Lenox Hill Hospital

Lenox Hill Hospital is a member hospital of Northwell Health, located in Manhattan's Upper East Side in New York City. In addition to serving as a teaching hospital for Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, it serves students visiting from New York University School of Medicine, New York Medical College, and State University of New York Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine.

It was founded in 1857 as the German Dispensary. It currently consists of ten buildings and has occupied the present site in Manhattan since 1905, when it was known as the German Hospital. In 2007, the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital was incorporated into Lenox Hill Hospital. 

The hospital is located on a city block bounded on the north and south by East 77th and 76th Streets, and on the west and east by Park Avenue and Lexington Avenue. The New York City Subway's 77th Street station is on the same block. The hospital's Executive Director is Jill Kalman, MD.

History

19th century: German Hospital 

On January 19, 1857, the German Dispensary was founded. On May 28, 1857, the facility opened to the public at 132 Canal Street. In 1862, the German Dispensary moved to larger quarters at 8 East 3rd Street to accommodate the 10,000 patients it treated each year.

The hospital continued to grow, and in 1884 moved to 137 Second Avenue, at East 8th Street, currently the Ottendorfer Branch of the New York Public Library. The new three-story building was a gift of Anna Ottendorfer and Oswald Ottendorfer, who ran the German-language newspaper New Yorker Staats-Zeitung. By 1887, the German Hospital and Dispensary was treating 28,000 patients annually, mostly from the local Little Germany neighborhood around First and Second Avenues below 14th Street.

The hospital opened its nurses' training school in 1887 with four young German-American women forming the first class. Until then, nursing attendants and charge nurses had been brought over from Germany.

In 1865, the German Hospital had started leasing a site on the Upper East Side, at Fourth Avenue (now Park Avenue) and 77th Street, a swampy, goat-ridden tract of land for which the hospital paid an annual rent of $1. The site remained mostly unused until a four-story building was constructed there in December 1888 in order to add to the capacity from its downtown location. A five-story training school for nurses was added in February 1894 at 77th Street and Lexington Avenue. The New York Times noted in an 1899 editorial, "to be a graduate nurse of the German Hospital is a distinction and recommendation for good nursing."

The hospital moved to the 77th Street location entirely in 1905, about the same time that Manhattan's German community was increasingly abandoning Little Germany for the Yorkville neighborhood, within walking distance of the new hospital. New York City deeded the square block on to the hospital for $5,000 in 1907. The building on Second Avenue was sold to another medical charity, the German Polyklinik, founded in 1883, which later changed its name to Stuyvesant Polyclinic Hospital.

20th century: rename to Lenox Hill Hospital 
In July 1918, the German Hospital was renamed Lenox Hill Hospital, tying it to the Lenox Hill section of the Upper East Side, in an effort to distance the institution from America's enemy in World War I. A movement in 1925 to restore the hospital to its former name, to appeal to potential donors of German descent, was eventually rejected by the board of trustees. It was said at the time that about 95 percent of the doctors, nurses and other employees of the hospital spoke German.

The hospital rejected a proposed merger with Columbia University in February 1919.

In April 1931, the hospital completed a new $2.5 million 11-story building, with a facade made of light brick with limestone trim, on the 76th Street side of the hospital, replacing two apartment houses and several workshops. The pioneering children's division, founded by Dr. Abraham Jacobi, was housed on the 11th floor, with other patient rooms on the fourth through ninth floors, and operating rooms on the 10th floor. Another two-story building, containing a ward service, lecture hall and swimming pool, was added next to the main building on the 76th Street side in 1936, at a cost of $150,000.

By 1939, the hospital had annually treated 12,115 patients with bed care, and another 23,099 visited the dispensary for treatment. Adding accident room patients, the hospital treated over 53,000 people in 1939. Because some care was given for free or part-pay, the hospital often ran an operating deficit, just as it did in 1939, when it lost $163,029, down a loss of over $200,000 the previous year, 1938. The hospital's operating loss grew to $284,692 in 1945, which was then a record high. Due to a lack of funds, an anticipated additional new building was delayed for over 20 years, when the Second Century Development Program, designed to raise $10 million, was led by the hospital's president, James Wickersham.

