________ refers to gestures, facial expressions, and other body movements that convey meaning.
There is evidence that the nonverbal cues made from person-to-person do not entirely have something to do with environment. Other than gestures, phenotypic traits can also convey certain messages in nonverbal communication, for instance, eye color, hair color and height. Oculesics, a subcategory of body language, is the study of eye movement, eye behavior, gaze, and eye-related nonverbal communication. As a social or behavioral science, oculesics is a form of nonverbal communication focusing on deriving meaning from eye behavior. Kinesics is the study and interpretation of nonverbal communication related to the movement of any part of the body or the body as a whole; in layman's terms, it is the study of body language. Advertisements: Communication need not be verbal in order to convey a message. A glance, a smile, a handshake, a body movement they all have meaning. The study of body motions is called kinesics. It refers to gestures, facial configurations and other movements of the body. It is argued that every body movement has a meaning and that no movement is accidental. Image Courtesy: 4.bp.blogspot.com/-Q9_PIrs5Gtk/UBtVImzTwAI/keynote+.jpg. Body language adds to and often complicates verbal communication. As infants, nonverbal communication is learned from social-emotional communication, making the face rather than words the major organ of communication. As children become verbal communicators, they begin to look at facial expressions, vocal tones, and other nonverbal elements more subconsciously. Culture plays an important role in nonverbal communication, and it is one aspect that helps to influence how learning activities are organized. A few studies show that facial expression and bodily expression (i.e. body language) are congruent when interpreting emotions. Behavioural experiments have also shown that recognition of facial expression is influenced by perceived bodily expression. Eye contact is the instance when two people look at each other's eyes at the same time; it is the primary nonverbal way of indicating engagement, interest, attention and involvement. Studies have found that people use their eyes to indicate interest. Hand gestures often signify the state of well-being of the person making them. Relaxed hands indicate confidence and self-assurance, while clenched hands may be interpreted as signs of stress or anger. If a person is wringing his/her hands, this demonstrates nervousness and anxiety. Nonverbal communication represents two-thirds of all communication. Nonverbal communication can portray a message both vocally and with the correct body signals or gestures. Body signals comprise physical features, conscious and unconscious gestures and signals, and the mediation of personal space. Body language, on the other hand, does not have a grammar and must be interpreted broadly, instead of having an absolute meaning corresponding with a certain movement, so it is not a language like sign language, and is simply termed as a language due to popular culture.
Kinesics