T cell B cell cd3ε:cd3δ:(cd3γ)2:(cd3ζ)2 A. __________ B. __________ cd21:cd19:cd81 cd28 C. __________
D. __________ fyn, Blk, Lyn
E. __________ Syk LaT:Gads:SLp-76 F. __________
General references.
Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Walter, P.: Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed. New York: Garland Science, 2015. Gomperts, B., Kramer, I., and Tatham, P.: Signal Transduction. San Diego: Elsevier, 2002. Marks, F., Klingmler, U., and Mler-Decker, K.: Cellular Signal Processing. New York: Garland Science, 2009. Samelson, L., and Shaw, A. (eds.): Immunoreceptor Signaling. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2010.
Section references.
7-1 Transmembrane receptors convert extracellular signals into intracellular biochemical events.
Lin, J., and Weiss, A.: T cell receptor signalling. J. Cell Sci. 2001, 114:243–244. Smith-Garvin, J.E., Koretzky, G.A., and Jordan, M.S.: T cell activation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2009, 27:591–619.
7.11 True or False: cTLa-4 and pd-1 are both iTim-containing inhibitory receptors that interfere with co-stimulatory signaling pathways by activating intracellular protein and/or lipid phosphatases.
7.12 Multiple Choice: intravenous administration of exogenous immunoglobulin is a widely used therapy for autoimmune disorders that involve the production of autoantibodies (antibodies against self antigens). Researchers have discovered that the presence of sialic acids on the infused immunoglobulins is critical for the inhibition of autoantibody production in the patient’s own B cells. Which of the following receptors could potentially be responsible for the inhibition of antibody production by B cells, given this finding?
A. fcγRiiB B. cd22 C. pd-1 D. cd40
E. BTLa 7-2 Intracellular signal propagation is mediated by large multiprotein signaling complexes.
Balagopalan, L., Coussens, N.P., Sherman, E., Samelson, L.E., and Sommers, C.L.: The LAT story: a tale of cooperativity, coordination, and choreography. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol. 2010, 2:a005512.
Jordan, M.S., and Koretzky, G.A.: Coordination of receptor signaling in multiple hematopoietic cell lineages by the adaptor protein SLP-76. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol. 2010, 2:a002501.
Lim, W.A., and Pawson, T.: Phosphotyrosine signaling: evolving a new cellular communication system. Cell 2010, 142:661–667.
Scott, J.D., and Pawson, T.: Cell signaling in space and time: where proteins come together and when they’re apart. Science 2009, 326:1220–1224.
7-3 Small G proteins act as molecular switches in many different signaling pathways.
Etienne-Manneville, S., and Hall, A.: Rho GTPases in cell biology. Nature 2002, 420:629–635.