The mucosal response to infection and regulation 13-12 X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome is associated with fatal infection by Epstein–Barr virus and with the of mucosal immune responses. 514 development of lymphomas. 550 12-15 Enteric pathogens cause a local inflammatory response and the development of protective 13-13 Immunodeficiency is caused by inherited defects immunity. 515 in the development of dendritic cells. 551 regulatory proteins cause defective humoral immune function and tissue damage. 552 when innate defenses have been breached. 518 12-17 Effector T-cell responses in the intestine protect the function of the epithelium. 518 bacterial infections. 553 12-18 The mucosal immune system must maintain 13-16 Mutations in the molecular regulators of inflammation tolerance to harmless foreign antigens. 519 can cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses that 12-19 The normal intestine contains large quantities of result in ‘autoinflammatory disease.’ 556 bacteria that are required for health. 520 therapy can be useful to correct genetic defects. 557 microbiota while preventing inflammation without 13-18 Noninherited, secondary immunodeficiencies are compromising the ability to react to invaders. 521 major predisposing causes of infection and death. 558 12-21 The intestinal microbiota plays a major role in
Summary. 559 shaping intestinal and systemic immune function. 522 12-22 Full immune responses to commensal bacteria
Evasion and subversion of immune defenses. 560 provoke intestinal disease. 524 13-19 Extracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved different strategies to avoid detection by pattern
Summary. 525 recognition receptors and destruction by antibody,
Summary to Chapter 12. 525 complement, and antimicrobial peptides. 560
Questions. 526 13-20 Intracellular bacterial pathogens can evade the immune system by seeking shelter within phagocytes. 563
References. 527 13-21 Immune evasion is also practiced by protozoan  parasites. 565 13-22 RNA viruses use different mechanisms of antigenic variation to keep a step ahead of the adaptive immune system. 566
Chapter 13 Failures of Host Defense  Mechanisms 533 13-23 DNA viruses use multiple mechanisms to subvert NK-cell and CTL responses. 568
Immunodeficiency diseases. 533 13-1 A history of repeated infections suggests a replicate until immunity wanes. 571 diagnosis of immunodeficiency. 534
Summary. 573 13-2 Primary immunodeficiency diseases are caused  by inherited gene defects. 534
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 573 13-25 HIV is a retrovirus that establishes a chronic combined immunodeficiencies. 535 infection that slowly progresses to AIDS. 574
Fighting infectious diseases with vaccination. 729
A-14 Immunoblotting (Western blotting).
A-15 Use of antibodies in the isolation and or material from killed organisms. 730 characterization of multiprotein complexes  by mass spectrometry. 764 16-21 Most effective vaccines generate antibodies that  prevent the damage caused by toxins or that
A-16 Isolation of peripheral blood lymphocytes by density- neutralize the pathogen and stop infection. 731 gradient fractionation. 766