A. Moderate or greater impairment in personality functioning, manifested by characteristic difficulties in two or more of the following four areas: 1. Identity: Confused boundaries between self and others; distorted seIf-concept; emotional expression often not congruent with context or internal experience.
2. Self-direction: Unrealistic or incoherent goals; no clear set of internal standards.
3. Empathy: Pronounced difficulty understanding impact of own behaviors on others; frequent misinterpretations of others’ motivations and behaviors.
4. Intimacy: Marked impairments in developing close relationships, associated with mistrust and anxiety.
B. Four or more of the following six pathological personality traits: 1. Cognitive and perceptual dysregulation (an aspect of Psychoticism): Odd or unusual thought processes; vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped thought or speech; odd sensations in various sensory modalities.
2. Unusual beliefs and experiences (an aspect of Psychoticism): Thought content and views of reality that are viewed by others as bizarre or idiosyncratic; unusual experiences of reality.
3. Eccentricity (an aspect of Psychoticism): Odd, unusual, or bizarre behavior or appearance; saying unusual or inappropriate things.
4. Restricted affectivity (an aspect of Detachment): Little reaction to emotionally or coldness.
5. Withdrawal (an aspect of Detachment): Preference for being alone to being with others; reticence in social situations; avoidance of social contacts and activity; lack of initiation of social contact.
6. Suspiciousness (an aspect of Detachment): Expectations ot—and heightened sensitivity to—signs of interpersonal iII-intent or harm; doubts about loyalty and fi- delity of others; feelings of persecution.
Specifiers. Trait and personality functioning specifiers may be used to record additional personality features that may be present in schizotypal personality disorder but are not re- quired for the diagnosis. For example, traits of Negative Affectivity (e.g., depressivity, anxiousness) are not diagnostic criteria for schizotypal personality disorder (see Criterion
B) but can be specified when appropriate. Furthermore, although moderate or greater im- pairment in personality functioning is required for the diagnosis of schizotypal personal- ity disorder (Criterion A), the level of personality functioning can also be specified.
A. Moderate or greater impairment in personality functioning, manifested by difficulties in two or more of the following four areas: 1. Identity 2. SeIf-direction 3. Empathy 4. Intimacy
B. One or more pathological personality trait domains OR specific trait facets within do- mains, considering ALL of the following domains: 1. Negative Affectivity (vs. Emotional Stability): Frequent and intense experiences of high levels of a wide range of negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, depression, guilt/ shame, worry, anger), and their behavioral (e.g., self—harm) and interpersonal (e.g., dependency) manifestations.
2. Detachment'(vs. Extraversion): Avoidance of socioemotional experience, includ- ing both withdrawal from interpersonal interactions, ranging from casual, daily in- teractions to friendships to intimate relationships, as well as restricted affective experience and expression, particularly limited hedonic capacity.
3. Antagonism (vs. Agreeableness): Behaviors that put the individual at odds with other people, including an exaggerated sense of selt-importance and a concomi- tant expectation of special treatment, as well as a callous antipathy toward others, encompassing both unawareness of others' needs and feelings, and a readiness to use others in the service of selt-enhancement.
4. Disinhibition (vs. Conscientiousness): Orientation toward immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stimuli, without regard for past learning or consideration of future consequences.