Quiet respirationForced inspirationPhonationEffort closureSwallowingVocal foldVocal foldsclosedVestibular foldVestibularfolds closedAry-epiglottic foldLaryngeal inletLaryngealinlet narrowedEpiglottis swingsdown to arytenoidsEpiglottis• Vocal folds    abducted   and rima glottidis   wide open• Vestibule open• Vocal folds    adducted and    stridulating as   air is forced    between them• Vestibule open• Vocal folds and    vestibular folds    adducted• Rima glottidis and   vestibule closedABCDE
Fig. 8.226 Arterial supply of the larynx, left lateral view.
Fig. 8.227 Venous drainage of the larynx, anterior view.
Superior laryngeal veinMiddle thyroid veinSuperior thyroid veinThyrohyoid membraneMedian cricothyroid ligamentInferior thyroid veinThyroid glandManubrium of sternumRight subclavian veinInferior laryngeal veinRight internal jugular veinHyoid bone
Fig. 8.228 Innervation of the larynx.
Inferior vagal ganglionLeft vagus nerveThyrohyoid membranePosition of vocal foldsMedian cricothyroid ligamentLeft recurrent laryngeal nerveTracheaLeft subclavian arteryAortic archLeft pulmonary arteryRight pulmonary arteryLigamentum arteriosumPulmonary trunkEsophagusManubriumRight subclavian arteryRight recurrent laryngeal nerveCricothyroid muscleRight vagus nerveExternal laryngeal nerveSuperior laryngeal nerveInternal laryngeal nerve
Fig. 8.229 Nasal cavities (anterolateral view). Relationship to other cavities.
Fig. 8.230 Nasal cavities. A. Floor, roof, and lateral walls. B. Conchae on lateral walls. C. Coronal section. D. Air channels in right nasal cavity.
Fig. 8.231 Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct.
Fig. 8.232 Regions of the nasal cavities.
Fig. 8.233 Ethmoid bone. A. Overall shape. B. Coronal section through skull.
ABAnteriorPosteriorCrista galliLeft ethmoidal labyrinthOrbital plateUncinate processMiddle conchaPerpendicular plateChannel for frontonasal ductopening into frontal sinusRight ethmoidal labyrinthCribriform plateSuperior conchaEthmoidal bullaMiddle conchaUncinate processInfundibulumCranial cavityCribriform platePerpendicular plateNasal cavitiesOrbitOrbitMiddle ethmoidal cellsSuperior conchaEthmoidal bullaMiddle conchaUncinate processInferior concha boneVomerOral cavityPalatine process of maxillary boneMaxillarysinusMaxillarysinusOrbital plate ofethmoidal labyrinthOrbital plate offrontal boneCrista galli
Fig. 8.234 External nose.
Nasal boneFrontal process of maxillaLacrimal boneNasolacrimal grooveMinor alar cartilagesSeptal cartilageNarisMajor alarcartilageSuperior margin ofseptal cartilageLateral process ofseptal cartilage
Fig. 8.235 Paranasal sinuses. A. Anterior view. B. Posteroanterior skull radiograph.
C. Paramedian view of right nasal cavity. D. Lateral skull radiograph.