Finally, on the hospital's 100th anniversary, in 1957, it opened a $4.5 million 12-story building on Park Avenue at 77th Street, with a glass and aluminum facade, and a capacity of 180 patient beds. The new building, named the Wollman Pavilion, also housed a mental health unit, and an entire floor was allocated for research on speech and hearing disorders, epilepsy and hemophilia. In 1964, the Charles R. Lachman Community Health Center was added on the south side of 77th Street, between the Wollman Pavilion and the William Black Hall of Nursing, which opened in 1962 (the School of Nursing closed in 1973). The hospital opened its largest building, at 12 stories, in 1976, located at Park Avenue and 76th Street, replacing the Ottendorfer Dispensary, at a cost of $20 million. The modern brick masonry structure, with a fortresslike facade, stood in stark contrast in architectural style of the rest of hospital's buildings. The new building added 180 patient beds, for an overall capacity of 690 beds.

The hospital sent a medical unit to England in 1943 to maintain station hospitals for military personnel. Throughout the remainder of World War II, hospital staff members served in all theaters of war, including with combat forces in the European theater of operations after D-Day.

In 1998, a jury awarded $49 million in an obstetrics case against the hospital, which was one of the largest medical malpractice verdicts in New York City at that time.

21st century 
In 2007, Lenox Hill Hospital was ranked among the nation's top 50 hospitals in Heart and Heart Surgery (#15), Orthopedics (#26) and Neurology & Neurosurgery (#45) according to U.S. News & World Reports annual survey of America's Best Hospitals.

The hospital's building underwent masonry and roof restorations conducted by Merrit Engineering Consultants, P.C. from 2007 to 2009. Façade restoration, waterproofing, and structural steel repairs were also conducted.

On May 19, 2010, the hospital announced that an agreement had been finalized for it to join the Northwell Health.

In 2014, the old St. Vincent Hospital building that had suddenly closed back in 2010, became Lenox Hill HealthPlex, Manhattan's first freestanding emergency department. This facility is located at 30 7th Avenue between W. 12th and W. 13th Street, walking distance from the 14th Street train station on the west side. This emergency department, just like any other that is a part of a hospital, sees patients whether they come as a walk-in or via an ambulance. If this facility is unable to treat someone, and/or he needs long term care, he is then transferred to an actual hospital via an ambulance. Since Lenox Hill HealthPlex is a part of Lenox Hill Hospital, patients at times are admitted directly and are brought straight to a bed in the main part of the hospital. This facility also does labs if necessary, as well as CTs and X-rays. If it is unable to perform a given test, such as an MRI, an outside facility can do it, just as with any other emergency department. Lenox Hill HealthPlex has private rooms so that patients can have their privacy. Patients are treated regardless of whether they are insured.

In 2015, Lenox Hill HealthPlex became Lenox Health Greenwich Village. It is the official health and wellness partner of Chelsea Piers and Entertainment Complex.

Significance

Contributions to modern medicine

The hospital became a leading innovator in medical care, developing and implementing many standards and practices that would later become indispensable components of modern medicine.

In 1897, the hospital installed one of the first X-ray machines in America. Ten years later, the hospital established the first physical therapy department in the country. In response to what was becoming a growing public health threat, it was the first general hospital in the U.S. to open a tuberculosis division. In 1973, the Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma became the first hospital-based center in the nation for the study of sports medicine.

Early on, the hospital established itself as one of the nation's leading hospitals for cardiac care. In 1938, the first angiocardiograph in the country was performed at the hospital, and in 1955 the hospital became one of the first in New York City to open a cardiac catheterization laboratory. Ten years later, the hospital opened the first cardiac-care unit in the metropolitan New York area.

In 1978, the first coronary angioplasties in the country were performed at Lenox Hill Hospital and at St. Mary's Hospital in San Francisco, California. In 1994, Lenox Hill Hospital surgeons pioneered minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery and in 2000, the hospital was the first in the U.S. to perform endoscopic radial artery harvesting. In 2003, the first drug-coated stent approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was implanted at the hospital. It is also one of the first hospitals in the nation to acquire a state-of-the-art robotic cardiac system, which allows surgeons to perform minimally invasive heart-bypass surgery.

In 2000, Lenox Hill Hospital became the sponsor of Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital.

