NCD with Lewy bodies, and NCDs due to traumatic brain injury, a substance/ medication,
HIV infection, prion disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, another medical con- dition, and multiple etiologies, respectively. Unspecified NCD is also included as a diagnosis.
The criteria for personality disorders in Section II of DSM-5 have not changed from those in
DSM-IV. An alternative approach to the diagnosis of personality disorders was developed for Personality Disorders”). For the general criteria for personality disorder, presented in
Section III, a revised personality functioning criterion (Criterion A) has been developed based on a literature review of reliable clinical measures of core impairments central to per- sonality pathology. A diagnosis of personality disorder—trait specified, based on moderate or greater impairment in personality functioning and the presence of pathological personal- ity traits, replaces personality disorder not otherwise specified and provides a much more in- formative diagnosis for individuals who are not optimally described as having a specific personality disorder. A greater emphasis on personality functioning and trait—based criteria increases the stability and empirical bases of the disorders. Personality functioning and per- sonality traits also can be assessed whether or not the individual has a personality disor- der—a feature that provides clinically useful information about all individuals.
An overarching change from DSM-IV is the addition of the course specifiers ”in a controlled environment” and ”in remission” to the diagnostic criteria sets for all the paraphilic disor- ders. These specifiers are added to indicate important changes in an individual’s status. In
DSM-S, paraphilias are not ipsofucto mental disorders. There is a distinction between paraphil- ias and paraphilic disorders. A paraphilic disorder is a paraphilia that is currently causing dis- tress or impairment to the individual or a paraphilia whose satisfaction has entailed personal harm, or risk of harm, to others. A paraphilia is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for having a paraphilic disorder, and a paraphilia by itself does not automatically justify or require clinical intervention. The distinction between paraphilias and paraphilic disorders was im- plemented without making any changes to the basic structure of the diagnostic criteria as they had existed since DSM-III-R. The change proposed for DSM-S is that individuals who meet both Criterion A and Criterion B would now be diagnosed as having a paraphilic disorder. A diagnosis would not be given to individuals whose symptoms meet Criterion A but not Cri- terion B—that is, to individuals who have a paraphilia but not a paraphilic disorder.
*:._ , Glossary of affect A pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of a subjectively experi- enced feeling state (emotion). Examples of affect include sadness, elation, and anger. In contrast to mood, which refers to a pervasive and sustained emotional ”climate,” affect refers to more ﬂuctuating changes in emotional "weather." What is considered the nor- mal range of the expression of affect varies considerably, both within and among dif- ferent cultures. Disturbances in affect include blunted Significant reduction in the intensity of emotional expression.
flat Absence or near absence of any sign of affective expression.
inappropriate Discordance between affective expression and the content of speech or ideation.
labile Abnormal variability in affect with repeated, rapid, and abrupt shifts in af- fective expression.
restricted or constricted Mild reduction in the range and intensity of emotional ex- pression.
affective blunting See AFFECT.
agitation (psychomotor) See PSYCHOMOTOR AGITATION.
agnosia Loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells that occurs in the absence of either impairment of the specific sense or significant memory loss.