Gold, M.J., Antignano, F., Halim, T.Y.F., Hirota, J.A., Blanchet, M.-R., Zaph, C., Takei, F., and McNagny, K.M.: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells facilitate sensitization to local, but not systemic, TH2-inducing allergen exposures. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2014, 133:1142–1148.
He, J.S., Narayanan, S., Subramaniam, S., Ho, W.Q., Lafaille, J.J., and Curotto de Lafaille, M.A.: Biology of IgE production: IgE cell differentiation and the memory of IgE responses. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. Immunol. 2015, 388:1–19.
Kumar, V.: Innate lymphoid cells: new paradigm in immunology of inflammation. Immunol. Lett. 2014, 157:23–37.
C. Allergic contact dermatitis can be mediated by CD4 or CD8 T cells.
D. Mice deficient in B cells or complement have impaired contact hypersensitivity reactions.
14.11 Short Answer: Describe the perceived need for the endotyping system for asthma.
14.12 True or False: Allergic asthma can be triggered by factors other than the initial specific allergen.
Mikhak, Z., and Luster, A.D.: The emergence of basophils as antigen-presenting cells in Th2 inflammatory responses. J. Mol. Cell Biol. 2009, 1:69–71.
Mirchandani, A.S., Salmond, R.J., and Liew, F.Y.: Interleukin-33 and the function of innate lymphoid cells. Trends Immunol. 2012, 33:389–396.
Platzer, B., Baker, K., Vera, M.P., Singer, K., Panduro, M., Lexmond, W.S., Turner, D., Vargas, S. O., Kinet, J.-P., Maurer, D., et al.: Dendritic cell-bound IgE functions to restrain allergic inflammation at mucosal sites. Mucosal Immunol. 2015, 8:516–532.
Spencer, L.A., and Weller, P.F.: Eosinophils and Th2 immunity: contemporary insights. Immunol. Cell Biol. 2010, 88:250–256.
Wu, L.C., and Zarrin, A.A.: The production and regulation of IgE by the immune system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2014, 14:247-259.
14-2 Although many types of antigens can cause allergic sensitization, proteases are common sensitizing agents.
Alvarez, D., Arkinson, J.L., Sun, J., Fattouh, R., Walker, T., and Jordana, M.: TH2 differentiation in distinct lymph nodes influences the site of mucosal TH2 immune-inflammatory responses. J. Immunol. 2007, 179:3287–3296.
Brown, S.J., and McLean, W.H.I.: One remarkable molecule: Filaggrin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2012, 132:751–762.
Grunstein, M.M., Veler, H., Shan, X., Larson, J., Grunstein, J.S., and Chuang, S.: Proasthmatic effects and mechanisms of action of the dust mite allergen, Der p 1, in airway smooth muscle. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2005, 116:94–101.