Russia passes controversial counter-terrorism legislation
Russia has passed new counter-terrorism measures, prompting criticism from human rights campaigners. The lower house voted on the amendments on 24 January, which will make it a crime not to warn the authorities about a number of offences including planned terrorist attacks, armed uprisings, and hijackings. Individuals who express support for terrorism online will face up to seven years in prison. The country’s telephone and internet providers will now be required to store records of all communications for up to six months, and metadata for three years, while also committing to helping intelligence agencies to decrypt messages. The law has been dubbed the Yarovaya law after Irina Yarovaya, a member of the ruling United Russia party. She is notorious for legislative crackdowns on protesters and non-governmental organisations (NGOs).

Russia’s parliament has passed harsh anti-terrorism measures that human rights campaigners including the NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden say will roll back personal freedoms and privacy.



The lower house of parliament voted 325 to 1 on Friday to adopt the “Yarovaya law”, a package of amendments authored by the ruling United Russia party member Irina Yarovaya, who is known for previous legislative crackdowns on protesters and non-governmental organisations.

Snowden, who has lived in Russia since receiving asylum in 2013, tweeted on Saturday that the “Big Brother law” was an “unworkable, unjustifiable violation of rights” that would “take money and liberty from every Russian without improving safety”.

The legislation makes it a crime to not warn the authorities of “reliable” information about planned terrorist attacks, armed uprisings, hijacking and several other crimes. Expressing approval of terrorism on the internet will now be punishable with up to seven years in prison.

The legislation obliges telephone and internet providers to store records of all communications for six months and all metadata for three years, as well as help intelligence agencies decode encrypted messaging services. Telecoms firms have complained that users rather than providers typically possess the encryption keys, and that storing this huge amount of information would require expensive new infrastructure.

It also appears to take aim at Kremlin opponents and protesters. The maximum punishment for extremism, a charge that has been increasingly brought against social media users critical of Russia’s involvement in Ukraine, will be increased from four to eight years in prison. Encouraging people to take part in “mass disturbances” will become a crime punishable by five to 10 years in prison.

Another amendment restricts missionary work to specially designated areas, drawing criticism from Muslim, Jewish and Russian Orthodox organisations.

The legislation, which was ostensibly adopted as a response to the October bombing of a Russian passenger jet over Egypt, will almost certainly be passed by the upper chamber and signed into law by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin.

Tanya Lokshina, the Russia programme director for Human Rights Watch, called it an attack on freedom of expression, freedom of conscience and the right to privacy that gives law enforcement unreasonably broad powers.

“It’s very infamous provision of Soviet law they’re basically re-enacting, and it’s problematic because there’s no legal clarity,” Lokshina said of the requirement to warn authorities of crimes planned by others. “It’s clearly designed for selective implementation.”

A measure allowing Russians to be stripped of their citizenship following a terrorist conviction or membership in a foreign army, court or security service was removed before the vote.