Other sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced disorders. Sedative, hypnotic, or anx- iolytic withdrawal is distinguished from the other sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic- induced disorders (e.g., sedative—, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced anxiety disorder, with onset during withdrawal) because the symptoms in the latter disorders predominate in the clinical presentation and are severe enough to warrant clinical attention.
Anxiety disorders. Recurrence or worsening of an underlying anxiety disorder pro- duces a syndrome similar to sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal. Withdrawal would be suspected with an abrupt reduction in the dosage of a sedative, hypnotic, or anx- iolytic medication. When a taper is under way, distinguishing the withdrawal syndrome from the underlying anxiety disorder can be difficult. As with alcohol, lingering with— drawal symptoms (e.g., anxiety, moodiness, and trouble sleeping) can be mistaken for non-substance/medication-induced anxiety or depressive disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder).
Other Sedative-, Hypnotic-,
The following sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced disorders are described in other chapters of the manual with disorders with which they share phenomenology (see the sub- stance/medication-induced mental disorders in these chapters): sedative-, hypnotic, or
Disorders”); sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced bipolar disorder (”Bipolar and Re- lated Disorders”); sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced depressive disorder (”De- pressive Disorders”); sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced anxiety disorder (”Anxiety Disorders”); sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced sleep disorder (”Sleep-
Wake Disorders"); sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced sexual dysfunction (”Sex- ual Dysfunctions”); and sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic—induced major or mild neuro- cognitive disorder ("Neurocognitive Disorders"). For sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication delirium and sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium, see the criteria and discussion of delirium in the chapter ”Neurocognitive Disorders.” These sed- ative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced disorders are diagnosed instead of sedative, hyp- notic, or anxiolytic intoxication or sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal only when the symptoms are sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention.
Unspecified Sedative-, Hypnotic-, 292.9 (F13.99)
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impair- ment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any specific sedative-. hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorder or any of the disorders in the substance-related and addictive disorders diagnostic class.
A. A pattern of amphetamine-type substance, cocaine, or other stimulant use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the follow- ing, occurring within a 12-month period: 1.
2.
3.
10.
11.
The stimulant is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was in- tended.
There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control stimulant use.
A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the stimulant, use the stimulant, or recover from its effects.
Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use the stimulant.