Continuing its tradition of care during times of crisis, the hospital assembled a disaster team to care for casualties of the September 11 attacks at the World Trade Center in 2001. Emergency crews were sent to Ground Zero and supply runs to the area were conducted to aid the rescue workers. The hospital set up a free walk-in Crisis Counseling Center, staffed by the hospital's psychiatrists and therapists, and the blood donor center was expanded to accommodate the thousands of people who came to the hospital to give blood.

In 2007, the hospital celebrated its 150th anniversary, and expanded its dedication to the New York City community by opening a new, state-of-the-art emergency department, the Anne and Isidore Falk Center for Emergency Care at Lenox Hill Hospital.

Medical milestones and pioneers 
Many important milestones in the advancement of medical knowledge have been made at the hospital, including:

 Introduction of antiseptic methods in obstetrics
 Installation of one of the first X-ray machines in America in 1897
 First tuberculosis pavilion in any American hospital
 First hemophilia center
 Introduction of the technique for bone marrow examination in 1931
 Development of the specialty of thoracic surgery
 First successful esophagectomy for carcinoma
 First surgical treatment of undescended testicles
 First angiocardiogram in the United States
 First coronary angioplasty in the United States
 Implantation of the first drug-eluting stent in the United States

Many medical pioneers were early members of the hospital's attending staff. Among them were:

 Henry Jacques Garrigues introduced antiseptic obstetrics to North America
 Willy Meyer, M.D. performed some of the earliest pulmonary surgery in America
 Abraham Jacobi, M.D. the father of American pediatrics
 Leo Buerger, M.D. described the disease that bears his name
 Carl Eggers, M.D., and Dewitt Stetten, M.D. founding members of the American College of Surgeons
 Franz Torek, M.D. performed the first successful esophagectomy for carcinoma and also developed the surgical treatment of undescended testicles
 William H. Stewart, M.D. a former director of radiology, performed the first angiocardiogram in the United States in 1938.
 Simon Stertzer, M.D. of Lenox Hill Hospital in New York and Richard K. Myler, M.D. of St. Mary's Hospital in San Francisco performed the first coronary angioplasties in the United States on the same day, March 1, 1978

Current use
Lenox Hill Hospital today provides a wide range of inpatient medical, surgical, obstetric, pediatric, and psychiatric services. The hospital has both primary care and specialty outpatient clinics, an ambulance service and an emergency department. Special programs and services include interventional cardiology and a cardiovascular surgery program that are among the busiest and most highly regarded in the region; a New York State-designated AIDS center program; a high-risk neonatal care service; an obstetric service; an ambulatory surgery program; a renal dialysis service; and a community health education and outreach program. Other licensed services include cystoscopy, diagnostic radiology services including CT and MRI scanning, nuclear medicine, and therapeutic radiology. Outpatient services include primary care medicine, pediatrics, prenatal care and family planning, physical therapy, audiology, speech/language pathology, and social work. The hospital also provides inpatient and outpatient adult mental health services. Its ambulance service primary territory is East 59th to 96th Streets, from Central Park to the East River. Approximately 325,000 people a year receive care at Lenox Hill Hospital.

Notable patients
 In December 1931, Winston Churchill, the future Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was treated at the hospital for eight days for injuries from when he was hit by a car while crossing Fifth Avenue (at 76th Street). On the hospital's 100th anniversary, in 1957, he wrote, "I well remember the admirable care and attention I received..."
 Comedian Joan Rivers gave birth to her daughter Melissa Rivers at the hospital in 1968.
 In 1979, the Venerable Servant of God Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen, Titular Archbishop of Newport, Wales, and Bishop Emeritus of Rochester, New York, a noted televangelist and radio evangelist who had been a New York City Auxiliary Bishop, had a series of heart surgeries here, eventually dying from heart disease later that year after having visited with Saint Pope John Paul II during the latter's visit to St. Patrick's Cathedral.
 In 1986, singer-songwriter Lady Gaga was born in the hospital.
 In 1998, Pramukh Swami Maharaj, the Leader of Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha, had a bypass operation at the hospital.
 Actress Sarah Jessica Parker gave birth to her son James there in 2002.
 Jane Krakowski and Tina Fey stated on the Today Show that they had their respective children there.
 Beyoncé and Jay Z's daughter, Blue Ivy, was born on January 7, 2012 at the hospital.
 New York Rangers goaltender Henrik Lundqvist's wife gave birth to their daughter in July 2012 at the hospital.
 In September 2014, Chelsea Clinton, daughter of President Bill Clinton and former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, gave birth to her daughter Charlotte Clinton Mezvinsky at the hospital. In June 2016, she gave birth to her son Aidan Clinton Mezvinsky in the hospital.
 Comedian Seth Meyers' son, Ashe Olsen, was born in the hospital on March 27, 2016.

