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Figure 32-1. Herpes simplex encephalitis. A. T2-FLAIR coronal MRI, taken during the acute stage of the illness. There is increased signal in the inferior and medial temporal lobe and the insular cortex of the left hemisphere. B. T1-weighted image after gadolinium infusion showing enhancement of the left insular and medical temporal cortices (arrows).
Figure 32-2. MRI of HIV leukoencephalopathy. There are large areas of white matter change that underlie one form of AIDS dementia; cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement are evident.
Figure 32-3. MRI of the cervical cord in a patient with nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis and an asymmetrical, flaccid, bibrachial paralysis. There is T2 signal change in the anterior regions of the gray matter.
Figure 32-4. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). MRI, T2-FLAIR, demonstrates multiple subcortical white matter lesions in both hemispheres (A) and in the left pons (B) in a 31-year-old man with HIV. The lesions did not enhance.
Figure 32-5. MRI showing T2 signal changes in the striatum in a patient with sporadic CJD (left) of 1 month’s duration. DWI sequence showing restriction of diffusion in contiguous bands of cortex and in the striatum (right) in the same case.
Chapter  32    Viral Infections of the Nervous System and Prion Diseases
Among all the neurologic diseases of adult life, stroke ranks first in frequency and importance. The common mode of expression of stroke is a relatively sudden occurrence of a focal neurologic deficit. Strokes are broadly categorized as ischemic or hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke is due to occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel and causes cerebral infarction. Knowledge of the stroke syndromes, the signs and symptoms that correspond to the region of brain that is supplied by each vessel, allows a degree of precision in determining the particular vessel that is occluded and from the temporal evolution of the syndrome, the underlying cause of vascular occlusion can be deduced.