But not all DNA changes are harmful. Some mutations have no effect, and others produce new versions of proteins that may give a survival advantage to the organisms that have them. Over time, mutations supply the raw material from which new life forms evolve (see Chapter 3, Life's Genetic Tree).
https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
RNA Links the Information in DNA to the Sequence of Amino Acids in Protein | Back to Top. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was discovered after DNA. DNA, with exceptions in chloroplasts and mitochondria, is restricted to the nucleus (in eukaryotes, the nucleoid region in prokaryotes).
http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPROTSYn.html
DNA consists of two long, twisted chains made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains one base, one phosphate molecule and the sugar molecule deoxyribose. The bases in DNA nucleotides are adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine.
https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
The DNA code of a gene—the sequence of its individual DNA building blocks, labeled A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine) and G (guanine) and collectively called nucleotides— spells out the exact order of a protein's building blocks, amino acids.
https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
RNA do not function as gene; In DNA there are areas called genes, each gene is a unit of genetic information. Contrast RNA and DNA. Mutations of a single nucleotide in a single gene results in a major change at the cellular level. Infer why mutations always begin at a cellular level in an organism.
https://quizlet.com/4438648/molecular-genetics-flash-cards/
One-gene-one-protein | The structure of hemoglobin | Viruses contain DNA. RNA links the information in DNA to the sequence of amino acids in protein. Transcription: making an RNA copy of a DNA sequence | The Genetic Code.
http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPROTSYn.html
By cutting and pasting the exons in different patterns, which scientists call alternative splicing, a cell can create different proteins from a single gene. Alternative splicing is one of the reasons why human cells, which have about 20,000 genes, can make hundreds of thousands of different proteins.
https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
In 1900, three European scientists independently discovered an obscure research paper that had been published nearly 35 years before. Written by Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk who was also a scientist, the report described a series of breeding experiments performed with pea plants growing in his abbey garden.
https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
Beadle and Tatum proposed the one gene one enzyme theory. One gene codes for the production of one protein. One gene one enzyme has since been modified to one gene one polypeptide since many proteins (such as hemoglobin) are made of more than one polypeptide. The Beadle and Tatum experiment that suggested the one gene one enzyme hypothesis. Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates (www.sinauer.com) and WH Freeman (www.whfreeman.com), used with permission.
http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPROTSYn.html
DNA has a thymine base and RNA has a uracil base. Identify the nucleotide base found only in DNA and the base found only in RNA. Two outside strands consist of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate. Cytosine and guanine bases pair to each other by three hydrogen bonds. Thymine and adenine bases pair to each other by two hydrogen bonds. Summarise the important features of the DNA molecule proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick.
https://quizlet.com/4438648/molecular-genetics-flash-cards/
scientist who discovered the one gene one enzyme concept
Beadle and Tatum  discovered the  concept of one gene one enzyme. Beadle and Tatum are the scientist who discovered the one gene one enzyme concept.