Where the coronary ligaments come together laterally, they form the right and left triangular ligaments.
The liver is divided into right and left lobes by the falciform ligament anterosuperiorly and the fissure for the ligamentum venosum and ligamentum teres on the visceral surface.  (Fig. 4.104). The right lobe of the liver is the largest lobe, whereas the left lobe of the liver is smaller. The quadrate and caudate lobes are described as arising from the right lobe of the liver but functionally are distinct.
The quadrate lobe is visible on the anterior part of the visceral surface of the liver and is bounded on the left by the fissure for the ligamentum teres and on the right by the fossa for the gallbladder. Functionally, it is related to the left lobe of the liver.
The caudate lobe is visible on the posterior part of the visceral surface of the liver. It is bounded on the left by the fissure for the ligamentum venosum and on the right by the groove for the inferior vena cava. Functionally, it is separate from the right and the left lobes of the liver.
The arterial supply to the liver includes: the right hepatic artery from the hepatic artery proper (a branch of the common hepatic artery from the celiac trunk), and the left hepatic artery from the hepatic artery proper (a branch of the common hepatic artery from the celiac trunk).
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac lying on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver in a fossa between the right and quadrate lobes (Fig. 4.104). It has: a rounded end (fundus of the gallbladder), which may project from the inferior border of the liver; a major part in the fossa (body of the gallbladder), which may be against the transverse colon and the superior part of the duodenum; and a narrow part (neck of the gallbladder) with mucosal folds forming the spiral fold.
The arterial supply to the gallbladder (Fig. 4.106) is the cystic artery from the right hepatic artery (a branch of the hepatic artery proper).
The gallbladder receives, concentrates, and stores bile from the liver.
The pancreas lies mostly posterior to the stomach (Figs. 4.107 and 4.108). It extends across the posterior abdominal wall from the duodenum, on the right, to the spleen, on the left.
The pancreas is (secondarily) retroperitoneal except for a small part of its tail and consists of a head, uncinate process, neck, body, and tail.
The head of the pancreas lies within the C-shaped concavity of the duodenum.
Projecting from the lower part of the head is the uncinate process, which passes posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels.
The neck of the pancreas is anterior to the superior mesenteric vessels. Posterior to the neck of the pancreas, the superior mesenteric and splenic veins join to form the portal vein.
The body of the pancreas is elongate and extends from the neck to the tail of the pancreas.
The tail of the pancreas passes between layers of the splenorenal ligament.
The pancreatic duct begins in the tail of the pancreas (Fig. 4.109). It passes to the right through the body of the pancreas and, after entering the head of the pancreas, turns inferiorly. In the lower part of the head of the pancreas, the pancreatic duct joins the bile duct. The joining of these two structures forms the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater), which enters the descending (second) part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. Surrounding the ampulla is the sphincter of ampulla (sphincter of Oddi), which is a collection of smooth muscles.