Blounts disease
Blounts disease (or Blount disease) is a growth disorder of the tibia (shin bone) which causes the lower leg to angle inward, resembling a bowleg. It is also known as "tibia vara".

Description and risk factors
Blount disease is a growth disorder of the shin bone which causes the lower leg to angle inward, resembling a bowleg. It can present in boys under 4-years in both legs, or in adolescents usually on one side. Causes are thought to be genetic and environmental, like obesity, African-American lineage, and early walkers.

Etymology
Blount disease is named after Walter Putnam Blount (1900–1992), an American pediatric orthopedic surgeon, who described it in 1937. It has also been known as Mau-Nilsonne Syndrome, after C. Mau and H. Nilsonne, who published early case reports of the condition. it is today considered an acquired disease of the proximal tibial metaphysis rather than an epiphyseal dysplasia or osteochondrosis.

Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Lower extremity deformities in Rickets can closely mimic those produced by Blounts disease. To differentiate between Rickets and Blounts disease it is important to correlate the clinical picture with laboratory findings such as calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Besides the X-ray appearance. Bone deformities in Rickets have a reasonable likelihood to correct over time, while this is not the case with Blounts disease. Nevertheless, both disorders may need surgical intervention in the form of bone osteotomy or more commonly guided growth surgery. Osteochondrodysplasias or genetic bone diseases can cause lower extremity deformities similar to Blounts disease. The clinical appearance and the characteristic radiographic are important to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment
Children who develop severe bowing before the age of 3 may be treated with knee ankle foot orthoses. However, bracing may fail, or bowing may not be detected until the child is older. Bracing should be started by 3 years of age. In some cases, surgery may be performed.Blount disease is one of the 8 severe comorbidities of severe obesity (BMI >35), which are an indication for bariatric surgery in children per a 2019 policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
The other severe comorbidities are: obstructive sleep apnea (Apnea-Hypopnea Index > .5), Type2 Diabetes mellitus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, SCFE, GERD, and hypertension.

References
External links
Dakshina Murthy T S. S; Alessandro De Leucio. Blount Disease Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.