The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900 Earth masses) produces temperatures and densities in its core high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium, making it a main-sequence star.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_system
Of those objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets, with the remainder being significantly smaller objects, such as dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies such as comets and asteroids. Of those that orbit the Sun indirectly, two are larger than the smallest planet. The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_system
Many scientists think our solar system formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust known as the solar nebula. As the nebula collapsed because of its gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk. Most of the material was pulled toward the center to form the sun.
http://www.space.com/56-our-solar-system-facts-formation-and-discovery.html
The sun. The sun is by far the largest object in our solar system, containing 99.8 percent of the solar system's mass. It sheds most of the heat and light that makes life possible on Earth and possibly elsewhere. Planets orbit the sun in oval-shaped paths called ellipses, with the sun slightly off-center of each ellipse. Uncle Milton Solar System In My Room.
http://www.space.com/56-our-solar-system-facts-formation-and-discovery.html
The Solar System's location in the Milky Way is a factor in the evolutionary history of life on Earth. Its orbit is close to circular, and orbits near the Sun are at roughly the same speed as that of the spiral arms.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_system
The Oort cloud is a hypothetical spherical cloud of up to a trillion icy objects that is believed to be the source for all long-period comets and to surround the Solar System at roughly 50,000 AU (around 1 light-year (ly)), and possibly to as far as 100,000 AU (1.87 ly).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_system
Skip to the Questions. At first it might not seem like the study of Earth would be an important part of astronomy. However, Earth is part of our solar system neighborhood, and many things happening on Earth are directly related to other objects in the solar system. Credit: NASA/NOAA/GSFC/Suomi NPP/VIIRS/Norman Kuring Blue Marble 2012.
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/our-solar-system/the-earth
Outer solar system. The outer planets — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — are giant worlds with thick outer layers of gas. Nearly all their mass is made up of hydrogen and helium, giving them compositions like that of the sun.
http://www.space.com/56-our-solar-system-facts-formation-and-discovery.html
Our solar system is a vast place, with lots of mostly empty space between planets. But out there are comets, asteroids and more rocky, frozen objects (including dwarf planets) yet to be discovered in the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud.
http://www.space.com/56-our-solar-system-facts-formation-and-discovery.html
The oldest Earth rocks are about 3.8 billion years old, although some small, very old grains found in sandstone have been dated at 4.1 billion years. The solar system is believed to be about 4.6 billion years old. Therefore, there is little evidence left on Earth about the very early solar system.
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/our-solar-system/the-earth
how is the earth connected to the solar system
Earth is part of our solar system neighborhood, and many things happening on Earth are directly related to other objects in the solar system.