Spellacy WN, Buhi WC, Birk SA. The effect of estrogens on carbohydrate metabolism: glucose, insulin, and growth hormone studies on 171 women ingesting Premarin, mestranol and ethinyl estradiol for six months. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;114:378–392.
155.
Knopp RH. Cardiovascular effects of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones over a woman’s lifetime. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158:1630–1643.
156.
Burkman RT, Zacur HA, Kimball AW, et al. Oral contraceptives and lipids and lipoproteins. II. Relationship to plasma steroid levels and outlier status. Contraception 1989;40:675–689.
157.
Godsland IF, Crook D, Simpson R, et al. The effects of different formulations of oral contraceptive agents on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1375–1381.
158.
Mishell DR Jr, Colodyn SZ, Swanson LA. The effect of an oral contraceptive on tests of thyroid function. Fertil Steril 1969;20:335– 339.
159.
Centers for Disease Control Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. Oral contraceptive use and the risk of ovarian cancer. JAMA 1983;249:1596–1599.
160. Centers for Disease Control Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. Oral contraceptive use and the risk of endometrial cancer. JAMA 1983;249:1600–1604.
161.
Dossus L, Allen N, Kaaks R, et al. Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2010;127:442–451.
162.
Beral V, Hermon C, Clifford K, et al. Mortality in relation to oral contraceptive use: 25 year follow-up of women in the Royal College of General Practitioners’ Oral Contraception Study. BMJ 1999;318:96–100.
163.
Cibula D, Gompel A, Mueck AO, et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of cancer. Human Reprod Update 2010;16:631–650.
164.
Ness RB, Grisso JA, Klapper J, et al. Risk of ovarian cancer in relation to estrogen and progestin dose and use characteristics of oral contraceptives. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:233–241.
165.
Kumle M, Weiderpass E, Braaten T, et al. Risk for invasive and borderline epithelial ovarian neoplasias following use of hormonal contraceptives: the Norwegian-Swedish Women’s Lifestyles and Health Cohort Study. Br J Cancer 2004;90:1386–1391.
166.
Smith JS, Green J, Berrington de Gonzales A, et al. Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review. Lancet 2003;363:1159–1167.
167.