Hardy T, Oakley F, Anstee QM, et al: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathogenesis and disease spectrum, Annu Rev Pathol 11:451, 2016. [A comprehensive discussion of NAFLD pathogenesis.]
Pietrangelo A: Hereditary hemochromatosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, Gastroenterology 139:393, 2010. [A comprehensive review.] http://ebooksmedicine.net
Rosencrantz R, Schilsky M: Wilson disease: pathogenesis and clinical considerations in diagnosis and treatment, Semin Liver Dis 31:245, 2011. [A still current review of basic and translational features of the disease.]
Beuers U, Gershwin ME, Gish RG, et al: Changing nomenclature for PBC: From “cirrhosis” to “cholangitis”, Hepatology 62:1620, 2015. [A change in nomenclature by liver disease experts made in response to the needs of patients and their advocates.]
Hirschfield GM, Heathcote EJ, Gershwin ME: Pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease and therapeutic approaches, Gastroenterology 139:1481, 2010. [A thorough overview of the most common features of liver disease.]
Paumgartner G: Biliary physiology and disease: reflections of a physician-scientist, Hepatology 51:1095, 2010. [How bench top work comes to exert an impact on clinical medicine, sometimes, slowly, over decades.]
Bioulac-Sage P, Cubel G, Balabaud C: Revisiting the pathology of resected benign hepatocellular nodules using new immunohistochemical markers, Semin Liver Dis 31:91, 2011. [From the team largely responsible for the new molecular subclassifications of hepatocellular adenomas.]
Bosman F, Carneiro F, Hruban R, editors: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System, ed 4, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010, WHO Press. [The current bible for tumors of the liver and biliary tree and the rest of the digestive tract.]
Forner A, Llovet JM, Bruix J: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Lancet 379:1245, 2012. [Clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and oncologic perspectives all woven together.]
Razumilava N, Gores GJ: Cholangiocarcinoma, Lancet 383:2168, 2014. [Update on pathogenesis and clinical features.]
Shibata T, Aburatani H: Exploration of liver cancer genomes, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11:340, 2014. [A review hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis seen through the prism of analysis of cancer genomes.] http://ebooksmedicine.net studentconsult.com
The pancreas is a transversely oriented retroperitoneal organ extending from the so-called “C loop” of the duodenum to the hilum of the spleen. Although the pancreas does not have well-defined anatomic subdivisions, adjacent vessels and ligaments serve to demarcate the organ into a head, body, and tail.