-week period from the date of
submission of Sasol’s submissions, he informed Sasol and Murray & Roberts that he
would allow Murray & Roberts to submit further information, as requested by Mr Fourie
of Sasol in his e-mails, dated 19 February 2019 and 21 February 2019 to ensure that
any decision he arrived at, was based on correct facts. He allowed Sasol to reply to
anything new in those submissions. In addition to what was contained in the e-mails,
the adjudicator requested further information from both parties.

[28] The adjudicator also invited the parties to motivate if they wanted to submit oral
argument. On 5 March 2019, Murray & Roberts submitted its further information. Sasol
responded to Murray & Roberts’ further information and supplied the information
requested by the adjudicator on 14 March 2019. An oral hearing was held on 16 April
2019 and Murray & Roberts and Sasol submitted written heads.

[29] In view of the considerable reliance placed on the Group Five decision by Sasol,
it would be appropriate to analyse that decision in a little detail. The facts are
adequately set out in the headnote as follows:
‘In January 2011, the applicant and respondent entered into a written engineering and
construction contract (“the ECC”). A dispute arose pertaining to the respondent’s issuance of
a final payment certificate. After the applicant notified the respondent of the dispute, in April
2018, the matter was referred for arbitration and in September 2018 the arbitrator rendered
his award. The present application was for an order directing the respondent to give effect to
the decision of the arbitrator’s award.

On 19 July 2018, the arbitrator requested further information from the applicant. He then
requested that the parties allow him an additional seven days to finalise his request for further
information, after which he would be in a position to finalise his award within 4 weeks. The
respondent refused to grant the arbitrator the extension requested. The arbitrator continued
to communicate and received certain information from the applicant without any further
contribution and participation from the respondent and published his decision on 18
September 2018.’

[30] When Group Five sought to enforce the adjudicator’s decision, Transnet
opposed it and contended that the decision was invalid. It submitted that the
adjudicator failed to publish his decision within four weeks which period was from 29
June 2018 to 29 July 2018. It contended that the adjudicator should not have
proceeded with the adjudication of the matter without the consent of both parties since
it refused to give consent on 31 July 2018. It submitted that since it had, by filing a
notice to refer the dispute to arbitration on 31 July 2018, brought the adjudication
process to a stop and disempowered the adjudicator from continuing with the
adjudication. The court upheld Transnet’s submissions and held at para 21 that:
‘In terms of clauses W1.3.3 and W1.3.8 of the agreement between the parties the time period
for the publication of the adjudicator’s decision is four weeks from the date when he receives
the last submissions from the parties, unless the parties agree to grant him an extension of
time. These clauses do not state what should happen when a party does not grant the consent
to extend the period. I am of the respectful view that the intention of the parties to make the
requirement of consent from the parties to afford the adjudicator more time is meant to give
the parties control over the process of the adjudication. It is meant to give the parties some
power to deal, should they find themselves in that situation, with a recalcitrant adjudicator. The
ineluctable conclusion is therefore that, absent such consent to the extension of time, the
adjudicator should publish his report on due date failing which his mandate is terminated. I am
therefore unable to disagree with Counsel for the respondent that, from the plain wording of
these clauses, the adjudicator is not competent to proceed and act beyond the time period set
by the agreement if he is unable to secure the necessary consent from both parties. No other
meaning can be ascribed to these provisions for they are not at all ambiguous.’

[31] Returning to the facts of the present matter, in my view, when the adjudicator
considered the dispute, he was obliged to gather sufficient facts to enable him to make
a decision and to do so within the framework provided for in the construction contract
and the adjudicator’s contract.

[32] Clause W1.3(3) of the construction contract states the following:
‘The Party referring the dispute to the Adjudicator includes with his referral information to be
considered by the Adjudicator. Any more information from a Party to be considered by the
Adjudicator is provided within four weeks of the referral. The period may be extended if the
Adjudicator and the Parties agree’.

[33] It was submitted by Murray & Roberts that this clause allows both parties to
provide further information or to reply to further information until the last day of the
four-week period. Only after that day, would the adjudicator be in a final position to
consider whether, based on the information already received, additional information
would ‘. . . enable him to carry out his work . . .’. I agree with this submission.

