The substance/medication-induced mental disorders are an important part of the dif- ferential diagnoses for the independent psychiatric conditions. The importance of recog- nizing an induced mental disorder is similar to the relevance of identifying the possible role of some medical conditions and medication reactions before diagnosing an indepen- dent mental disorder. Symptoms of substance- and medication-induced mental disorders may be identical cross-sectionally to those of independent mental disorders but have dif- ferent treatments and prognoses from the independent condition.
Functional Consequences of SubstancelMedication-
The same consequences related to the relevant independent mental disorder (e.g., suicide attempts) are likely to apply to the substance/medication-induced mental disorders, but these are likely to disappear within 1 month after abstinence. Similarly, the same func- tional consequences associated with the relevant substance use disorder are likely to be seen for the substance-induced mental disorders.
other specific substance/medication—induced mental disorders are provided in other chapters of the manual with disorders with which they share phenomenology (see the sub- stance/medicat'ion-induced mental disorders in these chapters: ”Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders,” “Bipolar and Related Disorders," ”Depressive Disor- ders,” ”Anxiety Disorders,” ”Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders,” "Sleep-
Wake Disorders,” ”Sexual Dysfunctions,” and ”Neurocognitive Disorders”). Generally, for ICD—9-CM, if a mental disorder is induced by a substance use disorder, a separate di- agnostic code is given for the specific substance use disorder, in addition to the code for the substance/medication-induced mental disorder. For ICD-IO-CM, a single code combines the substance-induced mental disorder with the substance use disorder. A separate diag- nosis of the comorbid substance use disorder is not given, although the name and severity of the specific substance use disorder (when present) are used when recording the sub- stance/medication-induced mental disorder. ICD-IO-CM codes are also provided for sit- uations in which the substance/medication-induced mental disorder is not induced by a substance use disorder (e.g., when a disorder is induced by one-time use of a substance or medication). Additional information needed to record the diagnostic name of the sub- stance/medication-induced mental disorder is provided in the section ”Recording Proce- dures” for each substance/ medication—induced mental disorder in its respective chapter.
A. A problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or dis- tress. as manifested by at least two of the following, occurring within a 12-month period: 1. Alcohol is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
2. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use.
3. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol. use alcohol, or recover from its effects.
4. Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use alcohol.
5. Recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
6. Continued alcohol use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of alcohol.
7. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced be- cause of alcohol use.
8. Recurrent alcohol use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
9. Alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by alcohol.
10. Tolerance, as defined by either of the following: a. A need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or de- sired effect.
b. A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol.