Fig. 4.5 Abdominal wall. A. Skeletal elements. B. Muscles.
Fig. 4.6 The gut tube is suspended by mesenteries.
Branch of aortaGastrointestinal tractAortaDorsal mesenteryVentral mesenteryKidney—posterior toperitoneumVisceral peritoneumParietal peritoneum
Fig. 4.7 A series showing the progression (A to C) from an intraperitoneal organ to a secondarily retroperitoneal organ.
MesenteryVisceral peritoneumGastrointestinal tractGastrointestinal tractGastrointestinal tractParietal peritoneumArtery to gastrointestinal tractRetroperitoneal structuresMesentery before fusion with wallIntraperitoneal part of gastrointestinal tractSecondary retroperitoneal part of gastrointestinal tract ABC
Fig. 4.8 Inferior thoracic aperture and the diaphragm.
Fig. 4.9 Pelvic inlet.
Ala of sacrumS IL VPelvic inletInguinal ligamentPelvic bone
Fig. 4.10 Orientation of abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Thoracic wallAxis of abdominal cavityAbdominal cavityPelvic cavityPelvic inletAxis of pelvic cavity
Fig. 4.11 The abdominal cavity is continuous with the pelvic cavity.
RectumPeritoneumPelvic inletBladderUterusShadow of ureterShadow of internal iliac vessels
Fig. 4.12 Structures passing between the abdomen and thigh.
Fig. 4.13 A series (A to H) showing the development of the gut and mesenteries.
Fig. 4.14 Innervation of the anterior abdominal wall.
Fig. 4.15 Inguinal region. A. Development.
B. In men. C. In women.
Inferior vena cavaRight testicular arteryLeft testicular arteryRight testicular veinLeft testicular veinAortaPelvic brimLeft ductus deferensDuctus deferensInguinal canalSuperficial inguinal ringDeep inguinal ringSpermatic cordRemnant ofgubernaculumEpididymisTestisTunica vaginalisTesticularartery and veinBInferior vena cavaAortaLeft renal arteryLeft ovarian arteryLeft renal veinLeft ovarian veinPelvic inletUterine tubeRound ligament of uterus (remnantsof gubernaculum)UterusSuperficialinguinal ringC
Fig. 4.16 Vertebral level LI.
Jugular notchRightkidneyLI (transpyloric)planePubic symphysisCostal marginPyloric orifice betweenstomach and duodenumPosition of umbilicus
Fig. 4.17 Blood supply of the gut. A. Relationship of vessels to the gut and mesenteries. B. Anterior view.
Fig. 4.18 Left-to-right venous shunts.
Fig. 4.19 Hepatic portal system.
Fig. 4.20 Prevertebral plexus.
Sympathetic inputParasympathetic inputPrevertebral plexusLumbar splanchnicnerves (L1, L2)Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 to S4)Anterior and posterior vagus trunks (cranial)Greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves(T5 to T12)
Fig. 4.21 Boundaries of the abdominal cavity.
Fig. 4.22 Four-quadrant topographical pattern.
Fig. 4.23 Nine-region organizational pattern.
Fig. 4.24 Layers of the abdominal wall.
Fig. 4.25 Superficial fascia.