[34] CIause W1.3(5), third and fourth bullet points of the conditions of contract
states:
‘The Adjudicator may…

instruct a Party to provide further information related to the dispute within a stated time
and

instruct a Party to take any other action which he considers necessary to reach his
decision and to do so within a stated time.
The provision of ‘further information’ necessarily applies to information after the four-
week period in clause W1.3(3) and places no limitation on the extent of the ‘stated
time’.

[35] CIause W1.3(8) provides as follows:
‘The Adjudicator decides the dispute and notifies the Parties and the Project Manager of his
decision and his reasons within four weeks of the end of the period for receiving information.
The four-week period may be extended if the Parties agree.’
In the context of the subsequent agreement in the adjudicator’s contract, ‘. . . the end
of the period for receiving information . . .’ clearly adds an additional two weeks after
the request for additional information. It undermines Sasol’s argument that the four-
week period in clause W1.3(3) had not been extended by agreement. The parties
expressly extended the period by agreeing with the adjudicator that he could ask for
additional information to be provided to him within two weeks.

[36] Additional clause 2.5 of the adjudicator’s contract provides:
‘The Adjudicator may ask for any additional information from the Parties to enable him to carry
out his work. The Parties provide the additional information within two weeks of the
Adjudicator’s request.’

[37] It was submitted by Murray & Roberts that the phrase ‘. . . any additional
information . . .’ logically refers to information over and above that which the
adjudicator received in the four-week period provided for in clause W1.3(3) and which
the adjudicator started to consider after that period, resulting in his decision that
additional information would ‘enable him to carry out his work’. I agree with Murray &
Roberts’ submission.

[38] CIause 1.7 of the adjudicator’s contract regulates the position where there is a
conflict between the provision of the adjudicator’s contract and the construction
contract. It provides:
‘If a conflict arises between this [adjudicator’s] contract and the contract between the Parties
then this [adjudicator’s] contract prevails.’

[39] The adjudicator’s contract allows an entitlement to more information and more
time than that provided for in the ‘contract between the parties’ and to the extent that
there is a conflict between the adjudicator’s contract and the construction contract, the
adjudicator’s contract must prevail.

[40] From these events, it must be accepted that the date of hearing constituted ‘the
end of the period for receiving information’. The adjudicator was therefore obliged in
terms of clause W1.3(8) to deliver his decision and his reasons within four weeks of
the end of the period for receiving information (being 16 April 2019), which he did on
12 May 2019. The Group Five case upon which Sasol relied, is distinguishable on the
facts from the present case in that in that case the court did not consider the implication
of additional clause 2.5 of the adjudicator’s contract which gives the adjudicator the
right to request and to receive additional information, after which the four-week period
for his decision commences. The contention that the decision is invalid because of the
adjudicator’s failure to deliver his decision within four weeks of the end of the period
for receiving information, must therefore be rejected.

[41] In the alternative, Sasol argued that the adjudicator’s jurisdiction ceased when
Sasol issued a notice of dissatisfaction in terms of clause W1.4(3) of the construction
contract. In terms of this clause ‘if the adjudicator does not notify his decision within
the time provided by this contract, a party may notify the other party that he intends to

refer the dispute to the tribunal. A party may not refer a dispute to the tribunal unless
this notification is given within four weeks of the date by which the Adjudicator should
have notified his decision’.

[42] On 26 March 2019 Sasol gave its first notice of dissatisfaction in terms of
W1.4(3). This notice was given on the basis that the adjudicator had failed to give his
decision within four weeks from the end of the period for receiving information. In para
2 of the notice Sasol stated:
‘7. The Employer accordingly notifies the Contractor, which this notification constitutes, that
the Employer intends to refer the matter (Dispute 16) to the tribunal due to the fact that the
Adjudicator has not issued his decision in respect of Dispute 16 within the period stated in the
contract.’

[43] Sasol’s notification was premature because at the time that it was issued the
period within which the adjudicator was required to deliver his decision, had not
expired. He was entitled to receive from the parties, and to request the parties to
provide, additional information either in terms of clause W1.3 (8) of the construction
contract or of the additional clause 2.5 of the adjudicator’s contract.

