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Figure 41-1. Relation of acute neurologic disturbances to cessation of drinking. The shaded drinking period is greatly foreshortened and not intended to be quantitative. The periodic notching in the baseline represents the tremulousness, nausea, and so on that occur following a night’s sleep. The time relations of the various groups of symptoms to withdrawal are explained in the text. (Adapted from Victor M, Adams RD: The effect of alcohol on the nervous system. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 32:526, 1953, by permission.)
Figure 41-2. Toxic reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy (PRES). Axial T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI in a patient with cortical blindness and severe headache days after receiving vincristine. This syndrome and radiographic findings are more typical following the use of cyclosporine, FK-506, and other chemotherapies. Compare this image to the similar conditions of hypertensive encephalopathy and toxemia shown in Fig. 33-35.
Chapter  41    Disorders of the Nervous System Caused by Alcohol, Drugs, Toxins, and Chemical Agents
DISEASES OF SPINAL CORD, PERIPHERAL NERVE,
Diseases of the Spinal Cord
Diseases of the nervous system may be confined to the spinal cord where they produce a number of distinctive syndromes. These relate to the special anatomic features of the cord, such as its prominent function in sensorimotor conduction and relatively primitive reflex activity; its long, cylindrical shape; its small cross-sectional size; the peripheral location of myelinated fibers next to the pia; the special arrangement of its blood vessels; and its intimate relationship to the vertebral column. Woolsey and Young estimated that approximately 30 diseases are known to affect the spinal cord, of which half are seen with regularity. These processes express themselves in a number of readily recognized ways and, as will be evident, certain diseases preferentially produce special syndromes. This syndromic grouping of the spinal cord disorders, which is in keeping with the general plan of this book, greatly facilitates clinical diagnosis.