Livingstone alone was blamed for these unsatisfactory conditions, and the resident director of the A L Bruce Estates, who had absolute control over estate policy and considered that educated Africans had no place in colonial society, escaped censure
Livingstone yekha ndi amene anaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha zinthu zosasangalatsazi, ndipo mkulu wa bungwe la AL Bruce Estates, yemwe anali ndi mphamvu zonse pa ndondomeko ya malo ndipo ankaona kuti anthu ophunzira ku Africa alibe malo m'gulu la atsamunda, adathawa kudzudzulidwa 