[44] In any event the adjudication proceeded until it reached its finality despite Sasol
having given notification of referral. On 16 April 2019 both parties made oral
submissions after which the adjudicator undertook to deliver his decision within two
weeks of 16 April 2019. This period was not the period stipulated in the contract but
was the period determined by the adjudicator himself and within which he had
expected to make the decision available to the parties. This did not happen.

[45] When the adjudicator failed to deliver his decision within the period stipulated
by him, that is, within two weeks of 16 April 2019, Sasol, on 7 May 2019, gave its
second notice of dissatisfaction. Sasol contended that the adjudicator was not entitled
to extend this period for him to provide his decision. It gave notice of its intention to
refer the dispute to the tribunal. In para 6 of the notice Sasol stated:
‘6. Accordingly and insofar as it may be argued that the Employer’s notification in terms of
Clause W 1.4(3) as issued on the 26th of March 2019 was invalid and the Adjudicator was
entitled to disregard it, which is denied by the Employer, the Employer hereby gives notice in

terms of Clause W1.4(3) of its intention to refer the dispute to the tribunal as a result of the
Adjudicator not having provided his decision within 2 weeks of the 16th of April 2019, the period
as extended by him.’
Again Sasol’s notification was premature for the simple reason that in terms of W1.3(8)
the adjudicator had to make his decision within four weeks of the end of the period for
receiving information. The parties made submissions on 16 April 2019, which meant
that the adjudicator had to make his decision within four weeks of 16 April 2019.

[46] On 12 May 2019 the adjudicator issued his decision. Thereafter on 28 May
2019 Sasol served a third notice on the adjudicator of its intention to refer the dispute
to the tribunal. Sasol did not refer the dispute to the tribunal and neither did it take the
decision to the tribunal for it to be set aside. It therefore remained binding and was
enforceable as a matter of contractual obligation between the parties.

[47] Lastly, Sasol contended that Murray & Roberts’ failure to place before the
adjudicator timesheets on which its claims were based, deprived it of the opportunity
to consider them in addressing the adjudicator. The adjudicator, argued Sasol, failed
to afford it a right to be heard before he took a decision on timesheets. And that in
doing so, he breached the audi alteram partem principle. This contention must fail.
Sasol did not squarely raise this point before the adjudicator. Sasol’s refusal to pay
Murray & Roberts was not based on the ground that the timesheets were incorrect,
but rather based on the project manager’s reliance on clause 11.2(25) in disallowing
the costs of resources. The calculation and quantum of the amounts reflected in the
timesheets were never in dispute between the parties.

[48] In the result the appeal must fail. But the order of the high court must be
amended in the light of the fact that some of the amounts Sasol was ordered to pay
had since been paid and the parties provided this Court with the draft order reflecting
what the true position should be in relation to the amounts still to be paid by Sasol.

[49] In the result an order in the following terms is made:
1.
Save to the extent reflected in paragraph 2 hereof, the appeal is dismissed with
costs including the reserved costs for the application for leave to appeal and the costs
of two counsel where so employed.

2.
The order of the court a quo is varied to read as follows:
‘(a)      The respondent (Sasol) is ordered to make immediate payment to the applicant
(Murray & Roberts) as follows:
R130 959.39 plus VAT;
R2 340 290.55 plus VAT;
R10 888 833.76 plus VAT;
R2 420 242.59 plus VAT;
R173 938.58 plus VAT;
R1 469 609.12 plus VAT;
R335 400.27 plus VAT;
R991 562.24 plus VAT;
R934 931.85 plus VAT; and
R102 842.50 plus VAT.
(b)       The respondent is ordered to pay interest on the amounts set out in paragraphs
1 to 10 above plus VAT from 10 June 2019 (being the date from which the respondent
was in mora by having failed to make payment to the applicant in accordance with the
decision) to date of payment to be calculated on a daily basis at the interest rate equal
to the prime lending rate of ABSA Bank and compounded annually.’

