Fig. 2.9 Spinal nerves (transverse section).
Fig. 2.10 Relationships of the back to other regions.
Cervical region• supports and moves head• transmits spinal cord and   vertebral arteries between   head and neck Thoracic region• support for thoraxLumbar region• support for abdomenSacral region• transmits weight to lower   limbs through pelvic bones• framework for posterior   aspect of pelvisVertebral arteries travelin transverse processes ofC6-C1, then pass throughforamen magnum
Fig. 2.11 Vertebral canal, spinal cord, and spinal nerves.
1121110112233445595678412345678123C8T1T2T3T4T5T6T7T8T9T10T11T12L1L2L3L4L5S1S2S3S4S5CoC7C6C5C4Cervicalenlargement(of spinal cord)C2C3C1SubarachnoidspaceLumbosacralenlargement(of spinal cord)Arachnoid materEnd of spinalcord at LI–LIIvertebraeEnd ofsubarachnoidspace–sacralvertebra IIDura materPedicles ofvertebraeSpinalganglion
Fig. 2.12 Intervertebral foramina.
Fig. 2.13 Dermatomes innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves.
C2C3C4T2T3T4T5T6T7T8T9L5S1S2S4S3S5, Co*The dorsal rami of L4 and L5 may not have cutaneousbranches and may therefore not be represented asdermatomes on the backL4L3L2L1T11T12T10
Fig. 2.14 Vertebrae.
Fig. 2.15 Radiograph of cervical region of vertebral column. A. Anteroposterior view. B. Lateral view.
ARib IICIISpinous process of CVII
Vertebralbody of CIIILocation ofintervertebral discVertebra prominens(spinous process of CVII)Posterior tubercleof CI (atlas)B
Fig. 2.16 Radiograph of thoracic region of vertebral column. A. Anteroposterior view. B. Lateral view.
RibPedicleLocation of intervertebral discSpinous processTransverse processVertebral bodyA
BIntervertebral foramenVertebral bodyLocation of intervertebral disc
Fig. 2.17 Radiograph of lumbar region of vertebral column. A. Anteroposterior view. B. Lateral view.
RibTransverse processPedicleSpinous process of LIVA
Location ofintervertebral discVertebral body of LIIIIntervertebral foramenB
Fig. 2.18 Development of the vertebrae.
Fig. 2.19 Typical vertebra.
Fig. 2.20 Regional vertebrae. A. Typical cervical vertebra.
B. Atlas and axis. C. Typical thoracic vertebra. D. Typical lumbar vertebra.
E. Sacrum. F. Coccyx.