apa authors how to use et al
The abbreviation et al. means and others. It is most often used when a work you are citing in your paper has multiple authors. Here are the guidelines from the Publication of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.), page 175: When a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. English - US. If pushed, I would put the 's with Johann: Johann's et al. findings. I would not attach it to et al., because al. is the abbreviation of a Latin word, and Latin doesn't form the possessive by 's. I would far prefer to get around the question by writing: the findings of Jahann et al. Dec 1, 2009. When citing more than two authors a second time, use the first author’s surname followed by “et al.” (which means “and others”). Children have been shown to imitate the aggressive behaviors of adults as young as two years of age (Bandura, Ross & Ross, 1961). In your parenthetical citation, give the author, year, and page numbers if possible. If there is no pagination, refer to the paragraph a quote was taken from. Use the abbreviation “para.”. Since I got this from a blog with no page numbers, “I’m going to cite using the paragraph number” (Doling, 2005, para. 4). Using Et Al. in the Reference List. In the fifth and earlier editions, the APA Publication Manual specified the use of et al. to shorten lengthy author lists in the references as well as in text citations. This rule has been changed in the sixth edition. Et al. comes into play in references to works with three or more authors. When a work has two authors, both names are used every time the work is cited. When a work has three, four, or five authors, use all the names the first time the work is cited; in subsequent citations, use the first author’s name plus et al. When there are eight or more authors, APA Style now uses an ellipsis after the sixth author’s name, followed by the name of the last author. However, there is one case in which et al. is used in a reference entry. If you are using more than one reference by the same author (or the same group of authors listed in the same order) published in the same year, organize them in the reference list alphabetically by the title of the article or chapter. Then assign letter suffixes to the year. When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all the authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. When a work has six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. More Than One Work in the Same Parentheses. Order citations of two or more works within the same parentheses alphabetically, including citations that would otherwise shorten to “et al.” Separate works by a semicolon. Arrange two or more works by the same author(s) by date of publication.
Et al comes into play in references to works with three or more authors. When a work has two authors, both names are used every time the work is cited. When a work has three, four, or five authors, use all the names the first time the work is cited; in subsequent citations, use the first author’s name plus et al.