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CHAPTER 15 .
FETAL ANEMIA .........e...e..e...e.. .....e....e.... 300
RED CEll AllOIMMUNIZATION ..e.............e.... 301
FETOMATERNAl HEMORRHAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
FETAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA ...e..e..e...e...e.....e. 307
HYDROPS FETAlIS. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
MIRROR SYNDROMEe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
General dropsy of the oetus is a rare condition in which the oetus and placenta are markedy oedematous. As the result of iniltration with serum the ormer may attain immense proportions and the latter may be increased to three or our times its normal size. Although a good deal has been written on the subject, no satiactory explanation of the anomay has as yet been arrived at.
-J. Whitridge Williams (1903)
Little was written of fetal disorders in the first edition of this textbook. General dropsy described above is today known as hydrops etalis (p. 309). Hydrops is perhaps the quintessential fetal disorder, as it can be a manifestation of severe illness from a wide variety of etiologies. Fetal disorders may be acquired-such as alloimmunization, they may be genetic-congenital adrenal hyperplasia or aA-thalassemia, or they may be sporadic developmental abnormalities-like many structural malformations. In this chapter, fetal anemia and thrombocytopenia as well as immune and nonimmune fetal hydrops are reviewed. Fetal structural malformations are reviewed in Chapter 10, genetic abnormalities in Chapters 13 and 14, and conditions amenable to medical and surgical fetal therapies in Chapter 16. Because congenital infections arise as a result of maternal infection or colonization, they are considered in Chapters 64 and 65.