Vestibular membraneScala vestibuliModiolusLamina of modiolusScala tympaniBasilar membraneSpiral ligamentSpiral organ
Fig. 8.133 A. Facial nerve in the temporal bone. B. Chorda tympani in the temporal bone.
Fig. 8.134 Transmission of sound.
Fig. 8.135 Temporal and infratemporal fossae.
Zygomatic archArticular tubercleMandibular fossaGroove for middletemporal arteryRamus of mandibleExternal acousticmeatusSupramastoid crestTemporal fossaInfratemporal fossaMasseter muscle
Fig. 8.136 Bony features related to the temporal and infratemporal fossae.
Greater wingof sphenoid boneFrontal boneFrontal process ofzygomatic boneZygomaticofacialforamenZygomaticotemporalforamen(on deep surface ofzygomatic bone)Posterior surfaceof maxillaZygomatic boneMaxillary process ofzygomatic boneLateral plate of pterygoidprocess of sphenoid bonePalatine bonePterygopalatinefossaTympanomastoidfissureMastoid processTympanic plateSpine of sphenoidStyloid processPterygomaxillary fissure(leading into pterygopalatine fossa)PterygoidhamulusExternal acousticmeatusSupramastoid crestGroove for middletemporal arteryMandibular fossaArticular tubercleForamen spinosumInfratemporal crestForamen ovaleInfratemporalsurface of maxillaAlveolar foramenPetrotympanic fissureSquamous part oftemporal bone
Fig. 8.137 Mandible. A. Lateral view of left side. B. Medial view of left side.
Fig. 8.138 Temporomandibular joint. A. Mouth closed. B. Mouth open.
ABUpper joint cavityArticular discArticular tubercleFibrocartilage onarticular surfaceCapsuleLower joint cavitySynovialmembraneMandibular fossaForward movement of discand mandible at upper jointLateral pterygoidmuscleProtrusionDepressionHinge movementat lower joint
Fig. 8.139 Ligaments associated with the temporomandibular joint.
Fig. 8.140 Movements of the temporomandibular joint.
Protrusion• Lateral pterygoid assisted  by medial pterygoidRetraction• Posterior fibers of temporalis,  deep part of masseter, and  geniohyoid and digastricDepression• Gravity• Digastric, geniohyoid, and  mylohyoid musclesElevation• Temporalis, masseter,  medial pterygoid
Fig. 8.141 Masseter muscle.
Fig. 8.142 Temporal fossa. A. Lateral view. B. Lateral view showing the infratemporal fossa.
Fig. 8.143 Temporalis muscle. Lateral view.
Fig. 8.144 Nerves and arteries of the temporal fossa.
Temporal fasciaZygomaticotemporal nerve(branch of maxillary nerve [V2])Deep temporal arteriesMandibular nerve [V3]Deep temporal nervesZygomaticofacial nerveInfratemporal crestMaxillary artery in infratemporal fossaExternal carotid arterySuperficial temporal arteryMiddle temporal arteryTemporalis muscle
Fig. 8.145 Borders of the infratemporal fossa.