Soft palate(opens and closesoropharyngeal isthmus)Cranial cavityEarsChoanaeNasopharynxCVI vertebral levelPharynxEsophagusScapulaAxillary inletClavicleSuperior thoracic aperture(thoracic inlet)Manubrium of sternumTracheaVocal folds(together with other soft tissuestructures open and closecavity of larynx)Epiglottis(opens and closes laryngeal inlet)Oropharyngeal isthmusOral cavityNasal cavitiesOrbitsARib IVertebra TIOropharynxLaryngopharynxLaryngeal inletLarynx
Laryngeal inletand laryngealcavity openBack oftongue elevated,palate depressedOropharyngealisthmus closedLarynx andhyoid pulledup and forwardresulting in openingthe esophagusEpiglottisclosed overlaryngeal inletOropharyngealisthmus openOpening between nasal andoral parts of pharynx closedby soft palateSoft palatein neutral positionMilk pathwayTracheaNasal cavityEEsophagusSoft palateLaryngealinletBCD
Fig. 8.17 Anterior and posterior triangles of neck.
Fig. 8.18 Anterior view of the skull.
GlabellaNasal boneFrontal boneSuperciliary archSupra-orbital notch(foramen)Zygomatic process(of frontal bone)Zygomatic boneFrontal process (of maxilla)Infra-orbital foramenInferior nasal conchaMaxillaOblique lineMandibleMental foramenMental tubercleMental protuberanceAngle of mandibleAlveolar part of mandibleZygomatic process (of maxilla)NasionNasal crestPiriform apertureAlveolar processRamus of mandibleBody of mandibleAnterior nasal spine
Fig. 8.19 Lateral view of the skull.
Sphenoparietal sutureCoronal sutureFrontal bonePterionSphenosquamous sutureGreater wing(of sphenoid bone)ZygomaticofacialforamenZygomatic boneMaxillaMental foramenBody of mandibleTemporal process (of zygomatic bone)Alveolar part(of mandible)Condylar processAngleZygomatic process (of temporal bone)Coronoid process Ramus of mandibleStyloid processMastoid processTympanic part (of temporal bone)Mastoid part of temporal boneOccipitomastoidsutureOccipital boneAsterionLambdoidsutureParietomastoidsutureParietal boneSquamous sutureSquamous part (of temporal bone)Nasal boneLacrimal boneZygomaticotemporalforamen(on deep surface ofzygomatic bone)
Fig. 8.20 Posterior view of the skull.
Fig. 8.21 Superior view of the skull.
Fig. 8.22 Calvaria.
Fig. 8.23 Inferior view of the skull.