The term dementia is retained in DSM-5 for continuity and may be used in settings where physicians and patients are accustomed to this term. Although dementia is the cus- tomary term for disorders like the degenerative dementias that usually affect older adults, the term neurocognitive disorder is widely used and often preferred for conditions affect- ing younger individuals, such as impairment secondary to traumatic brain injury or HIV infection. Furthermore, the major NCD definition is somewhat broader than the term dementia, in that individuals with substantial decline in a single domain can receive this di- agnosis, most notably the DSM-IV category of ”Amnestic Disorder," which would now be diagnosed as major NCD due to another medical condition and for which the term demen- tia would not be used.
The criteria for the various NCDs are all based on defined cognitive domains. Table 1 pro- vides for each of the key domains a working definition, examples of symptoms or obser- vations regarding impairments in everyday activities, and examples of assessments. The domains thus defined, along with guidelines for clinical thresholds, form the basis on which the NCDs, their levels, and their subtypes may be diagnosed.
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