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Figure 35-1. MRI in multiple sclerosis. Upper left, axial T2-FLAIR image showing multiple discrete periventricular hyperintense plaques, as well as two subcortical plaques in the right frontal and parietal lobes. Upper right, coronal T1-post gadolinium image showing abnormal enhancement of the right optic nerve in a case of acute optic neuritis (arrow). Lower left, sagittal T2-FLAIR image showing two hyperintense plaques emanating radially from the body of the corpus callosum (“Dawson fingers”). Lower right, sagittal T2 MRI showing multiple discrete hyperintense plaques within the cervical spinal cord. The lesion at C3 is acute with accompanying expansion of the cord. The lesion at the T1 level of the cord is chronic and shows cord atrophy.
Figure 35-2. Left Axial T2-FLAIR image of a tumefactive MS lesion in the left temporal lobe. Right T1-post gadolinium showing an “open ring” of abnormal contrast enhancement, a common imaging feature of acute demyelinating plaques that is less typical of tumors or abscesses.
Figure 35-3. MRI of the spinal cord in neuromyelitis optica. Sagittal T2 image showing a hyperintense, longitudinally extensive, confluent cervico-thoracic lesion.
Figure 35-4. Acute (postinfectious) disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Axial T2-FLAIR images showing left inferior frontal (left) and right anterior temporal (right) edematous lesions.
Figure 35-5. Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. Axial T2-FLAIR MRI shows extensive abnormal hyperintensity throughout the hemispheric white matter as well as within the deep gray nuclei. Additional signal abnormality in the cortical sulci is due to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Figure 35-6. Abnormal T2 hyperintensity in the splenium of the corpus callosum in a patient with graft-versus-host disease 2 years following allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
Inherited Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System