TABLE Peripheral Gangliaa12.1 aPractical note: Neuron cell bodies seen in tissue sections such as tongue, pancreas, urinary bladder, and heart are invariably terminal ganglia or “ganglion cells” of the parasympathetic nervous system. Ganglia that contain cell bodies of sensory neurons; these are not synaptic stations  Dorsal root ganglia of all spinal nerves  Sensory ganglia of cranial nerves  Trigeminal (semilunar, Gasserian) ganglion of the trigeminal (V) nerve  Geniculate ganglion of the facial (VII) nerve  Spiral ganglion (contains bipolar neurons) of the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve  Vestibular ganglion (contains bipolar neurons) of the vestibular division of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve  Superior and inferior ganglia of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve  Superior and inferior ganglia of the vagus (X) nerve Ganglia that contain cell bodies of autonomic (postsynaptic) neurons; these are synaptic stations  Sympathetic ganglia  Sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia (the highest of these is the superior cervical ganglion)  Prevertebral ganglia (adjacent to origins of large unpaired branches of abdominal aorta), including celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and aorticorenal ganglia  Adrenal medulla, which may be considered a modified sympathetic ganglion (each of the secretory cells of the medulla, as well as the recognizable ganglion cells, is innervated by cholinergic presynaptic sympathetic nerve fibers)  Parasympathetic ganglia  Head ganglia  Ciliary ganglion associated with the oculomotor (III) nerve  Submandibular ganglion associated with the facial (VII) nerve  Pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion of the facial (VII) nerve  Otic ganglion associated with the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve  Terminal ganglia (near or in wall of organs), including ganglia of the submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexuses of the gastrointestinal tract (these are also ganglia of the enteric division of the ANS) and isolated ganglion cells in a variety of organs pair. Following nerve injury, they proliferate and actively phagocytose myelin debris. In general, most of the nuclei (90%) found in cross-sections of peripheral nerves belong to Schwann cells; the remaining 10% is equally  distributed between the occasional fibroblasts and other cells such as endothelial cells of capillaries, macrophages, and mast cells.
Perineurium is the specialized connective tissue surrounding a nerve fascicle that contributes to the formation of the blood–nerve barrier.