Note that individuals may identify multiple causes, PROMPT FURTHER IF REQUIRED: depending 0" thefacet 0f the problem they are con- Some people may explain their problem as sidering. the result of bad things that happen in their life, problems with others, a physical ill- ness, a spiritual reason, or many other causes.
Focus on the views of members of the individual’s 5. What do others in your family, your social network. These may be diverse and vary from friends, or others in your community think the individual’s. is causing your [PROBLEM]?
Supplementary modules used to expand each CFI subtopic are noted in parentheses.
GUIDE TO INTERVIEWER ITALICIZED.
(Social Network, Caregivers, Psychosocial Stressors, Religion and Spirituality, Immigrants and
Refugees, Cultural Identity, Older Adults, Coping and Help Seeking)
Elicit information on the individual’s life context, 6. Are there any kinds of support that make focusing on resources, social supports, and resil— your [PROBLEM] better, such as support ience. May also probe other supports (e.g., from co- from family, friends, or others?
workers, from participation in religion or spiritu- ality).
Focus on stressful aspects of the individual’s envi- 7. Are there any kinds of stresses that make ronment. Can also probe, e.g., relationship prob» your [PROBLEM] worse, such as difficul- lems, difi‘iculties at work or school, or ties with money, or family problems?
discrimination.
(Cultural Identity, Psychosocial Stressors, Religion and Spirituality, Immigrants and Refugees,
Older Adults, Children and Adolescents)
Sometimes, aspects of people’s back-
LEM] better or worse. By background or identity, I mean, for example, the commu- nities you belong to, the languages you speak, where you or your family are from, your race or ethnic background, your gen- der or sexual orientation, or your faith or religion.
Ask the individual to reﬂect on the most salient ele— 8. For you, what are the most important ments of his or her cultural identity. Use this aspects of your background or identity?
information to tailor questions 9—10 as needed.
Elicit aspects of identity that make the problem bet- 9. Are there any aspects of your background ter or worse. or identity that make a difference to your
Probe as needed (e.g., clinical worsening as a result [PROBLEM]?
of discrimination due to migration status, race/ ethnicity, or sexual orientation).
Probe as needed (e.g., migration-related problems; 10. Are there any aspects of your background conﬂict across generations or due to gender roles). or identity that are causing other concerns or difficulties for you?
(Coping and Help Seeking, Religion and Spirituality, Older Adults, Caregivers,
Clarify self-coping for the problem. 11. Sometimes people have various ways of dealing with problems like [PROBLEM].
What have you done on your own to cope with your [PROBLEM]?
Supplementary modules used to expand each CFI subtopic are noted in parentheses.
GUIDE TO INTERVIEWER ITALICIZED.
(Coping and Help Seeking, Religion and Spirituality, Older Adults, Caregivers, Psychosocial
Stressors, Immigrants and Refugees, Social Network, ClinicianvPatient Relationship)
Elicit various sources ofhelp (e.g., medical care, 12. Often, people look for help from many dif- mental health treatment, support groups, work- ferent sources, including different kinds of based counseling,folk healing, religious or spiri- doctors, helpers, or healers. In the past, tual counseling, other forms of traditional or alter— what kinds of treatment, help, advice, or native healing). healing have you sought for your [PROB-
Probe as needed (e.g., "What other sources of help LEM]?
have you used?"). PROBE IF DOES NOT DESCRIBE USE—