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ABC transporters A large family of membrane transport proteins that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transfer peptides or small molecules across membranes. (Figure 11–16) acetyl CoA   Small water-soluble activated carrier molecule. Consists of an acetyl group linked to coenzyme A (CoA) by an easily hydrolyzable thioester bond. (Figure 2–38) acetylcholine receptor (AChR) Membrane protein that responds to binding of acetylcholine (ACh). The nicotinic AChR is a transmitter-gated ion channel that opens in response to ACh. The muscarinic AChR is not an ion channel, but a G-protein-coupled cell-surface receptor.
acid   A proton donor. Substance that releases protons (H+) when dissolved in water, forming hydronium ions (H3O+) and lowering the pH. (Panel 2–2, pp. 92–93) acid hydrolases   Hydrolytic enzymes—including proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, phospholipases, phosphatases, and sulfatases—that work best at acidic pH; these enzymes are found within the lysosome.