_______ is the deficiency associated with thiamin.
Although these clinical manifestations of B-vitamin deficiencies have decreased, there is evidence of widespread sub-clinical deficiency of these vitamins (especially of riboflavin and pyridoxine). These sub-clinical deficiencies, although less dramatic in their manifestations, exert deleterious metabolic effects. The most important use of thiamine is to treat beriberi, which is caused by not getting enough thiamine in your diet. Symptoms include: 1  Swelling, tingling, or burning sensation in the hands and feet. 2  Confusion. 3  Trouble breathing because of fluid in the lungs. A study of 13-14-year-old children related dietary intake of thiamin to several indicators of thiamin status (15). Sauberlich et al. (23) concluded from a carefully controlled depletion-repletion study of seven healthy young men that 0.3 mg thiamin per 4184 kJ met their requirements. In addition to insufficient intakes of thiamin from the diet, the causes of thiamin deficiency include lower absorption or higher excretion rates than normal due, for example, to certain conditions (such as alcohol dependence or HIV/AIDS) or use of some medications [ 3 ]. Thiamin is available in many dietary supplements. Multivitamin/multimineral supplements with thiamin typically provide about 1.5 mg thiamin (100% of the DV) and sometimes more [ 11 ]. Supplements containing B-complex vitamins (including thiamin) or thiamin only are also available. Thiamin (or thiamine) is one of the water-soluble B vitamins. It is also known as vitamin B1. Thiamin is naturally present in some foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement. This vitamin plays a critical role in energy metabolism and, therefore, in the growth, development, and function of cells [ 1 ]. In its early stage, thiamin deficiency can cause weight loss and anorexia, confusion, short-term memory loss, and other mental signs and symptoms; muscle weakness; and cardiovascular symptoms (such as an enlarged heart) [ 7 ]. Overview. Vitamin B1, also called thiamine or thiamin, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the body convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which the body uses to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein. The effects of vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, riboflavin, and thiamin on the breast milk and maternal status of well-nourished women at 6 months postpartum. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 33: 2151-6. Recommendations for infants are based on adequate food intake. Mean thiamin content of human milk is 0.21 mg/l (0.62 mmol/l) (21), which corresponds to 0.16 mg (0.49mmol) thiamin per 0.75 l of secreted milk per day. The blood concentration for total thiamin averages 210 ± 53 nmol/l for infants up to 6 months but decreases over the first 12-18 months of life (22).
Beriberi