LiverSpleenSplenic veinSuperior mesenteric veinSuperior rectal veinInferior rectal veinsInferior vena cavaInferior mesenteric veinLeft gastric veinPortal veinRectumStomachTributaries to azygos veinSuperficial veinson abdominal wallExternal iliac veinInternal iliac veinCommon iliac veinPara-umbilical veinsthat accompany theligamentum teres
Fig. 4.134 Lymphatic drainage of the abdominal portion of the gastrointestinal tract.
Fig. 4.135 Sympathetic trunks.
Fig. 4.136 Splanchnic nerves.
Fig. 4.137 Abdominal prevertebral plexus and ganglia.
Fig. 4.138 Parasympathetic innervation of the abdominal portion of the gastrointestinal tract.
Fig. 4.139 The enteric system.
Fig. 4.140 Posterior abdominal region.
Fig. 4.141 Osteology of the posterior abdominal wall.
Fig. 4.142 Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.
Fig. 4.143 Diaphragm.
Left phrenic nerveRight phrenic nerveInferior phrenicarteryAortaThoracic ductEsophagus with anteriorand posterior vagal trunksLIVLIIILIILISuperior epigastric arteryCentral tendonInferior vena cavaHemi-azygos veinGreater splanchnic nerveLesser splanchnic nerveLeast splanchnic nerveLeft crusSympathetic trunkRight crus
Fig. 4.144 Crura of the diaphragm.
Fig. 4.145 Right and left domes of the diaphragm. Chest radiograph.
Fig. 4.146 Fetal diaphragmatic hernia in utero. T2-weighted MR image. Fetus in coronal plane, mother in sagittal plane.
Fetal vertebralcolumnFetal abdominalcontents (fluid-filledloops of intestine)in left side ofthoracic cavityFetal headNormal fetal lung development on rightside of thoracic cavityFetal diaphragmdeveloped onright sideMaternal lumbarvertebra
Fig. 4.147 Lower esophagus and upper stomach showing a hiatal hernia. Radiograph using barium.
Fig. 4.148 Coronal CT of hiatal hernia.
Fig. 4.149 Retroperitoneal position of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal region.
Inferior vena cavaDiaphragmRight suprarenal glandLeft suprarenal glandRight kidneyLeft kidneyCut edges of peritoneumAbdominal aortaEsophagus
Fig. 4.150 Structures related to the anterior surface of each kidney.
StomachLiverPancreasDescending colonSmall intestineSpleenJejunumRight colic flexureLeft colic flexureDescending part of duodenumRight suprarenal glandLeft suprarenal gland
Fig. 4.151 Structures related to the posterior surface of each kidney.
Fig. 4.152 Organization of fat and fascia surrounding the kidney.
Fig. 4.153 Internal structure of the kidney.
Renal arteryRenal veinPyramid in renal medullaRenal sinusMinor calyxRenal cortexRenal papillaRenal columnRenal pelvisMajor calyxUreterHilum of kidney
Fig. 4.154 A. Renal vasculature. B. CT image showing long left renal vein crossing the midline.
Fig. 4.155 Ureters.