_____ refers to one's biological state of being male or female.
Depending on the context, these characteristics may include biological sex (i.e. the state of being male, female or an intersex variation which may complicate sex assignment), sex-based social structures (including gender roles and other social roles), or gender identity. Gender role refers to: 1. the sense of being homosexual or heterosexual. 2. how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is. 3. the sense of being male or female. 4. one's biological sex. 5. the set of expected behaviors for males and females. Follow. Biological Theories of Gender. People often get confused between the terms sex and gender. Sex refers to biological differences between males and females. For example, chromosomes (female XX, male XY), reproductive organs (ovaries, testes), hormones (oestrogen, testosterone). Gender refers to the cultural differences expected (by society / culture) of men and women according to their sex. Sex is assigned at birth, refers to one’s biological. status as either male or female, and is associated. primarily with physical attributes such as. chromosomes, hormone prevalence, and. external and internal anatomy. In other contexts, including some areas of social sciences, gender includes sex or replaces it. For instance, in non-human animal research, gender is commonly used to refer to the biological sex of the animals. This change in the meaning of gender can be traced to the 1980s. People tend to use the terms “sex” and “gender” interchangeably. We assign a newborn’s sex as either male or female*, based on their genitals. Once a sex is assigned, we presume the child’s gender. Someone born with a penis will be a boy and someone with a vulva will be a girl. Most societies have only two distinct, broad classes of gender roles, masculine and feminine, that correspond with the biological sexes of male and female. When a baby is born, society allocates the child to one sex or the other, on the basis of what their genitals resemble. Most societies view sex as a binary concept, with two rigidly fixed options: male or female, both based on a person’s reproductive functions (genitals, sex chromosomes, gonads, hormones, reproductive structures). But a sex binary fails to capture even the biological aspect of gender. Gender identity refers to a. person’s internal sense of being male, female, or something else; gender expression refers. to the way a person communicates gender. identity to others through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice, or body characteristics. “Trans” is sometimes used as shorthand. – Identity: our deeply held, internal sense of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither; who we internally know ourselves to be. – Expression: how we present our gender in the world and how society, culture, community, and family perceive, interact with, and try to shape our gender.
Trans