Other inhalant-related disorders. Episodes of inhalant intoxication do occur during, but are not identical with, other inhalant—related disorders. Those inhalant-related disorders are recognized by their respective diagnostic criteria: inhalant use disorder, inhalant- induced neurocognitive disorder, inhalant—induced psychotic disorder, inhalant-induced depressive disorder, inhalant-induced anxiety disorder, and other inhalant-induced dis- orders.
Other toxic, metabolic, traumatic, neoplastic, or infectious disorders that impair brain function and cognition. Numerous neurological and other medical conditions may pro- duce the clinically significant behavioral or psychological changes (e.g., belligerence, as- saultiveness, apathy, impaired judgment) that also characterize inhalant intoxication.
The following inhalant-induced disorders are described in other chapters of the manual with disorders with which they share phenomenology (see the substance/medication- induced mental disorders in these chapters): inhalant-induced psychotic disorder (”Schizo- halant-induced major or mild neurocognitive disorder (”Neurocognitive Disorders"). For inhalant intoxication delirium, see the criteria and discussion of delirium in the chapter "Neurocognitive Disorders.” These inhalant-induced disorders are diagnosed instead of in- halant intoxication only when symptoms are sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention.
292.9 (F18.99)
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of an inhalant- related disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupa- tional, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any specific inhalant—related disorder or any of the disorders in the substance-related and addictive disorders diagnostic class.
A. A problematic pattern of opioid use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following, occurring within a 12-month period: 1.
2.
3.
10.
11.
Opioids are often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was in- tended.
There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control opioid use.
A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the opioid, use the opi- oid, or recover from its effects.
Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use opioids.
Recurrent opioid use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school. or home.
problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of opioids.
Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced be- cause of opioid use.
Recurrent opioid use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
Continued opioid use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physi- cal or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
Tolerance, as defined by either of the following: a. A need for markedly increased amounts of opioids to achieve intoxication or de- sired effect.
b. A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of an opioid.
Note: This criterion is not considered to be met for those taking opioids solely under appropriate medical supervision.
Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following: a. The characteristic opioid withdrawal syndrome (refer to Criteria A and B of the criteria set for opioid withdrawal, pp. 547—548).
b. Opioids (or a closely related substance) are taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
Note: This criterion is not considered to be met for those individuals taking opioids solely under appropriate medical supervision.
Specify it: