Popliteal fossaPopliteal arteryPopliteal veinCommon fibular nerveBiceps femoris muscle and tendonHead of fibulaPenetrates deep fasciaLateral head of gastrocnemius muscleMedial head of gastrocnemius muscleTibial nerveSemimembranosus muscleSemitendinosus tendonSmall saphenous vein
Fig. 6.133 Finding the tarsal tunnel—the gateway to the foot.
Fig. 6.134 Identifying tendons around the ankle and in the foot. A. Medial side of the right foot. B. Posterior aspect of the right foot. C. Lateral side of the right foot. D. Dorsal aspect of the right foot.
Fig. 6.135 Finding the dorsalis pedis artery.
Dorsalis pedis arteryExtensor digitorumlongus tendon to second toeExtensor hallucislongus tendon
Fig. 6.136 Position of the plantar arch.
Fig. 6.137 Major superficial veins. A. Dorsal aspect of the right foot. B. Anterior view of right lower limb. C. Posterior aspect of the left thigh, leg, and foot.
Fig. 6.138 Where to feel peripheral arterial pulses in the lower limb.
Fig. 6.139 A. Normal knee joint showing the tibial collateral ligament and the medial and lateral menisci. Proton density (PD)-weighted magnetic resonance image in the coronal plane. B. Knee joint showing a torn tibial collateral ligament. PD-weighted magnetic resonance image in the coronal plane.
Fig. 6.140 A. Knee joint showing an intact anterior cruciate ligament. T2-weighted magnetic resonance image in the sagittal plane.
B. Knee joint showing a torn anterior cruciate ligament. T2-weighted magnetic resonance image in the sagittal plane. C. Knee joint showing a torn medial meniscus (the broken off portion of the posterior horn has moved into the anterior aspect of the joint giving the impression of a ‘double meniscus’ in this location). Proton density-weighted magnetic resonance image in the sagittal plane.
AFemurPatellaAnterior cruciate ligamentTibiaBFemurTorn anteriorcruciate ligamentTibiaAnterior cruciateligament fragmentPatellaCMedial femoral condyleTorn posterior “horn”of medial meniscusTibiaAnterior “horn” of medial meniscusDisplaced fragment of posterior hornof medial meniscus
Fig. 6.141 Radiograph (A) and MRI (B) of soft tissue ulceration and erosion in the adjacent calcaneus. After debridement and placement of antibiotics beads in the wound there is progressive healing (C).
eFig. 6.142 Popliteal fossa showing position of the popliteal artery and vein and sciatic nerve. T1-weighted magnetic resonance image in the axial plane.
eFig. 6.143 Pulmonary embolus. Axial computed tomogram.
Left atriumAortaRight inferior pulmonary artery with embolusEmbolus eFig. 6.144 Ankle showing a ruptured calcaneal tendon. T2-weighted magnetic resonance image in the sagittal plane.
eFig. 6.145 A. Normal ankle joint showing an intact anterior talofibular ligament. T1-weighted magnetic resonance image in the axial plane. B. Ankle joint showing a torn anterior talofibular ligament. T2-weighted magnetic resonance image in the axial plane.
Table 6.1 Branches of the lumbosacral plexus associated with the lower limb
Table 6.2 Muscles of the gluteal region (spinal segments in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle)
Table 6.3 Muscles of the anterior compartment of thigh (spinal segments in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle)