Left pleural cavitySternal angleManubrium of sternumXiphoid processInferior thoracic apertureSuperior thoracic apertureBody of sternumRight pleural cavityDiaphragmVertebral columnRib IRibsMediastinum
Fig. 3.2 Joints between ribs and vertebrae.
Fig. 3.3 Superior thoracic aperture.
Manubriumof sternumEsophagusCommon carotid arteryInternal jugular veinRib ISuperior thoracicapertureApex of right lungSubclavianarteryand veinTracheaVertebra TIRib IITracheaPleauralcavity (lung)VeinsNervesArteriesEsophagus
Fig. 3.4 A. Inferior thoracic aperture. B. Diaphragm.
Rib XIDistal cartilaginousends of ribs VII to X;costal marginsCentraltendonLeft domeRight domeAortichiatusEsophagealhiatusInferior thoracicapertureXiphoid processRib XIIVertebra TXIIAB
Fig. 3.5 Subdivisions of the mediastinum.
Fig. 3.6 Pleural cavities.
TracheaLeft pleural cavitysurrounding left lungApex of right lungMediastinumRight main bronchusRight pleural cavityParietal pleuraVisceral pleuraCostodiaphragmaticrecessDiaphragm
Fig. 3.7 Superior thoracic aperture and axillary inlet.
Fig. 3.8 Major structures passing between abdomen and thorax.
Fig. 3.9 Right breast.
Fourth thoracicintercostal nerveMammary glandsLactiferousductsLactiferoussinusesPectoralis majorDeep (pectoral) fasciaAxillary processAxillarylymph nodesSecond, third, and fourth anteriorperforating branches of internalthoracic arteryInternalthoracic arteryParasternallymph nodesLymphatic vessel
Fig. 3.10 Vertebral level TIV/V.
Fig. 3.11 Left-to-right venous shunts.
Fig. 3.12 A. Segmental neurovascular supply of thoracic wall.
B. Anterior view of thoracic dermatomes associated with thoracic spinal nerves. C. Lateral view of dermatomes associated with thoracic spinal nerves.
Left common carotid arteryInternal thoracic arteriesRight subclavian arteryArch of aortaAnteriorcutaneous branchAnteriorintercostal arteryAPosteriorintercostal arteryLateralcutaneous branchIntercostal nerve
Fig. 3.13 Sympathetic trunks.
Fig. 3.14 Flexible thoracic wall and inferior thoracic aperture.
Sternum moves forwardin inspiration because ofrib elevationElevation of lateral aspectof ribs in inspirationDiaphragm descends toincrease thoracic capacityin inspiration
Fig. 3.15 Innervation of the diaphragm.
Fig. 3.16 Breasts.
Parasternal nodesSuspensory ligamentsLactiferous sinusesLactiferous ductsRetromammary spaceSecretory lobulesPectoralis major muscleMammary branches ofinternal thoracic arteryAxillary processLateral thoracic arteryLateral axillary nodesCentral axillary nodesApical axillary nodesPectoral branch ofthoracoacromial arteryInternal thoracic arteryAreolaSecretorylobulesLymphatic and venous drainagepasses from lateral and superiorpart of the breast into axillaLymphatic and venousdrainage passes from medial partof the breast parasternallySome lymphatic and venous drainagemay pass from inferior part of thebreast into the abdomenPectoral axillary nodes
Fig. 3.17 Muscles and fascia of the pectoral region.
Fig. 3.18 Typical thoracic vertebra.