Brachial pulse in the cubital fossa: brachial artery medial to the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. This is the position where a stethoscope is placed to hear the pulse of the vessel when taking a blood pressure reading.
Radial pulse in the distal forearm: radial artery immediately lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle. This is the most common site for “taking a pulse.”
Ulnar pulse in the distal forearm: ulnar artery immediately under the lateral margin of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon and proximal to the pisiform.
Radial pulse in the anatomical snuffbox: radial artery as it crosses the lateral side of the wrist between the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle and the tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles.
Fig. 7.1 Upper limb. A. Anterior view of the upper limb. B. Superior view of the shoulder.
Spinous process of vertebra TINeckShoulderGlenohumeral jointArmElbow jointForearmWrist jointHandBAThoracic wallRib IRib IAxillaScapulaManubriumof sternumClavicle
Fig. 7.2 Areas of transition in the upper limb.
Fig. 7.3 Movements of the scapula. A. Rotation. B. Protraction and retraction.
Fig. 7.4 Movements of the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
Fig. 7.5 Movements of the forearm. A. Flexion and extension at the elbow joint. B. Pronation and supination.
Fig. 7.6 Movements of the hand at the wrist joint.
Fig. 7.7 Bones of the upper limb.
Fig. 7.8 Movements of the metacarpophalangeal (A) and interphalangeal (B) joints.
Fig. 7.9 Muscles of the shoulder. A. Posterior shoulder. B. Anterior shoulder. C. Rotator cuff muscles.
SupraspinatusSubscapularisHumerusAcromionSpine of scapulaInfraspinatusTeres minorCoracoid processTrapeziusDeltoidPectoralis majorTeres majorLatissimus dorsiABCTrapeziusLatissimus dorsiLevator scapulaeRhomboid minorRhomboid major
Fig. 7.10 Muscle components in the arm and forearm.
Fig. 7.11 Relationship of the upper limb to the neck.
Axillary arteryAxillary veinAxillaMedial margin ofcoracoid processHumerusAxillary inletSuperior margin of scapulaNerves to upper limbLateral margin of rib I
Fig. 7.12 Muscles of the back and thoracic wall.
Fig. 7.13 Breast.
Fig. 7.14 Innervation of the upper limb.
Anterior ramiNervesMusculocutaneous nerve(C5 to C7)Radial nerve(C5 to C8,T1)Median nerve(C6 to C8,T1)Ulnar nerve(C[7], C8, T1)C5C6C7C8T1Brachial plexus
Fig. 7.15 Dermatomes and myotomes in the upper limb. A. Dermatomes. B. Movements produced by myotomes.
T1T1T1T2T2C6C6C6C5C5C5C4C4C3C3C8C8C8C7C7C7AAbduction of armC5Flexion of elbowC(5)6Adduction and abduction of digitsT1Flexion of digitsC8BC(6)7(8)
Fig. 7.16 Nerves of upper limb. A. Major nerves in the arm and forearm. B. Anterior and posterior areas of skin innervated by major peripheral nerves in the arm and forearm.