1 Independent variable is a variable in an equation, whose values make up the domain. 2  In other words, an independent variable in an equation may have its value freely chosen regardless the values of any other variable.
http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/Independent_Variable.html
Therefore, in a formula, a dependent variable is a variable that is implicitly a function of another (or several other) variables. An independent variable is a variable that is not dependent. The property of a variable to be dependent or independent depends often of the point of view and is not intrinsic. For example, in the notation f(x, y, z) , the three variables may be all independent and the notation represents a function of three variables.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)
If the dependent variable is referred to as an explained variable then the term predictor variable is preferred by some authors for the independent variable. Variables may also be referred to by their form: continuous, binary/dichotomous, nominal categorical, and ordinal categorical, among others.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables
In this function, y is the dependent variable and x is the independent variable. Variable used in an experiment or modelling can be divided into three types:  dependent variable ,  independent variable , or other. The dependent variable represents the output or effect, or is tested to see if it is the effect. The independent variable represents the input or cause, or is tested to see if it is the cause. Other variables may also be observed for various reasons.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables
Independent variable definition. An independent variable is a variable that represents a quantity that is being manipulated in an experiment. A dependent variable represents a quantity whose value depends on those manipulations. In the context of a function, the independent variables are the inputs to the function and the dependent variables are the outputs of the function.
http://mathinsight.org/definition/independent_variable
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http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/Independent_Variable.html
The term variable comes from the fact that, when the argument (also called the variable of the function) varies, then the value varies accordingly. In more advanced mathematics, a variable is a symbol that denotes a mathematical object, which could be a number, a vector, a matrix, or even a function. In this case, the original property of variability of a variable is not kept (except, sometimes, for informal explanations).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)
An input value of a function: In y = x2 x is an Independent Variable y is the Dependent Variable. See: Dependent Variable.
http://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/independent-variable.html
n. 1. (Mathematics) Also called: argument a variable in a mathematical equation or statement whose value determines that of the dependent variable: in y = f(x), x is the independent variable.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/independent+variable
In calculus, a function is typically graphed with the horizontal axis representing the independent variable and the vertical axis representing the dependent variable.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables
what is an independent variable in math?
In mathematics, an independent variable is a variable that represents a quantity that is being manipulated in an experiment. In math,  independent variable is a variable that represents a quantity that is being manipulated in an experiment.