Study electronics. Seriously. A DSO is an incredibly complex piece of electronics, combining both highly advanced analog and highly advanced digital techniques at every step. I can't possibly tell you all you need to know in a Quora answer. And you ask the question as if from the perspective of someone who knows nothing of electronics.
https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-learn-understand-internal-circuit-of-a-DSO-aka-Digital-Storage-Oscilloscope-specially-how-its-controller-works-and-how-protection-works-for-the-inputs
In its simplest form, a digital oscilloscope features six elements — the analog vertical input amplifiers, analog-to-digital converter and a digital waveform memory, a time base which features a triggering and clock drive, the circuits for waveform display and reconstruction, the LED or LCD display, and the power supply.
http://www.testandmeasurementtips.com/what-is-a-digital-oscilloscope/
A Utility handling the distribution of energy for a part of a country or a region. generally on a Medium Voltage (MV) electric line below 220 kV. DSOs interconnect. to TSOs and small power producers. A DSO can also be a power producer. Automation.
http://www.rad.com/Media/28212_Utilities-Glossary.pdf
What is a Digital Oscilloscope? A digital oscilloscope is a complex electronic device composed of various software and electronic hardware modules that work together to capture, process, display and store data that represents the signals of interest of an operator.
http://www.testandmeasurementtips.com/what-is-a-digital-oscilloscope/
1 • Even though one company may operate. hundreds of D areas. • 2  Multi-directional flows within each D area. replace traditional one-way energy flows. • Some DER will be “self-optimizing” & able. to island (micro-grids, smart buildings) • Definition of roles & responsibilities of TSO. & DSO will drive relevance of T-D interface.
http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/workshop_091014/kristov_091114_pres.pdf
Users are discovering that it costs less to have a T1 trunk than a series of leased telephone lines in a point-to-point topology. This increase in the use of T1 requires a fundamental understanding of the technology.
http://www.dcbnet.com/notes/9611t1.html
• Traditional distribution system operation and planning are. not adequate for the high- DER future. • The T-D interface provides a logical focus for re- thinking. electric system operation and architecture. • T-D interface design options & associated DSO functional. roles can be represented along a continuum. • The “minimal DSO” appears to be where most ISO/RTO.
http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/workshop_091014/kristov_091114_pres.pdf
To limit the number of wires required between two involved in exchanging voice calls, a system was built in which multiple DS0s are multiplexed together on higher capacity circuits. In this system, twenty-four (24) DS0s are multiplexed into a DS1 signal. Twenty-eight (28) DS1s are multiplexed into a DS3.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DS0
Digital Signal 0 (DS0) is a basic digital signaling rate of 64 kilobits per second (kbit/s), corresponding to the capacity of one analog voice-frequency-equivalent channel.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DS0
The interface to the customer can be either a T1 carrier or a higher order multiplexed facility such as those used to provide access from (fiber optic) and radio systems.. So in the basic definition there is the discussion that there is a higher order or hierarchy of T1. There is T1 which is, as we have discussed, a network that has a speed of 1.544 Mbps and was designed for voice circuits or channels (24 per each T1 line or trunk).
http://www.dcbnet.com/notes/9611t1.html
dso circuit definition
The definition of a digital storage oscilloscopes are multiplexed together on higher capacity circuits.