D. TGF-β iv. GaTa3 9.13 Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements is false?
A. TCr signaling is strongest at the csMaC.
B. Cb1, an e3 ligase, mediates degradation of TCrs in the csMaC.
C. Cytoskeletal reorganization directs effector molecule release at the immunological synapse.
D. Integrins such as LFa-1 associate in the sMaC.
9.14 Fill-in-the-Blanks: For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word selected from the list below. not all words will be used; each word should be used only once.
Cd8 T cells can specifically mediate the destruction of infected or malignant cells. In order to do this, Cd8 T cells induce _______ cell death, which can be induced in two different ways. First, Cd8 T cells possess ligands such as _______, _______, or _______ that can induce the _______ apoptosis pathway. In contrast, cell death can also be induced through an intrinsic pathway. To initiate this mechanism, _______ are released, which allow the entrance of granzymes into the cell. once the granzymes have gained access to the cell’s cytoplasm, these can cleave and activate _______, which in turn cleaves _______, allowing _______ to degrade dna. Granzyme B also cleaves _______, and as a consequence disrupts the mitochondrial membrane, allowing for release of _______ and formation of the _______.
General references.
Coffman, R.L.: Origins of the TH1-TH2 model: a personal perspective. Nat. Immunol. 2006, 7:539–541.
Griffith, J.W., Sokol, C.L., and Luster, A.D.: Chemokines and chemokine receptors: positioning cells for host defense and immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2014, 32:659–702.
Heath, W.R., and Carbone, F.R.: Dendritic cell subsets in primary and secondary T cell responses at body surfaces. Nat. Immunol. 2009, 10:1237–1244.
Jenkins, M.K., Chu, H.H., McLachlan, J.B., and Moon, J.J.: On the composition of the preimmune repertoire of T cells specific for peptide-major histocompatibility complex ligands. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2010, 28:275–294.
Springer, T.A.: Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 1994, 76:301–314.
Zhu, J., Yamane, H., and Paul, W.E.: Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2010 28:445–489.
Section references.
9-1 T and B lymphocytes are found in distinct locations in secondary lymphoid tissues.
Liu, Y.J.: Sites of B lymphocyte selection, activation, and tolerance in spleen. J. Exp. Med. 1997, 186:625–629.
Loder, F., Mutschler, B., Ray, R.J., Paige, C.J., Sideras, P., Torres, R., Lamers, M.C., and Carsetti, R.: B cell development in the spleen takes place in discrete steps and is determined by the quality of B cell receptor-derived signals. J. Exp. Med. 1999, 190:75–89.
Mebius, R.E.: Organogenesis of lymphoid tissues. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003, 3:292–303.