The part of the DNA molecule that is active in the transmission of hereditary traits is called.
Dominant gene: The state or genetic trait that will always express itself when present as part of a pair of genes in a chromosome. Gene: A section of a DNA molecule that carries instructions for the formation, functioning, and transmission of specific traits from one generation to another.Heredity: The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. Nucleotide: A group of atoms present in a DNA molecule.enetics is the branch of biology concerned with the science of heredity. The term heredity refers to the way in which specific characteristics are transmitted from one generation to the next. heredity. the transmission of genetic traits from parents to offspring. The hereditary material is DNA in the ovum and sperm, so that the offspring's heredity is determined at the moment of conception.Inside the nucleus of each germ cell are structures called chromosomes.he genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring. The hereditary material is contained in the ovum (oocyte) and sperm, so that the child's heredity is determined at the moment of conception. Chromosomes and Genes. DNA. DNA (or deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic information in all cellular forms of life and some viruses. It belongs to a class of molecules called the nucleic acids, which are polynucleotides-that is, long chains of nucleotides.Each nucleotide consists of three components:1  a nitrogenous base: cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A) or thymine (T). 2  a five-carbon sugar molecule (deoxyribose in the case of DNA).enes. The gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. It consists of a specific sequence of nucleotides at a given position on a given chromosome that codes for a specific protein (or, in some cases, an RNA molecule). A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits.Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions.he transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Words to Know. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Molecules that make up chromosomes and on which genes are located. Dominant gene: The state or genetic trait that will always express itself when present as part of a pair of genes in a chromosome.Gene: A section of a DNA molecule that carries instructions for the formation, functioning, and transmission of specific traits from one generation to another.atson and Crick showed that the sequence in which various colors of beads occur is significant. A DNA molecule in which the beads are arranged in the sequence blue-yellow-yellow-red-red-blue-blue-blue-, and so on, has meaning for a cell. Genetics is the branch of biology concerned with the science of heredity. The term heredity refers to the way in which specific characteristics are transmitted from one generation to the next.For example, we know that a tall mother and a tall father tend to have children that are tall.enetics is the branch of biology concerned with the science of heredity. The term heredity refers to the way in which specific characteristics are transmitted from one generation to the next. Genes, which are made up of DNA, act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. The Human Genome Project has estimated that humans have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes.NA is a double helix formed by base pairs attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Watson and Crick showed that the sequence in which various colors of beads occur is significant. A DNA molecule in which the beads are arranged in the sequence blue-yellow-yellow-red-red-blue-blue-blue-, and so on, has meaning for a cell.The sequence tells the chemical machinery of the cell to make a certain kind of protein, such as the protein responsible for red hair or blue eyes.atson and Crick showed that the sequence in which various colors of beads occur is significant. A DNA molecule in which the beads are arranged in the sequence blue-yellow-yellow-red-red-blue-blue-blue-, and so on, has meaning for a cell. This base-to-base bonding is not random; rather, each A in one strand always pairs with a T in the other strand, and each C always pairs with a G. The double-stranded DNA that results from this pattern of bonding looks much like a ladder with sugar-phosphate side supports and base-pair rungs.his base-to-base bonding is not random; rather, each A in one strand always pairs with a T in the other strand, and each C always pairs with a G. The double-stranded DNA that results from this pattern of bonding looks much like a ladder with sugar-phosphate side supports and base-pair rungs. This sequence influences the shape of the protein. The shape of the protein, in turn, determines its function. Offspring resemble their parents because they inherit similar genes (DNA sequences) that code for the production of proteins that form similar structures and perform similar functions.NA is a double stranded molecule which has the shape of a twisted ladder. This shape is called an alpha helix. The sides of this twisted ladder are composed of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar units, while the rungs of the ladder are composed of pairs of nitrogenous bases.
Chromosomes