Appleby P, Beral V, Berrington de Gonzales A, et al. Cervical cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data for 16,573 women with cervical cancer and 35,509 women without cervical cancer from 24 epidemiological studies. Lancet 2007;370:1609–1621.
168.
Miller K, Blumenthal P, Blanchard K. Oral contraceptives and cervical cancer: critique of a recent review. Contraception 2004;69:347– 351.
169.
Swann SH, Petitti DB. A review of problems of bias and confounding in epidemiologic studies of cervical neoplasia and oral contraceptive use. Am J Epidemiol 1982;115:10–18.
170.
Schiffman MH, Bauer HM, Hoover RN, et al. Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papilloma virus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:958– 964.
171.
Ursin G, Peters RK, Henderson BE, et al. Oral contraceptive use and adenocarcinoma of cervix. Lancet 1994;344:1390–1394.
172.
Castellsague X, Diaz M, de Sanjose S, et al. Worldwide human papilloma virus etiology of cervical adenocarcinoma and its cofactors: implications for screening and prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:303–315.
173.
Chilvers C. Oral contraceptives and cancer. Lancet 1994;344:1378– 1379.
174. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiologic studies. Lancet 1996;347:1713–1727.
175.
Marchbanks PA, McDonald JA, Wilson HG, et al. Oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002;346:2025–2032.
176.
Magnusson CM, Persson IR, Baron JA, et al. The role of reproductive factors and use of oral contraceptives in the aetiology of breast cancer in women aged 50–74 years. Int J Cancer 1999;80:231–236.
177. Lee Huiyan M, McKean-Cowdin R, Van Den Berg D, et al. Effect of reproductive factors and oral contraceptives on breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and noncarriers: results from a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17:3170–3178.
178.
Rooks JB, Ory HW, Ishak KG, et al. Epidemiology of hepatocellular adenoma: the role of oral contraceptive use. JAMA 1979;262:644– 648.
179.
Fiel MI, Min A, Gerber MA, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in long term oral contraceptive users. Liver 1996;16:372–376.
180.
Anonymous. Oral contraceptives and liver cancer: results from the Multicentre International Liver Tumor Study (MILTS). Contraception 1997;56:275–284.