REM sleep is produced by the excretion of the chemical acetylcholine in the pons which is part of the brainstem. Other neurotransmitters (noradrenaline and serotonin) produced by other cells in the pons switch off the REM sleep.
http://userwww.sfsu.edu/art511_j/emerging.2001.f/dagmaramaster/dagmaraproject1f/sleep7/remqa.htm
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, REMS) is a unique phase of mammalian sleep characterized by random movement of the eyes, low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep
REM SLEEP. By Michelle Lease. The mind and body go through several different stages during the course of sleeping. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep accounts for approximately two hours of the total sleep cycle, with the average person experiencing as many as six cycles of REM in an eight hour sleep period. REM sleep is a time of interesting activity. The heartbeat quickens, body temperature lowers, the eyes move rapidly from side to side and other physiological events can occur, including vaginal lubrication and penile erections.
http://academic.pgcc.edu/~mhspear/sleep/stages/rmsleep.html
The right and left hemispheres of the brain are more coherent in REM sleep, especially during lucid dreams. REM sleep is punctuated and immediately preceded by PGO (ponto-geniculo-occipital waves) waves, bursts of electrical activity originating in the brain stem.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep
During REM, the activity of the brain's neurons is quite similar to that during waking hours; for this reason, the REM-sleep stage may be called paradoxical sleep. REM sleep typically occupies 20–25% of total sleep in adult humans: about 90–120 minutes of a night's sleep.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep
The frontal and limbic areas of the brain are concerned with arousal, emotion, memory, and motivation. The back parts of the brain are concerned with abstract thinking and perception. However, the in-between areas (the dorsolateral frontal convexity-the upper end of the motor system) is inactive during sleep.
http://userwww.sfsu.edu/art511_j/emerging.2001.f/dagmaramaster/dagmaraproject1f/sleep7/remqa.htm
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http://www.sciencefocus.com/qa/which-part-brain-generates-dreams
1 In the other 25, loss of dreaming could not be established or was not considered. 2  110 cases published in the neuroscientific literature included reports of loss of dreaming. 3  In all these cases, the damage to the brain spared the pons (the center for REM sleep).
http://userwww.sfsu.edu/art511_j/emerging.2001.f/dagmaramaster/dagmaraproject1f/sleep7/remqa.htm
But whatever the underlying reasons for why dreams arise, the physiological and neurological mechanisms underpinning the act of dreaming are, while still not entirely understood, gradually beginning to become clearer as modern research progresses.
http://www.howsleepworks.com/dreams_how.html
They exhibit their highest amplitude upon moving into the visual cortex and are a cause of the rapid eye movements in paradoxical sleep. Brain energy use in REM sleep, as measured by oxygen and glucose metabolism, equals or exceeds energy use in waking. The rate in non-REM sleep is 11–40% lower.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep
what parts of the brain are active during rem
pons are the part of the brain are active during rem. Pones which are the part of brain are active during rem.