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Jan L. Shifren Isaac Schiff
Vasomotor symptoms affect up to 75% of perimenopausal women. Symptoms last for 1 to 2 years after menopause in most women but may continue for 10 years or longer in others.
Topical vaginal application of low doses of estrogen is an effective and safe treatment of vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and some urinary symptoms.
Counseling women to alter modifiable risk factors is important for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Many women have diets deficient in calcium and vitamin D and will benefit from dietary changes and supplementation. Women should receive 1,000 to 1,500 mg of calcium and 400 to 800 IU of vitamin D daily.