Myalgia
Myalgia (also called muscle pain and muscle ache in laymans terms) is the medical term for muscle pain.  Myalgia is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likely cause is viral infection, especially when there has been no trauma.
Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Causes
The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury, and strain. Myalgia might also be caused by allergies, diseases, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. Dehydration at times results in muscle pain as well, especially for people involved in extensive physical activities such as workout.
Muscle pain is also a common symptom in a variety of diseases, including infectious diseases, such as influenza, muscle abscesses, Lyme disease, malaria, trichinosis or poliomyelitis; autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögrens syndrome or polymyositis; gastrointestinal diseases, such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (which can also occur without digestive symptoms) and inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis).The most common causes are:

Overuse
Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon or too often. One example is repetitive strain injury. See also:

Exercise
Weight lifting

Injury
The most common causes of myalgia by injury are: sprains and strains.

Autoimmune
Multiple sclerosis (neurologic pain interpreted as muscular)
Myositis
Mixed connective tissue disease
Lupus erythematosus
Fibromyalgia syndrome
Familial Mediterranean fever
Polyarteritis nodosa
Devics disease
Morphea
Sarcoidosis

Metabolic defect
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
Conns syndrome
Adrenal insufficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes
Hypogonadism
Postorgasmic illness syndrome

Other
Chronic fatigue syndrome (aka myalgic encephalomyelitis)
Channelopathy
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
Stickler Syndrome
Hypokalemia
Hypotonia
Exercise intolerance
Mastocytosis
Peripheral neuropathy
Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
Barcoo Fever
Herpes
Hemochromatosis
Delayed onset muscle soreness
HIV/AIDS
Generalized anxiety disorder
Tumor-induced osteomalacia
Hypovitaminosis D
Infarction

Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs
Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, caffeine, or alcohol can induce myalgia.

Treatment
When the cause of myalgia is unknown, it should be treated symptomatically. Common treatments include heat, rest, paracetamol, NSAIDs, massage, cryotherapy and muscle relaxants.

See also
Arthralgia
Myopathy
Myositis

References


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