Cunningham FG: Shoulder dystocia. In Yeomans ER, Hofman BL, Gilstrap LC III, et al (eds): Cunningham and Gilstrap's Operative Obstetrics, 3rd ed. New York, McGraw-Hill Education, 2017 Cunningham FG: he Ritgen maneuver: another sacred cow questioned. Obstet Gynecol 112:210,r2008 Davies R, Davis 0, Pearce M, et al: The efect of waterbirth on neonatal mortaliry and morbidiry: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ]BI Database System Rev Implement Rep 13(10): 180, 2015 Declercq E, Macdorman MF, Menacker F, et al: Characteristics of planned and unplanned home births in 19 states. Obstet Gynecol 116(1):93,r2010 de ]onge A, Geerts CC, van der Goes BY, et al: Perinatal mortality and morbidity up to 28 days after birth among 743 070 low-risk planned home and hospital births: a cohort study based on three merged national perinatal databases. B]OG 122(5):720,r2015 de Leeuw ]W, Struijk Pc, Vierhout ME, et al: Risk factors for third degree perineal ruptures during delivery. B]OG 108(4):383,r2001 Deneux-Tharaux C, Macfarlane A, Winter C, et al: Policies for manual removal of placenta at vaginal delivery: variations in timing within Europe. B]OG 116(1):119,r2009
Deneux-haraux C, Sentilhes L, Maillard F, et al: Efect of routine controlled cord traction as part of the active management of the third stage oflabour on postpartum haemorrhage: multicetre randomised controlled trial (TRACOR). BM] 346:0541, 2013
Desbriere R, Blanc], Le Du R, et al: Is maternal posturing during labor eiciet in preventing persistet occiput posterior position? A randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet GynecoI208(1):60.el, 2013 de Souza Bosco Paiva C, Junqueira Vasconcellos de Oliveira SM, Amorim Francisco A, et al: Length of perineal pain relief after ice pack application: a quasi-experimental study. Women Birth 29(2): 117, 2016
Dombrowski MP, Bottoms SF, Saleh AA, et al: Third stage of labor: analysis of duration and clinical practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172: 1279, 1995
Du Y, Ye M, Zheng F: Active management of the third stage oflabor with and without controlled cord traction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 93(7):626, 2014
Dua A, Whitworth M, Dugdale A, et al: Perineal length: norms in gravid women in the irst stage of labour. Int Urogynecol ] Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 20(11):1361,r2009
Duggal N, Mercado e, Daniels K, et al: Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postpartum perineal wound complications: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecolrlll(6):1268, 2008
Dupuis 0, Ruimark S, Corinne 0, et al: Fetal head position during the second stage of labor: comparison of digital vaginal examination and transabdominal ultrasonographic examination. Eur ] Obstet Gynecol Reprod Bioi 123(2):193,r2005