The Judiciary Act of 1789 established three types of federal courts. The Supreme Court, with a chief justice and five associate justices, would meet twice a year in the nation’s capital and hear appeals from lower federal courts and from the state supreme courts.
http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/talking_ej_tp.html
The Supreme Court guaranteed the authority of the Constitution and federal law throughout the nation, while a system of federal trial courts, organized within state borders, reflected the legal traditions of each judicial district and facilitated citizen access to federal justice.
http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/talking_ej_tp.html
2. The Constitutional Outline Article III of the Constitution, drafted in the summer of 1787, offered only the briefest sketch of the court system for the new nation. The Constitution mandated a Supreme Court, but left for the Congress to decide the size of that court and the schedule for its meetings.
http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/talking_ej_tp.html
A Federal System Since its origins in 1789, the nation’s court system has embodied the federal character of the government established by the U.S. Constitution.
http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/talking_ej_tp.html
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention often referred to the Eng-lish philosopher John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government, written in 1690 just after England’s Glorious Revolution of 1688 had strengthened Parlia-ment’s hand against the king.
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/Files/Documents/Books/Our%20Constitution/Chapter%202_Our%20Constitution.pdf
Under the system of government the framers of the Constitution created, the President of the United States combines the monarch’s role as head of state with the prime minister’s role as head of government.
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/Files/Documents/Books/Our%20Constitution/Chapter%202_Our%20Constitution.pdf
The U.S. Constitution stands as the “supreme law of the land,” as it identifies itself in Article VI, which puts federal law above state law, and federal court decisions over state court decisions, when they are in conflict.
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/Files/Documents/Books/Our%20Constitution/Chapter%202_Our%20Constitution.pdf
An equally influential book was The Spirit of the Laws, written in 1748 by the French philosopher the Baron de Montesquieu. Writing while France was still under the rule of an all-powerful monarchy, Montesquieu admired the British system that separated the powers of the monarch, the parliament, and the ju-diciary.
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/Files/Documents/Books/Our%20Constitution/Chapter%202_Our%20Constitution.pdf
Other than creating the Supreme Court, the Constitution said less about the judiciary than any other branch of the government. The Constitution left it to Congress to set the number of justices on the Supreme Court and to create the lower federal courts. Congress did this with the Judiciary Act of 1789.
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/Files/Documents/Books/Our%20Constitution/Chapter%202_Our%20Constitution.pdf
The Constitutional Topics pages at the USConstitution.net site are presented to delve deeper into topics than can be provided on the Glossary Page or in the FAQ pages. This Topic Page concerns Constitutional Checks and Balances. The entire Constitution, especially Articles 1, 2, and 3.
http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_cnb.html
which system of government established by the constitution
A Federal System is a system of Government established by the Constitution. A Federal System of government is established by the constitution.