question: In what way did the business paradigm of Shell 's downstream operations begin to change ?
answer: the independence of operating companies around the world was gradually reduced
turker_answer: Gradual reduction of the independence of operating companies around the world began to change the business paradigm of Shell 's downstream operations .
rule-based: Did the business paradigm of Shell 's downstream operations begin to change in the independence of operating companies around the world was gradually reduced .