The Great Depression of 1929-33 was the most severe economic crisis of modern times. Millions of people lost their jobs, and many farmers and businesses were bankrupted. Industrialized nations and those supplying primary products (food and raw materials) were all affected in one way or another.
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5. While not a direct cause of the Great Depression, the drought that occurred in the Mississippi Valley in 1930 was of such proportions that many could not even pay their taxes or other debts and had to sell their farms for no profit to themselves. The area was nicknamed  The Dust Bowl ..
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There are also various heterodox theories that reject the explanations of the Keynesians and monetarists. Some new classical macroeconomists have argued that various labor market policies imposed at the start caused the length and severity of the Great Depression. The Austrian school of economics focuses on the macroeconomic effects of money supply and how central banking decisions can lead to malinvestment.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_the_Great_Depression
Thus the unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920s caused the Great Depression. According to this view, the root cause of the Great Depression was a global overinvestment while the level of wages and earnings from independent businesses fell short of creating enough purchasing power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_the_Great_Depression
The causes of the Great Depression in the early 20th Century are a matter of active debate among economists, and are part of the larger debate about economic crisis, although the common belief is that the Great Depression was triggered by the 1929 crash of the stock market.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_the_Great_Depression
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Stock Market Crash of 1929. Many believe erroneously that the stock market crash that occurred on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929 is one and the same with the Great Depression. In fact, it was one of the major causes that led to the Great Depression.
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Acceptance of the Austrian explanation of what primarily caused the Great Depression is compatible with either acceptance or denial of the Monetarist explanation. Austrian economist Murray Rothbard, who wrote America's Great Depression (1963), rejected the Monetarist explanation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_the_Great_Depression
Dorothea Lange was employed by the Farm Security Administration to document the Depression through the camera lens. Her bleak photos captured the desperation of the era, as evidenced through this portrait of an 18-year-old migrant worker and her child.
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Drought Conditions. While not a direct cause of the Great Depression, the drought that occurred in the Mississippi Valley in 1930 was of such proportions that many could not even pay their taxes or other debts and had to sell their farms for no profit to themselves.
http://americanhistory.about.com/od/greatdepression/tp/greatdepression.htm
what was the fundamental cause of the great depression
The common belief is that the Great Depression was triggered by the 1929 crash of the stock market.