Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention 727 sent adaptive behavior—for example, feigning illness while a captive of the enemy during wartime. Malingering should be strongly suspected if any combination of the following is noted: 1. Medicolegal context of presentation (e.g., the individual is referred by an attorney to the clinician for examination, or the individual self—refers while litigation or criminal charges are pending).
2. Marked discrepancy between the individual’s claimed stress or disability and the ob- jective findings and observations.
3. Lack of cooperation during the diagnostic evaluation and in complying with the pre- scribed treatment regimen.
4. The presence of antisocial personality disorder.
Malingering differs from factitious disorder in that the motivation for the symptom production in malingering is an external incentive, whereas in factitious disorder external incentives are absent. Malingering is differentiated from conversion disorder and somatic symptom—related mental disorders by the intentional production of symptoms and by the obvious external incentives associated with it. Definite evidence of feigning (such as clear evidence that loss of function is present during the examination but not at home) would suggest a diagnosis of factitious disorder if the individual’s apparent aim is to assume the sick role, or malingering if it is to obtain an incentive, such as money.
V40.31 (291.83) Wandering Associated With a Mental Disorder
This category is used for individuals with a mental disorder whose desire to walk about leads to significant clinical management or safety concerns. For example, individuals with wander that places them at risk for falls and causes them to leave supervised settings with- out needed accompaniment. This category excludes individuals whose intent is to escape an unwanted housing situation (e.g., children who are running away from home, patients who no longer wish to remain in the hospital) or those who walk or pace as a result of med- ication-induced akathisia.
Coding note: First code associated mental disorder (e.g., major neurocognitive disor- der, autism spectrum disorder), then code V40.31 (291.83) wandering associated with [specific mental disorder].
V62.89 (R41.83) Borderline Intellectual Functioning
This category can be used when an individual’s borderline intellectual functioning is the fo- cus of clinical attention or has an impact on the individual’s treatment or prognosis. Differ- developmental disorder) requires careful assessment of intellectual and adaptive functions and their discrepancies, particularly in the presence of co-occurring mental disorders that may affect patient compliance with standardized testing procedures (e.g., schizophrenia or attention—deficit/hyperactivity disorder with severe impulsivity).
Assessment Measures ....................................... 733
Cross-Cutting Symptom Measures ........................... 734
Symptom Measure—Adult ............................. 738
Symptom Measure—Child Age 6—17 .................... 740
CIinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity ...... 742
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) .......................................... 745
Cultural Formulation ......................................... 749
Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) ........................... 750
Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI)—|nformant Version .......... 755
Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders ................ 761
Conditions for Further Study .................................. 783
Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome ............................. 783
Depressive Episodes With Short-Duration Hypomania ........... 786
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder .................... 789
Caffeine Use Disorder ...................................... 792
Internet Gaming Disorder ................................... 795
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ................................ 798
Suicidal Behavior Disorder .................................. 801