Transverse processDensDensForamen transversariumSuperior viewSuperior viewSuperior viewPosterior viewPosterosuperior viewBAnterior tuberclePosterior tubercleAnterior archLateral massPosterior archFacet for densFacet for occipital condyleImpressionsfor alarligamentsAlarligamentsTectorial membrane (upper partof posterior longitudinal ligament)PosteriorlongitudinalligamentFacets forattachment ofalar ligamentsAtlas (CI vertebra)Atlas (CI vertebra) and Axis (CII vertebra)Atlas (CIvertebra)and Axis(CII vertebra)and baseof skullAxis (CII vertebra)Transverse ligament of atlasTransverse ligament of atlasVertebral bodyTransverse processTransverseprocessSpinousprocessMammillaryprocessSpinousprocessSuperior viewLateral viewSuperior viewFacet for articulationwith tubercle ofits own ribDemifacet for articulationwith head of rib belowDemifacet for articulationwith head of its own ribCDApical ligamentof densInferior longitudinalband of cruciformligament
Anterior viewDorsolateral viewPosterior viewFacet for articulation with pelvic boneEFAnterior sacral foraminaPosterior sacral foraminaCoccygeal cornuIncomplete sacral canal
Fig. 2.21 Radiograph showing CI (atlas) and CII (axis) vertebrae. Open mouth, anteroposterior (odontoid peg) view.
Superior articularfacet of CIIDensInferior articular faceton lateral mass of CI
Fig. 2.22 Intervertebral foramen.
Fig. 2.23 Spaces between adjacent vertebral arches in the lumbar region.
Fig. 2.24 T1-weighted MR image in the sagittal plane demonstrating a lumbosacral myelomeningocele. There is an absence of laminae and spinous processes in the lumbosacral region.
Fig. 2.25 Radiograph of the lumbar region of the vertebral column demonstrating a wedge fracture of the L1 vertebra. This condition is typically seen in patients with osteoporosis.
Fig. 2.26 Radiograph of the lumbar region of the vertebral column demonstrating three intrapedicular needles, all of which have been placed into the middle of the vertebral bodies. The high-density material is radiopaque bone cement, which has been injected as a liquid that will harden.
Fig. 2.27 Severe scoliosis. A. Radiograph, anteroposterior view. B. Volume-rendered CT, anterior view.
Fig. 2.28 Sagittal CT showing kyphosis.
Fig. 2.29 Variations in vertebral number. A. Fused vertebral bodies of cervical vertebrae. B. Hemivertebra. C. Axial slice MRI through the LV vertebra. The iliolumbar ligament runs from the tip of the LV vertebra transverse process to the iliac crest.
Fused bodies of cervical vertebraeA
HemivertebraPartial lumbarization of first sacral vertebraB
Fig. 2.30 A. MRI of a spine with multiple collapsed vertebrae due to diffuse metastatic myeloma infiltration. B1, B2. Positron emission tomography CT (PETCT) study detecting cancer cells in the spine that have high glucose metabolism.
Fig. 2.31 Intervertebral joints.
Anulus fibrosusNucleus pulposusLayer of hyalinecartilage
Fig. 2.32 Zygapophysial joints.
Fig. 2.33 Uncovertebral joint.
Fig. 2.34 Disc protrusion. T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the lumbar region of the vertebral column. A. Sagittal plane.
B. Axial plane.
Fig. 2.35 Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments of vertebral column.