Spinous process of CIIPosterior ramus of C1Obliquus capitis superior Rectus capitis posterior minorObliquus capitis inferiorRectus capitis posterior majorSplenius capitisSplenius capitisLongissimus capitisSemispinalis cervicisSemispinalis capitisSemispinalis capitisVertebral artery
Fig. 2.53 Spinal cord.
End of spinalcord LI–LIIConus medullarisInferior part ofarachnoid materEnd of subarachnoidspace SIICervicalenlargement(of spinal cord)Lumbosacralenlargement(of spinal cord)FilumterminalePial partDural partPedicles ofvertebrae
Fig. 2.54 Features of the spinal cord.
Fig. 2.55 Arteries that supply the spinal cord. A. Anterior view of spinal cord (not all segmental spinal arteries are shown).
B. Segmental supply of spinal cord.
Posterior spinal arteryADeep cervical arteryCostocervical trunkThyrocervical trunkSubclavian arteryPosterior intercostalarterySegmentalspinal arteryArtery of Adamkiewicz(branch fromsegmentalspinal artery)Ascending cervicalarteryVertebral arterySegmental medullaryarteriesAnterior spinal arterySegmental medullaryarteries (branch fromsegmental spinalartery)Lateral sacral arterySegmentalspinal artery
Fig. 2.56 Veins that drain the spinal cord.
Fig. 2.57 MRI of the spine. There is discitis of the T10-T11 intervertebral disc with destruction of the adjacent endplates. There is also a prevertebral abscess and an epidural abscess, which impinges the cord.
Fig. 2.58 CT at the level of CI demonstrates two breaks in the closed ring of the atlas following an axial-loading injury.
Fig. 2.59 Meninges.
Fig. 2.60 Arrangement of structures in the vertebral canal and the back (lumbar region).
Crura of diaphragmAortaPsoasDuraQuadratus lumborumInternal vertebral plexus of veinsin extradural spaceErector spinae musclesLigamenta flavaSupraspinous ligamentInterspinous ligamentLumbar arteryVeinCauda equinaSkinVertebraIntervertebral discIntervertebral foramenLaminaPediclePosterior longitudinal ligament
Fig. 2.61 Basic organization of a spinal nerve.
Fig. 2.62 Course of spinal nerves in the vertebral canal.
1121110112233445595678412345678123C8T1T2T3T4T5T6T7T8T9T10T11T12L1L2L3L4L5S1S2S3S4S5CoC7C6C5C4Cervical enlargement(of spinal cord)C2C3C1Lumbosacral enlargement(of spinal cord)Cauda equinaPedicles of vertebraeSpinal ganglion
Fig. 2.63 Nomenclature of the spinal nerves.
Nerve C1 emerges betweenskull and CI vertebraNerve C8 emerges inferior topedicle of CVII vertebraNerves C2 to C7 emergesuperior to pediclesNerves T1 to Co emergeinferior to pedicles oftheir respective vertebraeC2C1C3C4C5C6C7C8T1CICVIITIPedicleTransition innomenclatureof nervesT2
Fig. 2.64 Normal appearance of the back. A. In women. B. In men.
Fig. 2.65 Normal curvatures of the vertebral column.
Fig. 2.66 Back of a woman with major palpable bony landmarks indicated.