Fish oils in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
The hypothesis that oils derived from the flesh of fish and marine mammals inhibit the atherosclerotic process is critically reviewed. Populations consuming a diet rich in fish have low rates of coronary heart disease. Dietary fish oil is associated with changes in serum lipids, prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolism, enhanced endothelial function and effects on growth factors released from platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. Dietary fish oil supplementation has been associated with inhibition of atherosclerosis experimentally induced by dietary hyperlipidemia and balloon injury. Results of studies of the use of fish oil to inhibit postangioplasty restenosis in human subjects have been inconclusive.