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https://quizlet.com/750710/transcription-and-translation-flash-cards/
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)
During transcription, enzymes called RNA polymerases build RNA molecules that are complementary to a portion of one strand of the DNA double helix (Figure 3). Figure 3: RNA polymerase at work. RNA polymerase (green) synthesizes a strand of RNA that is complementary to the DNA template strand below it.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/ribosomes-transcription-and-translation-14120660
mRNA is the messenger-common to most cells (house keeping) and takes the job that needs to be done to the tRNA. tRNA is the transfer-each is a product of a separate gene, 73-93 nucleotides, each carries one amino acid to the Ribosome.
https://quizlet.com/9795654/protein-synthesis-and-enzymes-flash-cards/
During translation, these tRNAs carry amino acids to the ribosome and join with their complementary codons. Then, the assembled amino acids are joined together as the ribosome, with its resident rRNAs, moves along the mRNA molecule in a ratchet-like motion.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/ribosomes-transcription-and-translation-14120660
All rights reserved. After the transcription of DNA to mRNA is complete, translation — or the reading of these mRNAs to make proteins — begins. Recall that mRNA molecules are single stranded, and the order of their bases — A, U, C, and G — is complementary to that in specific portions of the cell's DNA.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/ribosomes-transcription-and-translation-14120660
In bacteria, transcription begins with the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter in DNA. RNA polymerase is a core enzyme consisting of five subunits: 2 α subunits, 1 β subunit, 1 β' subunit, and 1 ω subunit. At the start of initiation, the core enzyme is associated with a sigma factor that aids in finding the appropriate -35 and -10 base pairs upstream of promoter sequences. When the sigma factor and RNA polymerase combine, they form a holoenzyme.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)
For example, AGC is the mRNA codon for the amino acid serine, and UAA is a signal to stop translating a protein — also called the stop codon (Figure 7). Figure 7: The ribosome and translation. A ribosome is composed of two subunits: large and small.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/ribosomes-transcription-and-translation-14120660
The antisense strand of DNA is read by RNA polymerase from the 3' end to the 5' end during transcription (3' → 5'). The complementary RNA is created in the opposite direction, in the 5' → 3' direction, matching the sequence of the sense strand with the exception of switching uracil for thymine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)
elongation. RNA is synthesized from the template and RNA polymerase moves along the DNA elongating the RNA transcript molecule; an enzyme forms the hydrogen bonds between bases of the DNA strand and the complementary bases of the RNA molecule found in the nucleus.
https://quizlet.com/750710/transcription-and-translation-flash-cards/
what enzyme is used in translation
The enzyme used in translation is ribosome. Ribosome is the enzyme that used in translation.