LaminaSpinous processTransverse processPedicleVertebral bodyPosteriorAnteriorVertebral foramenSuperior demifacetFacet for articulation with tubercle of ribSuperiorPosteriorInferiorAnteriorFacet for articulationwith tubercle of ribDemifacets for articulation with head of ribsSuperior articular processInferior articular processSuperior viewSuperolateral view
Fig. 3.19 Atypical thoracic vertebrae.
Vertebra TIVertebra TXVertebra TXISuperior costal facet for head of rib ISingle complete costal facet for head of rib XNo costal facet on transverse process
Fig. 3.20 Ribs.
Fig. 3.21 A typical rib. A. Anterior view. B. Posterior view of proximal end of rib.
Fig. 3.22 Atypical ribs.
Fig. 3.23 Sternum.
Fig. 3.24 Costovertebral joints.
Joint capsuleVertebraVertebraDiscRibJoint  cavitiesCostotransverse jointCostotransverse ligamentSuperior costotransverse ligamentLateral costotransverseligamentJoint with vertebral bodyIntra-articular ligamentSuperolateral viewSuperior view
Fig. 3.25 Sternocostal joints.
Fig. 3.26 Intercostal space. A. Anterolateral view. B. Details of an intercostal space and relationships.
Intercostal space. C. Transverse section.
Posterior ramus of spinal nerveLateral branches ofintercostal nerveand vesselsAnterior cutaneousbranch ofintercostal nerve Anterior perforatingbranches ofintercostal vessels Intercostal nerveCostal grooveAortaInternal thoracic arteryand veinPosterior intercostal artery and veinAnterior intercostal artery and veinCollateral branches ofintercostal nerve and vesselsIntercostal veinIntercostal arteryVisceral pleuraParietal pleuraEndothoracic fasciaPleural cavityLungIntercostal nerveCollateral branchesInternal intercostal muscleExternal intercostal muscleSerratus anterior muscleInnermost intercostal muscleSuperficial fasciaSkinAB
Fig. 3.27 Intercostal muscles.
Fig. 3.28 A. Subcostal muscles. B. Transversus thoracis muscles.
Fig. 3.29 Arteries of the thoracic wall.
Superior epigastric arteryInternal thoracic arteryAortaAnterior perforatingbranchesAnterior intercostal arteryCollateral branch of posteriorintercostal arterySupreme intercostal arteryPosterior intercostal arteryMusculophrenic arterySubclavian arteryCostocervical trunk
Fig. 3.30 Veins of the thoracic wall.
Fig. 3.31 Major lymphatic vessels and nodes of the thoracic wall.
Fig. 3.32 Intercostal nerves.
Fig. 3.33 Right thoracotomy for esophageal cancer with intrathoracic large-bore drain. In this case, a neo-esophagus has been fashioned from the stomach.
Fig. 3.34 Diaphragm.
Fig. 3.35 Movement of thoracic wall during breathing. A. Pump handle movement of ribs and sternum. B. Bucket handle movement of ribs.
BuckethandlemovementElevation of lateralshaft of ribSuperior and anteriormovement of sternumBAPump handle
Fig. 3.36 Chest radiograph showing an elevated right hemidiaphragm in a patient with right-sided diaphragmatic paralysis.
Fig. 3.37 Pleural cavities.
Fig. 3.38 Parietal pleura.