are the kidneys in the peritoneal cavity
The peritoneum /ˌpɛrᵻtəˈniːəm/ is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal, or coelomic, organs. It is composed of a layer of mesothelial tissue, supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The mesentery is a double layer of visceral peritoneum that attaches to the gastrointestinal tract. There are often blood vessels, nerves, and other structures between these layers. The space between these two layers is technically outside of the peritoneal sac, and thus not in the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneal cavity is a potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum. It contains only a thin film of peritoneal fluid, which consists of water, electrolytes, leukocytes and antibodies. The fluid serves two main functions: It acts as a lubricant, enabling free movement of the abdominal viscera. The term mesentery is often used to refer to a double layer of visceral peritoneum. There are generally blood vessels, nerves, and other structures between these layers. The space between the two layers is technically outside of the peritoneal sac, and thus not in the peritoneal cavity. The viscera of the abdomen proper include the stomach, intestine, liver and biliary system, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, ureters, and suprarenal glands. Most of the stomach and intestine is anchored to the body wall by peritoneal mesentery, whereas the three paired glands (kidneys, suprarenals, and gonads before birth) lie retroperitoneally. The general relationships are shown in figures 26-1, 26-2, 26-3 and 26-4. Ordinarily, the peritoneal cavity is only of capillary thinness; however, it is referred to as a potential space because excess fluid can accumulate in the peritoneal cavity resulting in the clinical condition of ascites (see clinical applications). Figure 26-2 Right and left lateral aspects of the trunk, showing the topography of the viscera. The clavicles and parts of ribs 2, 8, and 10 are shown. In the thorax, the outlines of the pleurae (interrupted line) and lungs are provided. In the abdomen, the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity are shown. Due to the different pelvic organs, the peritoneal cavity differs in structure between the sexes. This is the most distal portion of the cavity, and so any infected fluid is likely to collect here. Thus, it is clinically important to be aware of the differences between males and females. Retroperitoneal space is the anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. It extends from the 12th thoracic vertebra and 12th rib above to the sacrum and iliac crest below. The floor of the space, that is the posterior wall of the abdomen in this region, is formed by; Psoas muscle.
No,the three paired glands (kidneys, suprarenals, and gonads before birth) lie retroperitoneally.