Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder). Trichotillomania is an injurious behavior con- fined to pulling out one’s own hair, most commonly from the scalp, eyebrows, or eyelashes.
The behavior occurs in ”sessions" that can last for hours. It is most likely to occur during a period of relaxation or distraction.
Stereotypic seIf-injury. Stereotypic self—injury, which can include head banging, self- biting, or self—hitting, is usually associated with intense concentration or under conditions of low external stimulation and might be associated with developmental delay.
Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. Excoriation disorder occurs mainly in females and is usually directed to picking at an area of the skin that the individual feels is unsightly or a blemish, usually on the face or the scalp. As in nonsuicidal self-injury, the picking is often preceded by an urge and is experienced as pleasurable, even though the individual real- izes that he or she is harming himself or herself. It is not associated with the use of any im- plement.
Highlights of Changes From DSM-IV to DSM-5 ................... 809
Glossary of Technical Terms .................................. 817
Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress ....................... 833
Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (lCD-9-CM and lCD—10-CM) ................................. 839
Numerical Listing of DSM—5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM) ...... 863
Numerical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (|CD-10-CM) ..... 877
DSM-5 Advisors and Other Contributors ......................... 897 ‘ Highlights °f Changes Fro .
DSM-IV to DSM
C ham 9% mad 9 IO DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and texts are outlined in this chapter in the same order in which they appear in the DSM-S classification. This abbreviated descrip- tion is intended to orient readers to only the most significant changes in each disorder cate- gory. An expanded description of nearly all changes (e.g., except minor text or wording changes needed for clarity) is available online (www.psychiatry.org/ dsmS). It should also be noted that Section I contains a description of changes pertaining to the chapter organization in DSM-S, the multiaxial system, and the introduction of dimensional assessments.
The term mental retardation was used in DSM-IV. However, intellectual disability (intel- lectual developmental disorder) is the term that has come into common use over the past two decades among medical, educational, and other professionals, and by the lay public and advocacy groups. Diagnostic criteria emphasize the need for an assessment of both cognitive capacity (IQ) and adaptive functioning. Severity is determined by adaptive func- tioning rather than IQ score.
The communication disorders, which are newly named from DSM-IV phonological dis- order and stuttering, respectively, include language disorder (which combines the previous expressive and mixed receptive-expressive language disorders), speech sound disorder (pre- viously phonological disorder), and childhood-onset ﬂuency disorder (previously stutter- ing). Also included is social (pragmatic) communication disorder, a new condition involving persistent difficulties in the social uses of verbal and nonverbal communication.
Autism spectrum disorder is a new DSM-S disorder encompassing the previous DSM-
IV autistic disorder (autism), Asperger’s disorder, Childhood disintegrative disorder,
Rett’s disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. It is char- acterized by deficits in two core domains: 1) deficits in social communication and social in- teraction and 2) restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities.