Other toxic, metabolic, traumatic, neoplastic, or infectious disorders impairing central or peripheral nervous system function. Individuals with inhalant use disorder may pre- sent with symptoms of pernicious anemia, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, psychosis, major or minor cognitive disorder, brain atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, and many other nervous system disorders. Of course, these disorders also may occur in the absence of inhalant use disorder. A history of little or no inhalant use helps to exclude inhalant use disorder as the source of these problems.
Disorders of other organ systems. Individuals with inhalant use disorder may present with symptoms of hepatic or renal damage, rhabdomyolysis, methemoglobinemia, or symp- toms of other gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, or pulmonary diseases. A history of little or no inhalant use helps to exclude inhalant use disorder as the source of such medical problems.
Individuals with inhalant use disorder receiving clinical care often have numerous other substance use disorders. Inhalant use disorder commonly co-occurs with adolescent con- duct disorder and adult antisocial personality disorder. Adult inhalant use and inhalant use disorder also are strongly associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
A. Recent intended or unintended short-term, high-dose exposure to inhalant sub- stances, including volatile hydrocarbons such as toluene or gasoline.
B. Clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes (e.g., belliger- ence, assaultiveness, apathy, impaired judgment) that developed during, or shortly af- ter, exposure to inhalants.
C. Two (or more) of the following signs or symptoms developing during, or shortly after, inhalant use or exposure:
Dizziness.
Nystagmus.
Incoordination.
Slurred speech.
Unsteady gait.
Lethargy.
Depressed reflexes.
Psychomotor retardation.
9. Tremor.
10. Generalized muscle weakness.
11. Blurred vision or diplopia.
12. Stupor or coma.
13. Euphoria.
D. The signs or symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not bet- ter explained by another mental disorder, including intoxication with another substance.
Coding note: The |CD-9-CM code is 292.89. The |CD-10-CM code depends on whether there is a comorbid inhalant use disorder. It a mild inhalant use disorder is comorbid, the |CD-10-CM code is F18.129, and if a moderate or severe inhalant use disorder is comor- bid, the |CD-10—CM code is F18.229. If there is no comorbid inhalant use disorder, then the ICD-10-CM code is F18.929.
Note: For information on Development and Course, Risk and Prognostic Factors, Culture-
Related Diagnostic Issues, and Diagnostic Markers, see the corresponding sections in in- halant use disorder.
Inhalant intoxication is an inhalant-related, clinically significant mental disorder that de- velops during, or immediately after, intended or unintended inhalation of a volatile hy- drocarbon substance. Volatile hydrocarbons are toxic gases from glues, fuels, paints, and other volatile compounds. When it is possible to do so, the particular substance involved should be named (e.g., toluene intoxication). Among those who do, the intoxication clears within a few minutes to a few hours after the exposure ends. Thus, inhalant intoxication usually occurs in brief episodes that may recur.