Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome
Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome (BOS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with LEMD3. It is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It is named for Abraham Buschke and Helene Ollendorff Curth, who described it in a 45-year-old woman. Its frequency is almost 1 case per every 20,000 people, and it is equally found in both males and females.

Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of this condition are consistent with the following (possible complications include aortic stenosis and hearing loss):

Osteopoikilosis
Bone pain
Connective tissue nevi
Metaphysis abnormality

Pathogenesis
Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome is caused by one important factor: mutations in the LEMD3 gene (12q14), located on chromosome 12.Among the important aspects of Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome condition, genetically speaking are:

LEMD3 (protein) referred also as MAN1, is an important protein in inner nuclear membrane.
LEMD3 gene gives instructions for producing protein that controls signaling for transforming growth factor-beta.
LEMD3 gene helps in the bone morphogenic protein pathway
Both of the above pathways help grow new bone cells
BMP and TGF-β pathways controls SMADs proteins, which then bind to DNA
LEMD3 once mutated, causes a reduction of the protein, which in turn causes excess of the above two pathways.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of this condition can be ascertained via several techniques one such method is genetic testing, as well as:
X-ray
Ultrasound
Histological test

Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for an individual believed to have Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome is the following:
Melorheostosis
Sclerotic bone metastases.

Treatment
In terms of the treatment of Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, should the complication of aortic stenosis occur then surgery may be required.Treatment for hearing loss may also require surgical intervention.

See also
Osteopoikilosis
List of cutaneous conditions
Melorheostosis

References
Further reading
Pope, V.; Dupuis, L.; Kannu, P.; Mendoza-Londono, R.; Sajic, D.; So, J.; Yoon, G.; Lara-Corrales, I. (2016). "Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome: a novel case series and systematic review". The British Journal of Dermatology. 174 (4): 723–729. doi:10.1111/bjd.14366. ISSN 1365-2133. PMID 26708699. S2CID 24066368.
Helander, Martti Kormano, Ilmari Lindgren; with the collaboration of Inkeri; Lindgren, Ilmari (1999). Radiological findings in skin diseases and related conditions. Stuttgart: Thieme. ISBN 9783131161215. Retrieved 3 February 2018.

External links
 Media related to Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome at Wikimedia Commons