Preference for being alone to being with others; reticence in social sit- uations; avoidance of social contacts and activity; lack of initiation of social contact.
Avoidance of close or romantic relationships, interpersonal attach- ments, and intimate sexual relationships.
Lack of enjoyment from, engagement in, or energy for life’s experiences; deficits in the capacity to feel pleasure and take interest in things
Feelings of being down, miserable, and / or hopeless; difficulty recov- ering from such moods; pessimism about the future; pervasive shame and/ or guilt; feelings of inferior self—worth; thoughts of sui- cide and suicidal behavior.
Little reaction to emotionally arousing situations; constricted emo- matively engaging situations.
Expectations of—and sensitivity to—signs of interpersonal ill- intent or harm; doubts about loyalty and fidelity of others; feelings of being mistreated, used, and / or persecuted by others.
TABLE 3 Definitions of DSM-5 personality disorder trait domains
ANTAGONISM (vs.
(vs. Conscientiousness)
Behaviors that put the individual at odds with other people, includ- ing an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a concomitant expectation of special treatment, as well as a callous antipathy toward others, encompassing both an unawareness of others’ needs and feelings and a readiness to use others in the service of self—enhancement.
Use of subterfuge to inﬂuence or control others; use of seduction, charm, glibness, or ingratiation to achieve one’s ends.
Dishonesty and fraudulence; misrepresentation of self; embellish- ment or fabrication when relating events.
Believing that one is superior to others and deserves special treat- ment; self—centeredness; feelings of entitlement; condescension toward others.
Engaging in behavior designed to attract notice and to make oneself the focus of others’ attention and admiration.
Lack of concern for the feelings or problems of others; lack of guilt or remorse about the negative or harmful effects of one’s actions on others.
See Negative Affectivity.
Orientation toward immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stim- uli, without regard for past learning or consideration of future consequences.
Disregard for—and failure to honor—financial and other obliga- tions or commitments; lack of respect for—and lack of follow- through on—agreements and promises; carelessness with others’ property.
Acting on the spur of the moment in response to immediate stimuli; urgency and self—harming behavior under emotional distress.
Difficulty concentrating and focusing on tasks; attention is easily focused behavior, including both planning and completing tasks.
Engagement in dangerous, risky, and potentially self—damaging activities, unnecessarily and without regard to consequences; lack of concern for one’s limitations and denial of the reality of per- sonal danger; reckless pursuit of goals regardless of the level of risk involved.
Rigid insistence on everything being ﬂawless, perfect, and without errors or faults, including one’s own and others’ performance; sac- rificing of timeliness to ensure correctness in every detail; believ- ing that there is only one right way to do things; difficulty changing ideas and / or viewpoint; preoccupation with details, organization, and order. The lack of this facet characterizes low levels of Disinhibition.
TABLE 3 Definitions of DSM-S personality disorder trait domains
PSYCHOTICISM Exhibiting a wide range of culturally incongruent odd, eccentric, 01' (VS. Lucidity) unusual behaviors and cognitions, including both process (e.g., perception, dissociation) and content (e.g., beliefs).
Unusual beliefs and Belief that one has unusual abilities, such as mind reading, telekine- experiences sis, thought-action fusion, unusual experiences of reality, includ- ing hallucination-like experiences.
Eccentricity Odd, unusual, or bizarre behavior, appearance, and/ or speech; inappropriate things.