allan paivio psychology definition
But although cognitive psychology is concerned with all human activity rather than some fraction of it, the concern is from a particular point of view. Other viewpoints are equally legitimate and necessary. Dynamic psychology, which begins with motives rather than with sensory input, is a case in point. The term cognition refers to all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used. It is concerned with these processes even when they operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and hallucinations. ... Dual coding theory has been applied to many cognitive phenomena including: mnemonics, problem-solving, concept learning and language. Dual coding theory accounts for the significance of spatial abilities in theories of intelligence (e.g., Guilford). → George Mandler has described the origins of cognitive psychology in, Ulric Neisser is credited with formally having coined the term cognitive(2002). psychology (in terms of the current understanding of cognitive psychology) in his book Cognitive Psychology, published in 1967. Paivio also postulates two different types of representational units: imagens for mental images and logogens for verbal entities which he describes as being similar to chunks as described by Miller. Any representational theory must accommodate this dual functionality. (p 53). The theory assumes that there are two cognitive subsystems, one specialized for the representation and processing of nonverbal objects/events (i.e., imagery), and the other specialized for dealing with language. The dual coding theory proposed by Paivio attempts to give equal weight to verbal and non-verbal processing. Paivio (1986) states: Human cognition is unique in that it has become specialized for dealing simultaneously with language and with nonverbal objects and events. Some observers have suggested that as cognitive psychology became a movement during the 1970s, the intricacies of the phenomena and processes it examined meant it also began to lose cohesion as a field of study. 1. The features should be critical ones, present in some members of the set but not in others, so as to provide a contrast. 2. The identity of the features should remain unchanged under changes in brightness, size, and perspective. 3. The features should yield a unique pattern for each letter. 4. In the mid-20th century, three main influences arose that would inspire and shape cognitive psychology as a formal school of thought: 1  With the development of new warfare technology during WWII, the need for a greater understanding of human performance came to prominence.
Psychology is concerned with all human activity.