Anxiety disorders. Chronic heavy caffeine use may mimic generalized anxiety disorder, and acute caffeine consumption may produce and mimic panic attacks.
There may be comorbidity between caffeine use disorder and daily cigarette smoking, a family or personal history of alcohol use disorder. Features of caffeine use disorder (e.g., tolerance, caffeine withdrawal) may be positively associated with several diagnoses: ma— jor depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, adult antisocial personality disorder, and alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine use disorders.
Persistent and recurrent use of the Internet to engage in games, often with other players, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as indicated by five (or more) of the following in a 12-month period: 1. Preoccupation with Internet games. (The individual thinks about previous gaming activity or anticipates playing the next game; Internet gaming becomes the dominant activity in daily life).
Note: This disorder is distinct from Internet gambling, which is included under gam- bling disorder.
2. Withdrawal symptoms when Internet gaming is taken away. (These symptoms are typ- ically described as irritability, anxiety, or sadness, but there are no physical signs of pharmacological withdrawal.) 3. Tolerance—the need to spend increasing amounts of time engaged in Internet games.
Unsuccessful attempts to control the participation in Internet games.
5. Loss of interests in previous hobbies and entertainment as a result of, and with the ex- ception of. Internet games.
Continued excessive use of Internet games despite knowledge of psychosocial problems.
7. Has deceived family members, therapists, or others regarding the amount of Internet gaming.
8. Use of Internet games to escape or relieve a negative mood (e.g., feelings of helpless- ness, guilt, anxiety).
9. Has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, job. or educational or career oppor- tunity because of participation in Internet games.
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Note: Only nongambling Internet games are included in this disorder. Use of the Internet for required activities in a business or profession is not included; nor is the disorder intend- ed to include other recreational or social Internet use. Similarly, sexual Internet sites are excluded.
Specify current severity:
Internet gaming disorder can be mild, moderate, or severe depending on the degree of disruption of normal activities. Individuals with less severe Internet gaming disorder may exhibit fewer symptoms and less disruption of their lives. Those with severe Inter- net gaming disorder will have more hours spent on the computer and more severe loss of relationships or career or school opportunities.
There are no well-researched subtypes for Internet gaming disorder to date. Internet gam- ing disorder most often involves specific Internet games, but it could involve non-Internet computerized games as well, although these have been less researched. It is likely that pre- ferred games will vary over time as new games are developed and popularized, and it is unclear if behaviors and consequence associated with Internet gaming disorder vary by game type.
Gambling disorder is currently the only non-substance-related disorder proposed for in- clusion with DSM-S substance—related and addictive disorders. However, there are other behavioral disorders that show some similarities to substance use disorders and gambling disorder for which the word addiction is commonly used in nonmedical settings, and the one condition with a considerable literature is the compulsive playing of Intemet games.
Internet gaming has been reportedly defined as an ”addiction” by the Chinese govern- ment, and a treatment system has been set up. Reports of treatment of this condition have appeared in medical journals, mostly from Asian countries and some in the United States.