endothelial cell   Cell type that forms the endothelium, the epithelium of a blood vessel wall.
endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) A nonclassical MHC class I protein induced on endothelial cells that can interact with the blood coagulation factor XIV (protein C) and can be recognized by some γ:δ T cells.
endothelium The epithelium that forms the walls of blood capillaries and the lining of larger blood vessels.
endotoxins Toxins derived from bacterial cell walls released by damaged cells. They can potently induce cytokine synthesis and in large amounts can cause a systemic reaction called septic shock or endotoxic shock.
enteroadherent Escherichia coli Referring to multiple strains of E. coli capable of attachment to, and infection and destruction of cells of the intestinal microvilli, causing colitis and diarrheagenic diseases.
eomesodermin A transcription factor involved in development and function of certain types of NK cells, ILCs, and CD8 T cells.
eosinophilia An abnormally large number of eosinophils in the blood.
eosinophils A type of white blood cell containing granules that stain with eosin. It is thought to be important chieﬂy in defense against parasitic infections, but is also medically important as an effector cell in allergic reactions.
eotaxins   CC chemokines that act predominantly on eosinophils, including CCL11 (eotaxin 1), CCL24 (eotaxin 2), and CCL26 (eotaxin 3).
epitope A site on an antigen recognized by an antibody or an antigen receptor. T-cell epitopes are short peptide bound to MHC molecules. B-cell epitopes are typically structural motifs on the surface of the antigen. Also called an antigenic determinant.
epitope spreading Increase in diversity of responses to autoantigens as the response persists, as a result of responses being made to epitopes other than the original one.
equilibrium phase Stage of anti-tumor immune response when immunoediting allows the immune response to continuously shape the antigenic character of cancer cells.
Erk   Extracellular signal-related kinase, a protein kinase that is the MAPK for one module of the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. Erk also functions in other receptors in other cell types.
ERp57 A chaperone protein involved in loading peptide onto MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.
error-prone ‘translesion’ DNA polymerases A DNA polymerase operates during DNA repair, such as Polη which can repair a basic lesion by incorporating untemplated nucleotides into the newly formed DNA strand.
escape mutants Mutants of pathogens that are changed in such a way that they can evade the immune response against the original pathogen.
escape phase Final stage of anti-tumor immune response when immunoediting has removed the expression of antigenic targets such that the cancer cells are no loner detected by the immune system.
E-selectin See selectins.
etanercept   Fc fusion protein containing the p75 subunit of the TNF receptor that neutralizes TNF-α used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inﬂammatory diseases.
eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α)   Subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor that helps form the preinitiation complex that begins protein translation from mRNA. When it is phosphorylated by PKR, protein translation is suppressed.
eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) Multisubunit complex that acts in formation of the 43S preinitiation complex. It can bind interferon-induced transmembrane (IFIT) proteins which thereby suppress translation of viral proteins.
exogenous pyrogen Any substance originating outside the body that can induce fever, such as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide LPS. Cf. endogenous pyrogens.