are batteries electrical energy
ECEN 4517 3 Electrical conduction mechanisms Pb PbO 2 H 2 OSO 4-2 SO 4-2 H+H+H+H+ Lead and lead-dioxide are goodelectrical conductors. The conductionmechanism is via electrons jumpingbetween atoms.The electrolyte contains aqueous ions(H + and SO 4-2). ECEN 4517 6 Conduction mechanismat the surface of the positive electrode Charged sulfate and hydrogen ionsapproach lead-dioxide molecule (netuncharged) on surface of electrodeLead atom changes ionization and formsionic bond with sulfate ion. Chapter 21 Solutions Potential Energy of a Battery Description: The electric potential and potential energy associated with a battery. Learning Goal: To understand electrical potential, electrical potential energy, and the relationship between them. “A battery is a device that is able to store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, and convert that energy into electricity,” says Antoine Allanore, a postdoctoral associate at MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering .. ECEN 4517 15 Mechanisms that affect terminal voltage 1. Equilibrium voltage changes with electrolyte concentration (asdescribed above – Nernst equation)2. With current ﬂow, there are resistive drops in electrodes, especially insurface lead-sulfate3. ECEN 4517 12 Battery state of charge (SOC) Fully CompletelyCharged Discharged State of charge: 100% 0%Depth of discharge: 0% 100%Electrolyte concentration: ~6 molar ~2 molarElectrolyte speciﬁc gravity: ~1.3 ~1.1No-load voltage: 12.7 V 11.7 V (speciﬁc battery types may vary). ECEN 4517 17 Types of lead-acid batteries 1. Car battery “SLI” - starter lighting ignitionDesigned to provide short burst of high current Maybe 500 A to crank engine Cannot handle “deep discharge” applications Typical lifetime of 500 cycles at 20% depth of discharge 2. Electrical potential energy U is the potential energy that a charge q has due to its position relative to other charges. The electric potential V at a specific position is a measure of the amount of potential energy per unit charge a particle of net charge q would have at that position. It heats the battery. It increases the potential of the battery. Just as gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when something falls, electrical potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when a charge goes from a high potential energy state to a low potential energy state. The electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron. increased by the mass ratio of The electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is the oxygen ion to the electron.
Yes