The Secretary-General of the United Nations formed an Independent Panelto ‘‘investigate and seek to determine the source of the 2010 cholera outbreak inHaiti’’. To fulﬁll this mandate, the Panel conducted concurrent epidemiological,water and sanitation, and molecular analysis investigations.
http://www.ijdh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/The-Cholera-Outbreak-in-Haiti_Where-and-How-it-Begin.pdf
Cholera bacteria in people. When humans ingest cholera bacteria, they may not become sick themselves, but they still pass the bacteria in their stool. When human feces contaminate food or water supplies, both can serve as ideal breeding grounds for the cholera bacteria.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholera/basics/causes/CON-20031469
Causes. A bacterium called Vibrio cholerae causes cholera infection. However, the deadly effects of the disease are the result of a potent toxin called CTX that the bacteria produce in the small intestine. CTX binds to the intestinal walls, where it interferes with the normal flow of sodium and chloride.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholera/basics/causes/CON-20031469
The Epidemics Subside. By the end of the 19th century, cholera epidemics no longer appeared in Europe and North America. The reasons for this are uncertain, but standards of living had risen and many communities had made major changes in sanitation practices and established permanent boards of health.
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/cholera.html
For most of the 19th century, most scientists, physicians and sophisticated lay people believed cholera was not contagious. The observation that a doctor could have daily contact with cholera patients without falling ill led to the conclusions that cholera was not transmitted from person to person.
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/cholera.html
In this chapter, we discuss both the results of the Independent Panel’sinvestigation and the context the report sat within; including background informa-tion, responses to the report’s release, additional research subsequent to our report,and the public health implications of the Haiti cholera epidemic.
http://www.ijdh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/The-Cholera-Outbreak-in-Haiti_Where-and-How-it-Begin.pdf
19th–Century Treatments. Despite the continued discussion about the cause of cholera, over the course of the 19th century the actual treatment of the disease did not change much. Patients with families were cared for at home. Physicians, when called, would use such characteristic treatments as bleeding or opium.
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/cholera.html
MBio 2:e00157-11Hurtado M (2010) Haiti’s cholera epidemic caused by weather, says scientists. The Guardian.Guardian News and Media, LondonIASC (2012) FACT SHEET—Cuseter E-shelter and CCCM—May 2012. Inter-Agency StandingCommittee, Haiti E-shelter/CCCM Cluster, GenevaIJDH (2013) Cholera litigation.
http://www.ijdh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/The-Cholera-Outbreak-in-Haiti_Where-and-How-it-Begin.pdf
Our May 2011 ﬁndingsindicated that the 2010 Haiti cholera outbreak was caused by bacteria introducedinto Haiti as aresult ofhumanactivity;morespeciﬁcally by the contamination of theMeye Tributary System of the Artibonite River with a pathogenic strain of thecurrent South Asian type Vibrio cholerae.
http://www.ijdh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/The-Cholera-Outbreak-in-Haiti_Where-and-How-it-Begin.pdf
A speciﬁc form of the third hypothesis for the sourceof the cholera outbreak, that soldiers at the Mirebalais MINUSTAH camp were thedirect source for the cholera outbreak, was a commonly held belief in Haitiimmediately after the introduction of cholera.
http://www.ijdh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/The-Cholera-Outbreak-in-Haiti_Where-and-How-it-Begin.pdf
what caused the cholera epidemic
Vibrio cholerae caused the cholera epidemic. Vibrio cholerae caused the Cholera Epidemic.