EU to investigate $66bn Bayer-Monsanto merger
An investigation into Bayer’s proposed $66bn takeover of Monsanto has been launched by the European Commission in relation to “concerns that the merger may reduce competition in areas such as pesticides, seeds and traits". If successful, the merger would create the largest seed and pesticide firm in the world. As the commission observes, the merger would also "take place in industries that are already globally concentrated, as illustrated by the recent mergers of Dow and Dupont and Syngenta and ChemChina”.
 

The European Commission, the European Union’s executive arm, announced Tuesday it has opened an in-depth investigation into Bayer‘s proposed $66 billion takeover of Monsanto over “concerns that the merger may reduce competition in areas such as pesticides, seeds and traits.”

The controversial merger, if successful, will form the world’s largest integrated seed and pesticide company.

“It would combine two competitors with leading portfolios in non-selective herbicides, seeds and traits, and digital agriculture,” the commission stated. “Both companies are active in developing new products in these areas.”

The commission warned that the acquisition could reduce competition in a number of different markets resulting in “higher prices, lower quality, less choice and less innovation.”

The commission’s initial market investigation identified three preliminary concerns, as follows:

Pesticides

Monsanto’s pesticide product glyphosate is the most sold non-selective herbicide in Europe. Bayer produces glufosinate ammonium, also a non-selective herbicide and one of the very few alternatives to glyphosate. According to the commission’s preliminary investigation, Monsanto and Bayer are two of a limited number of competitors in this field capable of discovering new active ingredients and developing new formulations, including addressing the growing problem of weed resistance to existing products. In addition, the commission will further assess both Monsanto’s activities in biological pesticide products that would compete with Bayer’s existing portfolio of chemical pesticide products, and the parties’ overlapping activities in products that tackle varroa mites, a parasite affecting bee colonies in Europe.

Monsanto’s pesticide product glyphosate is the most sold non-selective herbicide in Europe. Bayer produces glufosinate ammonium, also a non-selective herbicide and one of the very few alternatives to glyphosate. According to the commission’s preliminary investigation, Monsanto and Bayer are two of a limited number of competitors in this field capable of discovering new active ingredients and developing new formulations, including addressing the growing problem of weed resistance to existing products. Seeds

Bayer and Monsanto are both active in the breeding of vegetable seeds. The commission’s initial investigation shows that the parties have high combined market shares in a number of these vegetable seeds markets, and that some of their products compete directly with each other. Bayer and Monsanto are also active in the breeding and licensing of seeds for several field crops. Monsanto has the highest market share in oilseed rape seeds in Europe. Bayer, with the highest market share in oilseed rape seeds at global level, is one of the few players with the means to compete intensively in this market. Furthermore, both parties are important licensors of cotton seeds to their competitors in Europe, and both are investing in research and innovation programs for wheat.

Bayer and Monsanto are both active in the breeding of vegetable seeds. The commission’s initial investigation shows that the parties have high combined market shares in a number of these vegetable seeds markets, and that some of their products compete directly with each other. Traits

A trait is a characteristic of a plant, such as height, herbicide tolerance and insect or disease resistance, and can be developed in laboratories and introduced in certain plant varieties. The commission’s preliminary investigation indicates that Monsanto has a dominant position in several traits markets worldwide. Bayer is one of the few competitors to Monsanto in certain traits markets, and has notably developed alternative herbicide tolerance traits to Monsanto’s. The commission will investigate in particular whether the transaction could lead to a reduction of competition in these markets, taking into account the existing links between the few worldwide competitors through cross-licensing and through research and development cooperations.

“Moreover,” the commission noted, “the transaction would take place in industries that are already globally concentrated, as illustrated by the recent mergers of Dow and Dupont and Syngenta and ChemChina, in which the commission intervened to protect competition for the benefit of farmers and consumers.”

Bayer and Monsanto submitted commitments in late July to address some of the commission’s preliminary concerns. However, the commission “considered these commitments insufficient to clearly dismiss its serious doubts as to the transaction’s compatibility with the EU Merger Regulation.”

Margrethe Vestager, who serves as European Commissioner for Competition, said that “seeds and pesticide products are essential for farmers and ultimately consumers.”

“We need to ensure effective competition so that farmers can have access to innovative products, better quality and also purchase products at competitive prices. And at the same time maintain an environment where companies can innovate and invest in improved products,” Vestager added.

The German pharmaceuticals company told Reuters it is still aiming to have the transaction approved by the end of the year.

“Bayer looks forward to continuing to work constructively with the commission with a view to obtaining the commission’s approval,” the company said.

The commission could block the Monsanto-Bayer deal but it has approved both Dow and DuPont’s deal as well as ChemChina’s takeover of Syngenta after major concessions, Reuters reported. The commission has until January to make a decision.

Bayer and Monsanto bosses tout the mega-deal as an altruistic plan to improve “the lives of growers and people around the world.”

But environmental advocates and consumer groups like the Organic Consumers Association, Farmers Union, Food & Water Watch, Friends of the Earth and others have condemned the plan.

Hannah Lownsbrough, the executive director of the consumer group SumOfUs, wrote in the Guardian: “If approved, the merger would be an extremely risky consolidation of corporate power, not to mention a serious threat to food supplies and farmers around the world. It is essential that regulators properly investigate it and take decisive action before it’s too late.”