macropsia The visual perception that objects are larger than they actually are. Compare with MICROPSIA.
magical thinking The erroneous belief that one’s thoughts, words, or actions will cause cause and effect. Magical thinking may be a part of normal child development.
mania A mental state of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently in- creased level of activity or energy. See also HYPOMANLA.
manipulativeness Use of subterfuge to inﬂuence or control others; use of seduction, charm, glibness, or ingratiation to achieve one’s ends. Manipulativeness is a facet of the broad personality trait domain ANTAGONISM.
mannerism A peculiar and characteristic individual style of movement, action, thought, or speech.
melancholia (melancholic) A mental state characterized by very severe depression.
micropsia The Visual perception that objects are smaller than they actually are. Com- pare with MACROPSIA.
mixed symptoms The specifier ”with mixed features” is applied to mood episodes during which subthreshold symptoms from the opposing pole are present. Whereas these con- current ”mixed” symptoms are relatively simultaneous, they may also occur closely juxtaposed in time as a waxing and waning of individual symptoms of the opposite pole (i.e., depressive symptoms during hypomanic or manic episodes, and vice versa).
mood A pervasive and sustained emotion that colors the perception of the world. Com- mon examples of mood include depression, elation, anger, and anxiety. In contrast to aﬂect, which refers to more ﬂuctuating changes in emotional ”weather," mood refers to a pervasive and sustained emotional ”climate." Types of mood include dysphoric An unpleasant mood, such as sadness, anxiety, or irritability.
elevated An exaggerated feeling of well—being, or euphoria or elation. A person with elevated mood may describe feeling ”high,” ”ecstatic,” ”on top of the world," or "up in the clouds.” euthymic Mood in the ”normal” range, which implies the absence of depressed or elevated mood.
Glossary of Technical Terms 825 expansive Lack of restraint in expressing one’s feelings, frequently with an over- valuation of one’s significance or importance.
irritable Easily annoyed and provoked to anger.
mood-congruent psychotic features Delusions or hallucinations whose content is en- tirely consistent with the typical themes of a depressed or manic mood. If the mood is depressed, the content of the delusions or hallucinations would involve themes of per- sonal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment. The content of the delusion may include themes of persecution if these are based on self—derogatory concepts such as deserved punishment. If the mood is manic, the content of the delusions or hallucinations would involve themes of inﬂated worth, power, knowledge, or iden- tity, or a special relationship to a deity or a famous person. The content of the delusion may include themes of persecution if these are based on concepts such as inflated worth or deserved punishment.
mood-incongruent psychotic features Delusions or hallucinations whose content is not consistent with the typical themes of a depressed or manic mood. In the case of depres- sion, the delusions or hallucinations would not involve themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment. In the case of mania, the delu- sions or hallucinations would not involve themes of inﬂated worth, power, knowledge, or identity, or a special relationship to a deity or a famous person.
multiple sleep latency test Polysomnographic assessment of the sleep-onset period, with several short sleep-wake cycles assessed during a single session. The test repeat- edly measures the time to daytime sleep onset (”sleep latency”) and occurrence of and time to onset of the rapid eye movement sleep phase.