addison's disease
Most cases of Addison’s disease occur due to damage or destruction of the adrenal cortex, the outermost layers of the adrenal glands (zona fasciulata, which secretes cortisol and zona glomerulosa, which secretes aldosterone). Symptoms usually do not develop until 90 percent of the adrenal cortex has been damaged. Addison’s disease, the common term for primary adrenal insufficiency, occurs when the adrenal glands are damaged and cannot produce enough of the adrenal hormone cortisol. The adrenal hormone aldosterone may also be lacking. Addison’s disease affects 110 to 144 of every 1 million people in developed countries.1. Addison's disease (chronic adrenal insufficiency) is a rare and progressive disorder that affects between one and six in every 100,000 people. It affects people of both sexes and all ages. The human body has two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. Adrenal Insufficiency. Hyperpigmentation, or darkening of the skin, can occur in Addison’s disease, although not in secondary adrenal insufficiency. This darkening is most visible on scars; skin folds; pressure points such as the elbows, knees, knuckles, and toes; lips; and mucous membranes such as the lining of the cheek. Addison's disease is a progressive disorder where the adrenal glands are unable to produce sufficient hormones. Causes can include infection, damage, and an autoimmune response that prompts the immune system to attack and destroy the adrenal glands. The symptoms of Addison's disease can include any or all of the following: 1  loss of appetite and weight. 2  nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea. 3  muscle weakness.  chronic, worsening 1  fatigue. low blood pressure.  salt 1  cravings. dehydration.  hypoglycaemia, or low blood sugar levels (especially in children) Addison's disease. Addison’s disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism, is a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones. Symptoms generally come on slowly and may include abdominal pain, weakness, and weight loss. Addison’s disease occurs due to failure of the adrenal glands to produce sufficient amounts of the hormones, cortisol and aldosterone. Hormones are chemicals produced by glands that control and regulate certain activities of cells or organs of the body. The symptoms of classic Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, result from the insufficient production of these two hormones, cortisol and aldosterone. Major symptoms include fatigue, gastrointestinal abnormalities, and changes in skin color (pigmentation). Addison's disease is a rare endocrinal disorder, with several oral and systemic manifestations. A variety of pathological processes may cause Addison's disease. Classically, hyperpigmentation is associated with the disease, and intraoral pigmentation is perceived as the initial sign and develops earlier than the dermatological pigmentation.
Known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism, is a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones.