sonality Disorders,” a proposed diagnostic category for use when a personality disor- der is considered present but the criteria for a specific disorder are not met. Personality disorder—trait specified (PD-TS) is defined by significant impairment in personality functioning, as measured by the Level of Personality Functioning Scale and one or more pathological PERSONALITY TRAN" DOMAINS or PERSONALITY TRAIT FACETS. PD—TS is proposed in DSM-5 Section III for further study as a possible future replacement for other specified personality disorder and unspecified personality disorder.
personality functioning Cognitive models of self and others that shape patterns of emo- tional and affiliative engagement.
personality trait A tendency to behave, feel, perceive, and think in relatively consistent ways across time and across situations in which the trait may be manifest.
personality trait facets Specific personality components that make up the five broad per- sonality trait domains in the dimensional taxonomy of Section III ”Altemative DSM-S
Model for Personality Disorders." For example, the broad domain antagonism has the following component facets: MANIPULA'I'IVENESS, DECEITFULNESS, GRANDIOSITY, ATTEN-
TION SEEKING, CALLOUSNESS, and HOSTILITY.
Glossary of Technical Terms 827 personality trait domains In the dimensional taxonomy of Section III ”Alternative DSM- 5 Model for Rersonality Disorders,” personality traits are organized into five broad do- mains: NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY, DETACHMENT, ANTAGONISM, DISINHIBITION, and PSY-
CHOTICISM. Within these five broad trait domains are 25 specific personality trait facets (e.g., IMPULSIVITY, RIGID PERFECTIONISM).
phobia A persistent fear of a specific object, activity, or situation (i.e., the phobic stimu- lus) out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation that results in a compelling desire to avoid it. If it cannot be avoided, the phobic stimulus is endured with marked distress.
pica Persistent eating of nonnutritive nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month.
The eating of nonnutritive nonfood substances is inappropriate to the developmental level of the individual (a minimum age of 2 years is suggested for diagnosis). The eat- ing behavior is not part of a culturally supported or socially normative practice.
polysomnography Polysomnography (PSG), also known as a sleep study, is a multipa- rametric test used in the study of sleep and as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine. The test result is called a polysomnogram, also abbreviated PSG. PSG monitors many body functions, including brain (electroencephalography), eye movements (electro-oculog- raphy), muscle activity or skeletal muscle activation (electromyography), and heart rhythm (electrocardiography).
posturing Spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity (as seen in
CATATONIA). Abnormal posturing may also be a sign of certain injuries to the brain or spinal cord, including the following: decerebrate posture The arms and legs are out straight and rigid, the toes point downward, and the head is arched backward.
decorticate posture The body is rigid, the arms are stiff and bent, the fists are tight, and the legs are straight out.
opisthotonus The back is rigid and arching, and the head is thrown backward.
An affected person may alternate between different postures as the condition changes.
pressured speech Speech that is increased in amount, accelerated, and difficult or impossi- ble to interrupt. Usually it is also loud and emphatic. Frequently the person talks without any social stimulation and may continue to talk even though no one is listening.
prodrome An early or premonitory sign or symptom of a disorder.
pseudocyesis A false belief of being pregnant that is associated with objective signs and reported symptoms of pregnancy.