Modified antibiotic could help combat drug resistance
The antibiotic vancomycin has been modified by US scientists in a move that could help combat antibiotic-resistant infections. Researchers at the Scripps Research Institute have altered the drug, which has been prescribed for over 60 years, so that it operates in three different ways, making it more difficult for bacteria to generate resistance. In combination with previous modifications, the latest changes give the drug a 1,000-fold increase in activity, meaning smaller amounts can also be used. The World Health Organisation has designated antibiotic resistance as one of the major threats to health, food security and development across the world.

An antibiotic has been modified to make it more potent against bacteria, in an advance which researchers hope will help fight the threat of antibiotic-resistant infections.

The medicine, vancomycin, has been prescribed by doctors for 60 years and bacteria are only now becoming resistant to it.

Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) in the US have now modified the drug so it works in three separate ways on bacteria, making it much harder for them to develop resistance.

The researchers said doctors could use the modified form of vancomycin without fear of resistance emerging.

The World Health Organisation warns antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security and development, with major diseases becoming harder to treat because the drugs used on them are becoming less effective.

The length of time it has taken for bacteria to become resistant to vancomycin suggests they have had a hard time overcoming the way the original drug worked, disrupting how bacteria form cell walls, the researchers said.

Previous studies by the team showed it was possible to add two modifications to vancomycin, a drug they labelled “magical” because of its strength against infection, to make it even more potent and reduce the amount of the medicine needed to have the same effect.

The new study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reveals another modification which interferes with bacteria cell walls in a different way.

Combined with the previous alterations, the latest modification gives vancomycin a 1,000-fold increase in activity, so doctors could use less of the antibiotic to fight infection, the researchers said.

It was tested on Enterococci bacteria and killed both vancomycin-resistant Enterococci – considered by the WHO to be one of the drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health – and the original forms of Enterococci.

The research was led by Dale Boger, co-chair of TSRI’s department of chemistry, who said the discovery made the new version of vancomycin the first antibiotic to have three independent “mechanisms of action” to kill bacteria.

“This increases the durability of this antibiotic,” he said. “Organisms just can’t simultaneously work to find a way around three independent mechanisms of action. Even if they found a solution to one of those, the organisms would still be killed by the other two.”