LumbarIliohypogastric (L1)Genitofemoral (L1, L2)Lateral cutaneous nerveof thigh (L2, L3)Obturator nerve (L2 to L4)Femoral nerve (L2 to L4)SacralSuperior gluteal nerve (L4 to S1)Sciatic nerve (L4 to S3)Inferior gluteal nerve (L5 to S2)Pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)Tibial nerve (branch of sciatic)(L4 to S3)Common fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)(L4 to S2)Sacrospinous ligamentIlio-inguinal (L1)LVLIVLIIILIILI
Fig. 6.16 Dermatomes of the lower limb. Dots indicate autonomous zones (i.e., with minimal overlap).
Fig. 6.17 Movements generated by myotomes.
L1, L2L3, L4L5 to S2S1, S2Adduction of toes S2, S3
Fig. 6.18 Major nerves of the lower limb (colors indicate regions of motor innervation).
Femoral nerve(anterior compartmentof thigh)Obturator(medial compartmentof thigh)Commonfibular nerveSuperficial branch(lateral compartment of leg)Deep branch(anterior compartment of leg)Sciatic nerve(posterior compartmentof thigh, leg, andsole of foot)Superior and inferiorgluteal nerves
Fig. 6.19 Regions of skin innervated by peripheral nerves.
Obturator nerveFemoral nerve (anteriorcutaneous nerves of thigh)Femoral nerve (saphenous nerve)Common fibular nerve(lateral cutaneous of calf)Common fibular nerve(superficial branch)Common fibular nerve(deep branch)Medial plantar nervePosterior cutaneous nerve of thigh(from sacral plexus)Posterior rami (L1 to L3)Posterior rami (S1 to S3)Obturator nerveFemoral nerve (saphenous nerve)Tibial nerve (sural nerve)Tibial nerve (sural nerve)Lateral plantar nerveTibial nerve (medial calcanealbranches)Lateral cutaneousnerve of thigh(from lumbar plexus)
Fig. 6.20 Nerves related to bone.
Deep branchCommon fibularnerve (neck of fibula)Superficial branch
Fig. 6.21 Superficial veins.
Fig. 6.22 External surface of the bony pelvis. Lateral view.
LIV spineHorizontal plane through top of iliac crestAnterior gluteal linePosterior gluteal linePosterior superior iliac spineSacrumSacrospinous ligamentIschial spineSacrotuberous ligamentPosterior inferior iliac spineAcetabulumIschial tuberosityIliumInferior gluteal lineIschiumPubisPubic tubercleIliopubic eminenceAnterior inferior iliac spineInguinal ligamentAnterior superior iliac spineAnterior abdominal wallIliac crestTuberculum of iliac crest
Fig. 6.23 Ischial tuberosity. Posterolateral view.
AcetabulumIschial spineFor attachment of sacrotuberous ligamentFor attachment of semitendinosus andlong head of biceps femoris muscleCovered by connective tissue and bursaFor attachment of adductor magnus muscleFor attachment of semimembranosus muscleIschiopubic ramusObturator foramenBody of pubic bone
Fig. 6.24 Acetabulum.
Fig. 6.25 Multiple fractures of the pelvis. Radiograph with contrast in the bladder. A large accumulation of blood is deforming the bladder.