______________
D H ZONDI
JUDGE OF APPEAL

APPEARANCES:

For appellant:

P H J van Vuuren SC (with him H M Viljoen)
Instructed by:

Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr, Sandton

Phatshoane Henney Attorneys, Bloemfontein

For respondent:

L J van Tonder SC
Instructed by:

Tiefenthaler Attorneys Inc, Sandton

Honey Attorneys Inc, Bloemfontein
THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL OF SOUTH AFRICA

MEDIA SUMMARY OF JUDGMENT DELIVERED IN THE SUPREME COURT OF
APPEAL

From:
The Registrar, Supreme Court of Appeal
Date:

28 June 2021
Status:
Immediate
The following summary is for the benefit of the media in the reporting of this case and does not
form part of the judgments of the Supreme Court of Appeal
Sasol South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Murray & Roberts Limited (Case no 425/2020) [2021] ZASCA
94 (28 June 2021)
Today the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) handed down judgment dismissing an appeal from the
Gauteng Division of the High Court, Johannesburg (high court). Subject to minor variation of the
amounts still to be paid by the appellant the SCA confirmed the high court order.

On 15 March 2015 the appellant, Sasol South Africa (Pty) Ltd (Sasol) as an employer and the
respondent, Murray & Roberts Limited (Murray & Roberts) as a contractor, concluded a construction
contract in terms of which Murray & Roberts would render certain engineering and construction services
to Sasol at its Secunda plant. The contract provided for the appointment of a project manager to perform
certain functions under the contract and the mechanism to resolve the disputes that might arise between
the parties. During the execution of the contract various disputes arose between the parties which
mainly related to the correctness of the assessments made by the project manager in respect of
payments claimed by Murray & Roberts.
When the project manager applying what was termed PMC200 disallowed some of the payment
applications submitted by Murray & Roberts, the latter notified a dispute and referred it to the adjudicator
appointed in terms of the adjudicator’s contract. The adjudicator rejected Murray & Roberts’ claims and
confirmed the project manager’s assessments. Dissatisfied with the outcome, Murray & Roberts
referred the disputed payments on Disputes 1 and 2 to the arbitrator who found in favour of Murray &
Roberts, holding that the timesheets were contractually binding and that the project manager’s
instruction (PMC200), pursuant to which the payments were disallowed, was not valid. Murray &
Roberts requested the project manager to implement the terms of the award by adjusting payments in
relation to all 10 disputes. The project manager implemented the terms of the award for some of the
disputes and refused to implement for the rest. Murray & Roberts took the project manager’s refusal to the
adjudicator. The adjudicator reviewed the project manager’s refusal to pay and ordered Sasol to pay the
disallowed payments. Murray & Roberts demanded Sasol to comply with the adjudicator’s award but
Sasol refused.
Murray & Roberts approached the high court to enforce the adjudicator’s decision. Sasol opposed the
application. It contended that it was justified to ignore the adjudicator’s decision on the ground that it

was invalid. It in turn launched a counter-application in which it sought an order declaring that the
decisions previously made by the adjudicator were enforceable as contractual obligations. The high
court upheld Murray & Roberts’ claims and dismissed Sasol’s counter-application. It granted Sasol
leave to appeal to this Court.
The issue before the SCA was whether the adjudicator’s decision was invalid as contended by Sasol.
Sasol had contended that the adjudicator’s decision was invalid on the grounds that: (a) the adjudicator
decided a dispute which was the same or substantially the same as the ones that he had previously
decided which is something that he was not entitled to do under the adjudicator’s contract; (b) he had
no authority to receive information after the time allowed for him to do so had expired; and (c) he had
no jurisdiction to issue a decision  after the time allowed for him to do so had expired.
The SCA dismissed Sasol’s contentions. It held that in terms of clause W1.3(5) read with clause 50.5
and 51.3 of the contract, the adjudicator was entitled to review and revise any action or inaction of the
project manager and when acting under these clauses the adjudicator was not reconsidering his prior
decisions, but was simply doing what the projector manager was supposed to have done in terms of
the contract in accordance with the principles established in the arbitration award. Furthermore, the
Court held that the adjudicator had complied with the time periods stipulated in the contract and the
adjudicator’s contract and that the notices of dissatisfaction purportedly issued by Sasol were
premature.  The appeal was dismissed.

~~~~ends~~~~