Paris E, Greenberg ]A, Ecker ]L, et al: Is an episiotomy necessary with a shoulder dystocia? Am] Obstet GynecoI205(3):217.e1, 2011 Patel S, Clark A, Rodriguez CE, et al: Efect of umbilical cord milking on morbidity and survival in extremely low gestational age neonates. Am ] Obstet GynecoIr211(5):519.el, 2014
Pinette MG, Wax ], Wilson E: he risks of underwater birth. Am ] Obstet Gynecol 190(5):1211,2004
Pollard ME, Morrisroe S, Anger ]T: Outcomes of pregnancy following surgery for stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review. ] Urol 187(6): 1966, 2012
Ponkey SE, Cohen AP, Hefner L], et al: Persistent fetal occiput posterior position: obstetric outcomes. Obstet Gynecol101(5 Pt 1):915,r2003
Pradhan A, Tincello DG, Kearney R: Childbirth after pelvic floor surgery: analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics in England, 2002-2008. B]OG 120(2):200,r2013
Priddis H, Dahlen HG, Schmied V, et al: Risk of recurrence, sub-sequent mode of birth and morbidity for women who experienced severe perineal trauma in a first birth in New South Wales between 2000-2008: a population based data linkage study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 13:89, 2013
Rabe H, Diaz-Rossello ]L, Duley L, et al: Efect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD003248,r2012
Radestad I, Olsson A, Nissen E, et al: Tears in the vagina, perineum, sphincter ani, and rectum and first sexual intercourse ater childbirth: a nationwide follow-up. Birth 35:98, 2008
Rahmanr], Bhattee G, Rahman MS: Shoulder dystocia in a 16-year experience in a teaching hospital. ] Reprod Med 54(6):378, 2009
Raisanen S, Vehvilainen-]ulkunen K, Gissler M, et al: High episiotomy rate protects from obstetric anal sphincter ruptures: a birth register-study on delivery intervention policies in Finland. Scand ] Public Health 39(5):457, 2011
Roberts PL, Coller ]A, Schoetz D], et al: Manometric assessment of patients with obstetric injuries and fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 33: 16, 1990
Rodriguez MI, Seuc A, Say L, et al: Episiotomy and obstetric outcomes among women living with type 3 female genital mutilation: a secondary analysis. Reprod Health 130):131,2016
Rouse D], Owen ]: Prophylactic cesarean delivery for fetal macrosomia diagnosed by means of ultrasonography-a Faustian bargain? Am J Obstet Gynecol 181 :332, 1999
Rubin A: Management of shoulder dystocia.]AMA 189:835, 1964
Sagi-Dain L, Sagi S: he role of episiotomy in prevention and management of shoulder dystocia: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 70(5):354, 2015