Regarding the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled in Shelley v. Kraemer (1948): [T]he action inhibited by the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment is only such action as may fairly be said to be that of the States.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Declared that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. were citizens and that any state that denied or abridged the voting rights of males over the age of 21 would be subject to proportional reductions in its representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Approved by the 39th Congress (1865–1867) as H.J. Res.
http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Data/Constitutional-Amendments-and-Legislation/
The Court reasoned that illegal aliens and their children, though not citizens of the United States or Texas, are people in any ordinary sense of the term and, therefore, are afforded Fourteenth Amendment protections.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
The only privileges which the Fourteenth Amendment protected against state encroachment were declared to be those  which owe their existence to the Federal Government , its National character , its Constitution , or its laws.  16 These privileges , however , had been available to United States citizens and protected from state interference by ...
http://law.justia.com/constitution/us/amendment-14/04-privileges-or-immunities.html
Enforced the 14th Amendment by guaranteeing all citizens of the United States the rights afforded by the Constitution and provided legal protection under the law. Passed by the 42nd Congress (1871–1873) as H.R. 320.
http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Data/Constitutional-Amendments-and-Legislation/
Privileges or Immunities. Unique among constitutional provisions, the clause prohibiting state abridgement of the privileges or immunities of United States citizens was rendered a practical nullity by a single decision of the Supreme Court issued within five years of its ratification.
http://law.justia.com/constitution/us/amendment-14/04-privileges-or-immunities.html
Prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of approximately 80 percent of the housing in the U.S. Prohibited state governments and Native-American tribal governments from violating the constitutional rights of Native Americans. Passed by the 90th Congress (1967–1969) as H.R. 2516.
http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Data/Constitutional-Amendments-and-Legislation/
The last two clauses of the first section of the amendment disable a State from depriving not merely a citizen of the United States, but any person, whoever he may be, of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or from denying to him the equal protection of the laws of the State.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
According to the Court, these sponsors had sought to centralize in the hands of the Federal Government large powers hitherto exercised by the States by converting the rights of the citizens of each State at the time of the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment into protected privileges and immunities of United States citizenship.
http://law.justia.com/constitution/us/amendment-14/04-privileges-or-immunities.html
which amendment prohibited states from violating citizens' civil rights?
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibited States from violating citizen's civil rights. The Fourteenth Amendment prohibited states from violating citizens' civil rights.  