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Figure 16-1. Schematic depiction of brain herniations between dural compartments. Transfalcial (1), transtentorial uncal-parahippocampal (2), cerebellar tonsillar (3), and horizontal (4), causing Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon. Herniations are shown in pink. M = mass.
Chapter  16    Coma and Related Disorders of Consciousness
The term syncope (Greek: synkope) literally means a “cessation,” a “cutting short,” or “pause.” Medically, it refers to an episodic loss of consciousness and postural tone and an inability to stand because of a diminished flow of blood to the brain. It is synonymous in everyday language with fainting. Feeling faint and a feeling of faintness are also commonly used terms to describe the loss of strength and other symptoms that characterize the impending or incomplete fainting spell. This latter state is referred to as presyncope. Relatively abrupt onset, brief duration, and spontaneous and complete recovery not requiring specific resuscitative measures are other typical features.