Lumbosacral trunkSuperior gluteal nerveInferior gluteal nerveNerve to piriformis muscleObturator nerve(from lumbar plexus)Sciatic nervePosterior femoralcutaneous nervePudendal nervePerforatingcutaneous nerveNerves to coccygeus,levator ani, and externalanal sphincter musclesAnococcygeal nervesCoccygeal plexusL4L5S1S2S3S4Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetics from S2 to S4)Nerve to obturatorinternus and superiorgemellus musclesNerve to quadratusfemoris and inferiorgemellus muscles
Fig. 5.61 Components and branches of the sacral and coccygeal plexuses.
L4L5S1Sciatic nerveTo obturator internus muscleTo quadratus femoris andinferior gemellus musclesPudendal nervePelvic splanchnic nervesPelvic splanchnicnervePosterior femoral cutaneous nervePerforating cutaneous nerveInferior glutealSuperior glutealLumbosacral trunkCommon fibular partTibial partS2S3S4S5CoTo piriformis muscleAnococcygeal nervesVentral divisionsDorsal divisionsAnterior ramiCoccygeal plexusTo levator ani, coccygeus, and external anal sphincter musclesSacral plexus
Fig. 5.62 Sympathetic trunks in the pelvis.
Gray ramus communicansSympathetic trunksGanglion imparSacral splanchnicnerves to inferiorhypogastric plexus
Fig. 5.63 Pelvic extensions of the prevertebral plexus. A. Anterior view.
B. Anteromedial view of right side of plexus.
L5S1S2S3S4Pelvic splanchnic nerves(parasympatheticsfrom S2 to S4)Sacral splanchnic nervesGray ramicommunicantesSympathetictrunkHypogastric nerveGanglionimparSuperior hypogastric plexusInferior hypogastricplexusPelvic parasympathetics ascendingSympathetics descendingA
Fig. 5.64 Branches of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.
Fig. 5.65 Branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. A. Male.
B. Female.
S1S2S3S4Median sacral artery (from aorta in abdomen)Internal iliac arteryAnterior trunk of internal iliac arteryDorsal artery of penisObturator arterySuperior vesical arteryInferior vesical arteryInferior gluteal arteryInternal pudendal arteryMiddle rectal artery Umbilical arteryA
Fig. 5.66 Uterine and vaginal arteries.
Fig. 5.67 Pelvic veins. A. In a man with the left side of the pelvis and most of the viscera removed. B. Veins associated with the rectum and anal canal.
Internal iliac veinMedian sacral veinMedian sacral veinObturator veinInternal pudendal veinMiddle rectal veinVesical plexusProstatic plexus of veinsAInternal pudendal veinMiddle rectal veinInferior rectal veinSuperior rectal veinTo hepatic portal systemTo caval systemTo caval systemAnal canalPelvic floorRectumBExternal venous plexusInternal rectalplexus
Fig. 5.68 Pelvic lymphatics.
Fig. 5.69 Borders and ceiling of the perineum. A. Boundaries of the perineum. B. Perineal membrane.
Fig. 5.70 Ischio-anal fossae and their anterior recesses. A. Anterolateral view with left pelvic wall removed. B. Inferior view.