______ heart disease is a malformation of the heart present at birth.
A normal heart has valves, arteries and chambers that carry the blood in a circulatory pattern: body-heart-lungs-heart-body. When all chambers and valves work correctly, the blood is pumped through the heart, to the lungs for oxygen, back the heart and out to the body for delivery of oxygen. When valves, chambers, arteries and veins are malformed, this circulation pattern can be impaired. Congenital heart defects are malformations that are present at birth. They may or may not have a disruptive effect on a person's circulatory system. Congenital heart defects are structural problems with the heart present at birth. They result when a mishap occurs during heart development soon after conception and often before the mother is aware that she is pregnant. This malformation of the heart causes a reversal in the normal blood flow pattern because the right and left lower chambers of the heart are reversed. The I-transposition, however, is less dangerous than a d-transposition because the great arteries are also reversed. A defect in the veins leading from the lungs to the heart. In TAPVC, the blood does not take the normal route from the lungs to the heart and out to the body. Instead, the veins from the lungs attach to the heart in abnormal positions and this problem means that oxygenated blood enters or leaks into the wrong chamber. 1 Mutations – Several mutations can affect the formation of the heart and lead to congenital heart malformations such as atrial septal defect (a hole between the upper chambers of the heart).  Linked with other birth defects – More than one-third of children born with Down syndrome have heart defects. A hole in the wall that separates the top two chambers of the heart. This defect allows oxygen-rich blood to leak into the oxygen-poor blood chambers in the heart. ASD is a defect in the septum between the heart's two upper chambers (atria). The septum is a wall that separates the heart's left and right sides. A heart in which the two main arteries carrying blood away from the heart are reversed. A normal blood pattern carries blood in a cycle: body-heart-lungs-heart-body. When a d-transposition occurs, the blood pathway is impaired because the two arteries are connecting to the wrong chambers in the heart. A congenital heart defect is a structural problem in the heart that is present at birth, whether it is inherited or caused by the environment. A baby’s heart begins to develop early and begins beating just 22 days after conception. Adult Congenital Heart Disease (Heart Defect & Failure) A congenital heart defect is a malformation in the structure of the heart that is present at birth. One of the most common congenital heart defects affects the aorta, the body’s main artery. The aorta leads out of the top of the heart and sends oxygenated blood throughout the body. With aortic congenital heart disease, the aorta may be misshaped. Many heart defects can be detected before birth through the use of a special type of sonography called fetal echocardiography. Sound waves are used to create a picture of the baby’s heart. Health care providers can use the information from this ultrasound to diagnose the condition and develop a treatment plan. A normal heart has valves, arteries and chambers that carry the blood in a circulatory pattern: body–heart–lungs–heart–body. When all chambers and valves work correctly, the blood is pumped through the heart, to the lungs for oxygen, back the heart and out to the body for delivery of oxygen.
Congenital heart defects