Chapter 14 Fig. 14.5 top photograph from Sprecher, E., et al.: Deleterious mutations in SPINK5 in a patient with congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma: molecular testing as a helpful diagnostic tool for Netherton syndrome. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2004, 29:513–517. Fig. 14.14 photographs from Finotto, S., et al: Development of spontaneous airway changes consistent with human asthma in mice lacking T-bet. Science 2002, 295:336–338. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Fig. 14.24 left photograph from Mowat, A.M., Viney, J.L.: The anatomical basis of intestinal immunity. Immunol. Rev. 1997 156:145–166. Chapter 16
Fig. 16.16 photographs are reprinted from Herberman, R., & Callewaert, D. (eds): Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity by Natural Killer Cells, © 1985 with permission from Elsevier.
-omab Suffix applied to fully murine monoclonal antibodies used for human therapies.
-umab Suffix applied to fully human monoclonal antibodies used for human therapies.
-ximab   Suffix applied to chimeric (i.e., mouse/human) monoclonal antibodies used for human therapies.
-zumab Suffix applied to humanized monoclonal antibodies used for human therapies.
12/23 rule Phenomenon wherein two gene segments of an immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor can be joined only if one recognition signal sequence has a 12-base-pair spacer and the other has a 23-basepair spacer.
α:β heterodimer The dimer of one α and one β chain that makes up the antigen-recognition portion of an α:β T-cell receptor.
α:β T-cell receptors See T-cell receptor.
α4:β1 integrin (VLA-4, CD49d/CD29) See integrins. Properties of individual CD antigens can be found in Appendix II.
α-defensins A class of antimicrobial peptides produced by neutrophils and the Paneth cells of the intestine.
α-galactoceramide (α-GalCer) An immunogenic glycolipid originally extracted from marine sponges but actually produced by various bacteria that is a ligand presented by CD1 to invariant NKT (iNKT) cells.
2B4 A receptor belonging to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family expressed by NK cells, which binds to CD48, another SLAM receptor. These signal through SAP and Fyn to promote survival and proliferation.
19S regulatory caps Multisubunit component of the proteasome that functions to capture ubiquitinated proteins for degradation in the catalytic core.
20S catalytic core Multisubunit component of proteasome responsible for protein degradation.
abatacept An Fc fusion protein containing the CTLA-4 extracellular domain used in treating rheumatoid arthritis that blocks co-stimulation of T cells by binding B7 molecules.
accelerated rejection The more rapid rejection of a second graft after rejection of the first graft. It was one of the pieces of evidence that showed that graft rejection was due to an adaptive immune response.
accessory effector cells Cells that aid in an adaptive immune response but are not involved in specific antigen recognition. They include phagocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, and NK cells.
acellular pertussis vaccines A formulation of pertussis used for vaccination containing chemically inactivated antigens, including pertussis toxoid.