National Day of the People's Republic of China

National Day (), officially the National Day of the People's Republic of China, is celebrated annually on October 1 as a public holiday in the People's Republic of China commemorating the establishment of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949 during the later years of the Chinese Civil War and the Kuomintang retreat to Taiwan. 

Although it is observed on October 1, another six days are added to the official holiday, normally in lieu of the two weekend breaks around October 1, making it practically a public holiday comprising seven consecutive days also known as Golden Week () with specifics regulated by the State Council. Festivities and concerts are usually held nationwide on this day, with a grand military parade and mass pageant event held on select years. , the last parade was held on the 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China in 2019.

History 

The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1, 1949, with a ceremony celebrating the forming of the Central People's Government taking place in Tiananmen Square on the same day that year. The first public parade of the new People's Liberation Army took place there, following the address by the country's first Chairman Mao Zedong officially declaring the formal establishment of the Republic. The Central People's Government passed the Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China on December 2, 1949, and declared that October 1 is the National Day.

National celebrations 
National Day marks the start of the only Golden Weeks in the PRC that the government has kept. Removing one of the Golden Weeks caused controversies when it happened in 2007.

The day is celebrated throughout mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau with a variety of government-organized festivities, including fireworks and concerts, as well as sports events and cultural events. Public places, such as Tiananmen Square in Beijing, are decorated in a festive theme. Portraits of revered leaders, such as Mao Zedong, are publicly displayed. The holiday is also celebrated by many overseas Chinese.

Wreath-laying ceremony at the Monument to the People's Heroes 
From 2004 to 2013, a national wreath-laying ceremony was held on National Day in Tiananmen Square following the flag raising ceremony on years with no parades, with the ceremony focused on the Monument to the People's Heroes, built in 1958 in remembrance of the millions of Chinese who perished during the long years of national struggle. Beginning in 2014, they have been held on a new holiday, National Memorial Day, set on the eve of National Day, September 30, and is presided by the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (China's paramount leader) and other party and state leaders.

Publication of the National Day Honours List 
An old tradition revived in the 2000s is the publication of the National Day Honours List by the State Council as a measure of national gratitude and recognition of services rendered by a number of individuals, both local and foreign-born, in military and civil service, in charitable actions, as role models to the people, in contributing to the growth of the economy and the nation's sporting prestige, in fostering diplomatic relations with countries of the world and preserving and promoting Chinese culture and the arts by their appointment as recipients of national medals and national honorary titles in the name of the state. The President and General Secretary is the presiding officer of the awarding ceremony, which usually is held in the Great Hall of the People days before National Day itself.

National flag-raising ceremony 
For many years, the 6 a.m. National Day flag-raising ceremony is the more important act on years without any anniversary parades. Held at the Tiananmen Square, since 2017 the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion's Color Guard Company is present for the ceremony with the National Marching Band of the PLA. Until 2016 the Beijing People's Armed Police units provided men for the ceremonial color guard. The ceremony is open to the general public and tourists and is widely televised.

National civil-military parade 

The extraordinary special civil-military parade of the People's Liberation Army, People's Armed Police and the Militia together with representatives of the people of all walks of life including the Young Pioneers of China is held on special years in the morning of National Day itself. It has since 1984 been televised on China Central Television since 1984 (and broadcast around the world from that year as well via satellite and cable television), is a key highlight of the national celebrations in Beijing. Since the parade of 1950, parades have been held on National Day every 10 years (a format which began in 1999) while there were formerly yearly parades held until 1959 when the CPC decided that the holiday would be celebrated "with frugality".

The parade is overseen by the paramount leader in his political duty as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and constitutional mandate as President of the People's Republic of China, as well as military leadership as the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. 

The paramount leader is accompanied on the rostrum on the Tiananmen Gate by:

 Premier of the State Council of the PRC (master of ceremonies)
 Members of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
 High ranking officials of the Politburo Standing Committee and the other departments under the Central Committee, CPC
 State Councilors
 Retired leaders 
 Members of the diplomatic corps

Gallery

See also
National Day
National Day of the Republic of China
History of the People's Republic of China
60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China
70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China

Notes

References

External links 

US-China Institute: 60 years of celebrating the creation of the people's republic
images of the 2009 celebration
Parts 1 2 3 and 4 of a documentary on the history of the Chinese National Day Parade
The National Day Parade Official Website (2009 version)

Category:Public holidays in China
China
Category:October observances
Category:Autumn events in China
China, Peoples Republic