mutism No, or very little, verbal response (in the absence of known aphasia).
narcolepsy Sleep disorder characterized by periods of extreme drowsiness and frequent daytime lapses into sleep (sleep attacks). These must have been occurring at least three times per week over the last 3 months (in the absence of treatment).
negative affectivity Frequent and intense experiences of high levels of a wide range of negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, depression, guilt/shame, worry, anger), and their be- havioral (e.g., self—harm) and interpersonal (e.g., dependency) manifestations. Nega- tive Affectivity is one of the five pathological PERSONALITY TRAIT DOMAINS defined in
Section III ”Altemative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders.” negativism Opposition to suggestion or advice; behavior opposite to that appropriate to a specific situation or against the wishes of others, including direct resistance to efforts to be moved.
night eating syndrome Recurrent episodes of night eating, as manifested by eating after awakening from sleep or excessive food consumption after the evening meal. There is awareness and recall of the eating. The night eating is not better accounted for by ex- ternal inﬂuences such as changes in the individual’s sleep-wake cycle or by local social norms.
nightmare disorder Repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well- remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security or physical integrity and that generally occur during the second half of the major sleep episode. On awakening from the dysphoric dreams, the individual rapidly becomes oriented and alert.
lated to any substance of abuse that shares some features with substance-induced addiction.
826 Glossary of Technical Terms obsession Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted and that in most individ- uals cause marked anxiety or distress. The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or ac- tion (i.e., by performing a compulsion).
overeating Eating too much food too quickly.
overvalued idea An unreasonable and sustained belief that is maintained with less than delusional intensity (i.e., the person is able to acknowledge the possibility that the be- lief may not be true). The belief is not one that is ordinarily accepted by other members of the person’s culture or subculture.
panic attacks Discrete periods of sudden onset of intense fear or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom. During these attacks there are symptoms such as shortness of breath or smothering sensations; palpitations, pounding heart, or acceler- ated heart rate; chest pain or discomfort; choking; and fear of going crazy or losing con- trol. Panic attacks may be unexpected, in which the onset of the attack is not associated with an obvious trigger and instead occurs ”out of the blue,” or expected, in which the panic attack is associated with an obvious trigger, either internal or external.
paranoid ideation Ideation, of less than delusional proportions, involving suspicious- ness or the belief that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated.
parasomnias Disorders of sleep involving abnormal behaviors or physiological events occurring during sleep or sleep-wake transitions. Compare with DYSSOMNIAS.
perseveration Persistence at tasks or in particular way of doing things long after the be- havior has ceased to be functional or effective; continuance of the same behavior de- spite repeated failures or clear reasons for stopping. Perseveration is a facet of the broad personality trait domain NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY.
personality Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the envi- ronment and oneself. PERSONALITY TRAITS are prominent aspects of personality that are exhibited in relatively consistent ways across time and across situations. Personality traits influence self and interpersonal functioning. Depending on their severity, im- presence of a personality disorder.