Theodore Roosevelt stands at the center of his First Volunteer Cavalry Unit, a k a the Rough Riders, who made the legendary charge up Cuba's San Juan Ridge during the Spanish-American War in 1898. The future president's role in the war is featured in "Crucible of Empire: The Spanish -American War," which premieres on PBS Aug. 23 at 9 p.m., EDT. (AP Photo/PBS via Harvard College Library)

Thousands of people are protesting the war in Iraq by refusing to pay federal phone taxes -- and in many cases, phone companies are helping them do it.

So-called tax resisters risk the wrath of the Internal Revenue Service. Yet that hasn't stopped them from withholding payment of the monthly federal excise tax on their phone bills, proceeds from which are used in part to fund the United States' military adventures abroad.

But she said communications received by her organization and discussions with other protest coordinators suggest that at least 10,000 people nationwide are withholding federal excise tax payments because of the war.

"This is civil disobedience, and you can be at risk," 53-year-old Benn said. "But the government listens when it involves money. This is a good way to get their attention."

As it turns out, most phone companies aren't shedding any tears over missed federal excise tax payments. It's not that they sympathize with protesters' feelings about the war. They just don't like the tax.

"We think it's antiquated and has no place in a modern economy," said Joe Farren, a spokesman for telecom industry group CTIA (formerly the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association, but now just a meaningless acronym).

"We think this tax is outrageous and shouldn't be assessed," he said.

The federal excise tax on phone usage dates back to 1898. It was adopted under the War Revenue Act as a temporary levy to help fund the Spanish-American War. The war ended in October of that year. The tax was repealed in 1902 but didn't stay gone for long.

It was reintroduced during World War I and was subsequently used to fund the nation's military activities during World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War.

The tax was given permanent status in 1990 and now stands at 3 percent of a consumer's monthly phone bill. It raises about $6 billion a year for general federal expenditures, including military spending.

Aspects of the federal excise tax have been challenged in a series of recent court decisions. Nevertheless, the IRS still insists that it be paid in full.

Tax resisters like Benn advise would-be protesters to include a note with their phone payments explaining why they're not paying the tax, which can run about $1.20 a month for AT&T residential customers in California.

The note will make clear to the phone company what's happening and, in most cases, deter the carrier from cutting off one's service. What happens next, though, varies from company to company.

Some may repeatedly insist that money is due. Others will make it easy for the protester.

"We believe this is an illegal tax, and we would support any legislation that repeals it," said John Britton, a spokesman for AT&T (formerly SBC, formerly Pac Bell).

He said AT&T will routinely eliminate federal excise taxes from customers' monthly bills if asked to do so in writing.

"We'll go into our system and make an adjustment," Britton said. "But we will have to report you to the government."

For its part, Cingular Wireless sends a letter to tax-resisting customers agreeing that the federal excise tax is "antiquated and discriminatory" and that it has "has far outlived its purpose."

As such, Cingular will also adjust customers' monthly bills to write off the federal excise tax on a regular basis. (MCI and Verizon Wireless have similar policies.)

"Please be aware, however," Cingular's letter warns, "that as required by law, Cingular Wireless will report your nonpayment, and provide your name, address, amount of tax written off to the IRS."

Phone companies are legally obligated to try to collect the federal excise tax. But they have no enforcement power. It's the IRS' job to crack down on tax scofflaws.

The thing is, because the amount of federal excise tax money withheld per household is so small, it's highly unusual nowadays for the IRS to go after people for not paying.

"It's just not worth it for them to pursue things like this, where it can cost more to get the money than the amount they collect," said Susan Quinlan, organizer of Northern California War Tax Resistance, a Berkeley group representing local protesters.

She said that while her group has several hundred people on its mailing list who may be withholding taxes, "there may be thousands more doing it quietly" throughout the Bay Area.

Quinlan, 47, said she's been withholding her federal excise tax for about 20 years.

"I've had phone companies pester me in terms of paperwork," she said. "Never the IRS."

Jesse Weller, an IRS spokesman, told me he wants it clearly understood that failure to pay the federal excise tax on your phone bill is against the law.

"There is no law that permits a person to refuse to file a federal tax return or pay a federal tax based on what the government spends on programs or policies they disagree with," he said.

"This includes failure to pay the telephone excise tax based on moral, ethical or religious opposition to government spending for weapons programs or military operations," Weller stressed.

Moreover, he insisted that the IRS is determined to identify all those who evade taxes "based on their opposition to government policies or programs."

Weller said such people may be liable for all unpaid taxes, as well as interest and penalty fees.

That may be, responded Benn at the National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee, but she said she hasn't paid her federal excise tax since 1980 and hasn't heard a peep in all that time from the IRS. (That may now change, of course.)

"It's a pretty small thing," she said of the amount she denies the government each month. "It won't end the war all by itself. But perhaps it will help."