The __ measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance by measuring the quantity of hydrogen ions it contains. 0 to 14. The range of numbers used in the pH scale is __. Soften and swell the shaft. Chemical hair texturizes temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to __.
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Salt Bonds. 1  Relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between positive and negative electrical charges (ionic bonds); They are easily broken by changes in pH, and they reform when the pH returns to normal.
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(The sp-shell is a hybrid formed from one s and one p subshell.) In the covalent bond an atom shares one valence (outer-shell) electron with each of its four nearest neighbour atoms. The bonds are highly directional and prefer a tetrahedral arrangement.
https://www.britannica.com/science/crystal/Types-of-bonds
Hydrogen bonds between an uncharged polar molecule and water tend to be the strongest when the hydrogen atom is in a straight line between two atoms with electronegative atoms. Due to this, hydrogen bonds are considered to be very highly directional.
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Water
This is primarily due to the stabilizing effect caused by the hydrogen bonding between a polar molecule and a water molecule. Ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and compounds that have N-H bonds, form hydrogen bonds with water molecule. These biomolecules tend to be very soluble in water.
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Water
Weak physical side bonds that are also the result of positive/negative electrical charges; they are easily broken by water (wet setting) or heat (thermal styling), and they re-form as the hair dries or cools. Although individual hydrogen bonds are very weak, there are so many of them that they, too, account for about 1/3 of the hair's strength.
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Metallic bonds. Metallic bonds fall into two categories. The first is the case in which the valence electrons are from the sp-shells of the metal ions; this bonding is quite weak. In the second category the valence electrons are from partially filled d-shells, and this bonding is quite strong.
https://www.britannica.com/science/crystal/Types-of-bonds
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It consists of an oxygen atom connected to two hydrogen atoms by polar covalent bonds. It is considered to be the universal solvent for many reasons including its structural, chemical and physical properties. These properties result in the many unique characteristics of water.
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Water
Ionic bonds. Sodium chloride exhibits ionic bonding. The sodium atom has a single electron in its outermost shell, while chlorine needs one electron to fill its outer shell. Sodium donates one electron to chlorine, forming a sodium ion (Na+) and a chlorine ion (Cl−).
https://www.britannica.com/science/crystal/Types-of-bonds
which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges, and are easily broken by changes in ph?
Salt bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges, and are easily broken by changes in pH.