AbductionAdductionElevationDepressionInferiorobliqueSuperiorobliqueSuperiorrectusInferiorrectusLateralrectusMedialrectusMuscle testedDirection to moveeye when testingmuscleSuperior rectusInferior rectusLateral rectusMedial rectusInferior obliqueSuperior obliqueLook laterally and upwardLook laterally and downwardLook laterally Look mediallyLook medially and upwardLook medially and downwardABMedialLateral
Fig. 8.98 The “H-test.”
Right eyeLateral rectus [VI]Superior rectus [III]Inferior rectus [III]Medial rectus [III]Superior oblique [IV]Inferior oblique [III]1.2.3.4.5.6.Medial rectus [III]Inferior oblique [III]Superior oblique [IV]Lateral rectus [VI]Inferior rectus [III]Superior rectus [III]Left eye142635
Fig. 8.99 Arterial supply to the orbit and eyeball.
Fig. 8.100 Venous drainage of the orbit and eyeball.
Fig. 8.101 Innervation of the orbit and eyeball.
Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic nerve [V1]Nasociliary branchof ophthalmic nerve [V1]Frontal branch of ophthalmic nerve [V1]Optic nerveOptic canalInferior ophthalmic veinSuperior ophthalmic veinOphthalmic arteryInferior branch of oculomotor nerve [III]Superior branch of oculomotor nerve [III]Abducent nerve [VI]Trochlear nerve [IV]Common tendinous ringLateralMedial
Fig. 8.102 Oculomotor nerve [III] and its divisions.
Fig. 8.103 Trochlear nerve [IV] in the orbit.
Fig. 8.104 Ophthalmic nerve [V1] and its divisions.
Fig. 8.105 Relationship of the ophthalmic nerve [V1] and its divisions to the muscles of the eyeball.
Fig. 8.106 Course of the nasociliary nerve (from [V1]) in the orbit.
Long ciliary nervesShort ciliary nervesLacrimal glandLacrimal nerve (from [V1])Lateral rectus Ciliary ganglionAbducent nerve[VI]Inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve [III]Superior branch of the oculomotor nerve [III]Medial rectus muscleNasociliary nerve (from [V1])Posterior ethmoidal nerveAnterior ethmoidal nerveInfratrochlear nerveLateral
Fig. 8.107 Ciliary ganglion.
Fig. 8.108 Eyeball.
Fig. 8.109 Ophthalmoscopic view of posterior chamber of the right eye.
Fig. 8.110 Ciliary body.
Fig. 8.111 Layers of the retina in a healthy eye. A. HD-OCT scan of a healthy eye. B. Schematic indicating the layers of the retina on an HD-OCT scan of a healthy eye. C. Diagram illustrating the layers of the retina.
Fig. 8.112 High-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). A. Diseased eye. B. Healthy eye.
Fig. 8.113 Right ear.
Fig. 8.114 Auricle.
Fig. 8.115 Sensory innervation of the auricle.
Auriculotemporalbranch of themandibular nerve [V3]Great auricular nerve(C2,C3)Facial nerve [VII]Vagus nerve [X]Lesser occipitalnerve (C2)