Neurons are the basic information processing structures in the CNS. Everything occurring above the level of neurons qualifies as information processing too. But nothing below the level of neurons does. We shall ignore that this view, called the neuron doctrine, is somewhat controversial.
http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php
Getting really into it. The cell body is the central part of the neuron. It contains the nucleus of the cell (that carries all the genetic material) and numerous organelles that allow protein synthesis (endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, etc) and energy production (mitochondria).
http://www.wingsforlife.com/en/latest/how-does-a-neuron-work-562/
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sensory neurons are nerve cells that transmit sensory information (sight, sound, feeling, etc.). They are activated by sensory input, and send projections to other elements of the nervous system, ultimately conveying sensory information to the brain or spinal cord.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuron
The five basic classes of neurons within the retina are photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The basic circuitry of the retina incorporates a three-neuron chain consisting of the photoreceptor (either a rod or cone), bipolar cell, and the ganglion cell. The first action potential occurs in the retinal ganglion cell. This pathway is the most direct way for transmitting visual information to the brain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuron
A simple structure designed for a complex task. A typical neuron is divided into three parts: the cell body, the dendrites and the axon. The cell body (green color), the center of the neuron, extends its processes called the axon and the dendrites to other cells. Dendrites typically branch profusely, getting thinner with each branching (blue color). The axon is thin but can reach enormous distances (violet color).
http://www.wingsforlife.com/en/latest/how-does-a-neuron-work-562/
The somatic sensory system includes the sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, limb position, heat, cold, and pain. The cell bodies of somatic sensory afferent fibers lie in ganglia throughout the spine. These neurons are responsible for relaying information about the body to the central nervous system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuron
Hence, every information processing system in the CNS is composed of neurons and glia; so too are the networks that compose the systems (and the maps). Clearly, without these two types of cells, the CNS would not be able to do what it does (which is everything having to do with our minds and how we move our bodies).
http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php
This signal is then propagated along the axon (and not, say, back to its dendrites) until it reaches its axon terminals. An action potential travels along the axon quickly, moving at rates up to 150 meters (or roughly 500 feet) per second. Conduction ends at the axon terminals.
http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php
Information flows between the blue neurons through electrical synapses. Information flows from yellow neuron A, through blue neuron B, to pink neuron C via chemical synapses. The following animation illustrates the difference between these two kinds of synapses.
http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php
For any interneuron, its function is to receive INPUT information from other neurons through synapses, to process that information, then to send information as OUTPUT to other neurons through synapses. Consequently, an interneuron cannot fulfill its function if it is not connected to other neurons in a network.
http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php
how does the neuron system function in your body
The neuron system functions in your body by sensory neurons that are nerve cells that transmit sensory information, they are activated by sensory input, and send projections to other elements of the nervous system, ultimately conveying sensory information to the brain or spinal cord. Sensory neurons are nerve cells that transmit sensory information (sight, sound, feeling, etc.). They are activated by sensory input, and send projections to other elements of the nervous system, ultimately conveying sensory information to the brain or spinal cord.