C. the persistence of pathogen-specific antibodies and lymphocytes after the original infection has been eliminated so that reinfection can be prevented
D. the process of reducing or eliminating a pathogen 1.3 True or False: toll-like receptors (tlrs) recognize intracellular bacteria, while nod-like receptors (nlrs) recognize extracellular bacteria.
1.4 Matching: Classify the following as lymphoid or myeloid in origin:
A. eosinophils
B. B cells
C. neutrophils
D. nK cells
E. mast cells
F. macrophages
G. red blood cells 1.5 Multiple Choice: the immunologist’s ‘dirty little secret’ involves the addition of microbial constituents in order to stimulate a strong immune response against the desired protein antigen of interest. Which of the following is not a receptor or receptor family that can recognize microbial products in order to achieve a potent immune response?
A. toll-like receptors (tlrs)
B. t-cell antigen receptor (tCr)
C. nod-like receptors (nlrs)
D. Pattern recognition receptors (Prrs) 1.6 True or False: Hematopoietic stem cells can develop into any cell type in the body.
1.7 Matching: match each of the following terms to the numbered phrase that describes it best:
A. Allergy __ 1. Immunological response to an antigen present on a transplanted foreign cell
B. Immunological 2. Immunological response tolerance __ to an antigen that is an innocuous foreign substance
C. Autoimmune 3. Immunological process disease __ that prevents an immune response to self antigens
D. graft rejection __ 4. Immunological response to a self antigen 1.8 Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes is not a mechanism of maintaining immunologic tolerance?
A. Clonal deletion
B. Anergy
C. Clonal expansion
D. Suppression of self-reactive lymphocytes 1.9 Matching: Classify each of the following as a central/ primary or peripheral/secondary lymphoid organ:
A. Bone marrow
B. lymph node
C. Spleen
D. thymus
E. Appendix 1.10 Matching: match the following region, structure, or subcompartments with the numbered organ they are present in:
A. lymph node __
B. Spleen __
C. mucosa of the small intestine __ 1.
2.
3.
1.11 Multiple Choice: Which of the following events do not occur during inflammation?
A. Cytokine secretion
B. Chemokine secretion
C. recruitment of innate immune cells
D. Constriction of blood vessels 1.12 Fill-in-the-Blanks: ___________ t cells are able to kill infected cells, while ________ t cells activate other cells of the immune system.
1.13 True or False: Both t-cell and B-cell receptors undergo the process of affinity maturation in order to acquire progressively higher affinity for an antigen during an immune response.
1.14 True or False: each lymphocyte carries cell-surface receptors with multiple antigen specificity.
1.15 Multiple Choice: Which cell type forms an important link between the innate immune response and the adaptive immune response?
A. dendritic cell
B. neutrophil
C. B cell
D. Innate lymphoid cell (IlC) 1.16 Multiple Choice: Which of the following options is not a mechanism by which an antibody can protect against a pathogen?
A. neutralization
B. Co-stimulation of t cells
C. opsonization
D. Complement activation/deposition 1.17 True or False: tH2 cells do not possess mHC class I molecules.
General references.
Burnet, F.M.: The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity. London: Cambridge University Press, 1959.