Variable costs mainly consist of costs incurred from land preparation up to harvesting, for example: planting material, fertilizer, pesticides, labour, hire of machinery and water
Ndalama zosakhadzikika makamaka zimaphatikiza ndalama zogwira ntchito pokonza malo olima mpaka kukolola mwachitsanzo: mbewu, feteleza, mankhwala, antchito, kubwereka makina ndi madzi