Other well-known people treated at the hospital include actresses Elizabeth Taylor and Peggy Cass, singers Barry Manilow, Karen Carpenter, and Rosemary Clooney, New York Jets defensive end Dennis Byrd following his spinal cord injury, the former General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, television journalist Mike Wallace, John F. Kennedy, Jr., actor and singer James Maslow, boxer Rocky Graziano, New York socialite and philanthropist Brooke Astor, conductor James Levine, first lady Pat Nixon, and actor James Cagney.

Notable deaths at the hospital

 1940 Republican presidential nominee Wendell Willkie (1944)
 cosmetics pioneer Elizabeth Arden (1966)
 President Franklin D. Roosevelt's adviser and speechwriter Samuel Rosenman (1973)
 television host Ed Sullivan (1974)
 Vice President and New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller (1979)
 orchestra conductor William Steinberg (1978)
 actor Will Lee (1982)
 host Jack Barry (1984)
 voice actor Jack Mercer (1984)
 stage, TV & film actress Anne Baxter (1985)
 CBS correspondent Charles Collingwood (1985)
 political journalist Theodore H. White (1986)
 cruise ship terror victim Marilyn Klinghoffer (1986)
 Random House co-founder S. Klopper (1986)
 actor/singer Lanny Ross (1988)
 modern dancer Alvin Ailey (1989)
 fashion editor Diana Vreeland (1989)
 New York radio news broadcaster Stan Z. Burns (1990)
 actor/singer Allan Jones (1992)
 actress Myrna Loy (1993)
 classical music, opera singer Tatiana Troyanos (1993)
 star Wall Street banker Jeffrey Beck (1995)
 lawyer Simon Rifkind (1995)
 New York TV news host Roger Grimsby (1995)
 alleged Soviet spy Alger Hiss (1996)
 RCA chairman Robert Sarnoff (1997)
 NBC legal analyst Jay Monahan (1998)
 writer Malachi Martin (1999)
 writer William H. Whyte (1999)
 actress Sylvia Sidney (1999)
 New York TV news anchorman Jim Jensen (1999)
 U.S. Communist Party perennial presidential candidate Gus Hall (2000)
 theatrical producer Alexander H. Cohen (2000)
 television sports journalist Dick Schaap (2001)
 sports announcer Marty Glickman (2001)
 film director Herbert Ross (2001)
 scenic designer Kathleen Ankers (2001)
 novelist Olivia Goldsmith (2004)
 book publisher Roger Williams Straus Jr. (2004)
 comedian Nipsey Russell (2005)
 congressman Bertram L. Podell (2005)
 marathon runner Ryan Shay (2007)
 actress Natasha Richardson (2009)
 dancer and choreographer Frankie Manning (2009)
 television sing-along host Mitch Miller (2010)
 writer Louis Auchincloss (2010)
 restaurateur Elaine Kaufman (2010)
 composer/musician George Shearing (2011)
 actor Tony Musante (2013)
 Metropolitan Opera chairman and Goldman Sachs partner James S. Marcus (2015)
 journalist and author Lillian Ross (2017)
 founder of The Fashion Calendar and industry leader  Ruth Finley (2018)
 Presidential speechwriter Ray Price (2019)
  Manhattan District Attorney Robert Morgenthau (2019)

See also 
 List of hospitals in New York City

References

External links

 

Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1884
Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1888
Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1905
Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1957
Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1976
Category:1857 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Hospitals established in 1857
Category:Hospitals in Manhattan
Category:Non-profit organizations based in New York City
Category:Teaching hospitals in New York City
Category:Upper East Side
Category:Northwell Health