The 5th Gebirgsjäger Division
was formed in 1940 with the 100th Gebirgs-Regiment (detached from the 1st
Gebirgsjäger Division) and with the 85th Gebirgs-Regiment (originally 85th
Infanterie-Regiment of the 10th Infanterie Division). 10th ID and the 1st GD supplied also
the artillery components, which became the divisional artillery Regiment, as well
as the other divisional components (Recce, Panzerjägers, pioneers, and support units).
The Division was stationed in Saltzburg (Austria), although mostly
composed of catholic Bavarians.

The 100th Gebirgs-Regiment, under the command of Lt. Col. Richard Ernst, consisted
of three Gebirgsjaeger-battalions:

and of four fighting companies (recce, artillery, engineers, and anti-tank). The
force of the 100th Regiment was about 4.500 men, of which about 3.000 were
fighting troops.

At the end of August 1944, the Regiment was deployed in Romagna, on the Galla
Placidia anti landing line, in the sector between Rimini and Cesena. On Sept.1
the Regiment was ordered to move to the river Conca valley.

On Sept.3, 1944, after the Canadians had disrupted the
German defenses on Green Line 1,
100th Regiment was put under the orders of 71st Infanterie-Division (General Raapke) and ordered to garrison the salient of
Gemmano.

From Sept. 4 to Sept. 14, when the last two German soldiers (Ernst himself and
Rohleder), following the order of withdrawing to Montescudo, left the
Gemmano battlefront, the 100th Regiment fiercely challenged the British Empire
forces for every single stone and for every single blade of grass. The key points of the
battlefront (Gemmano, Borgo, San Francesco height, Monte
Gardo (Pt. 449), and Zollara) were conquered, lost and conquered gain
at least ten times by each of the combatants.

The Gebirgsjaegers' stubborn reactions to the enemy's continuous attacks, often in
close combat, became an epic in the German military history. On Sept.11 the radio
broadcasted from Germany that ...

"In the
hard defensive fighting on the Adriatic, in the sector of Gemmano, the 100th Mountain
Regiment, under the orders of Lt.Col. Ernst, together with an Artillery Group at his
orders, with its indestructible firmness and gallant counter-attacks has behaved
particularly well".

(Lt.Col. Ernst is awarded the Ritterkreutz)

The valour demonstrated during the battle of Gemmano as well as the acts
of bravery in combat far beyond the normal fullfilment of duty, earned the Regiment six Ritterkreutz
des Eisernes Kreuz (Knight of the Iron Cross)
awards

When the tempest of fire was over, Ernst wrote down the epitaph for Gemmano :

"How much blood this unhappy heap of ruins has
drunk! Even if this waste of men had not the proportions of Cassino, the fighting here had
the same obstinacy, with the same rage we fought for every house, for every ruin. And as
Cassino was the tomb of the 1st Fallschirmjäger Division, so Gemmano was the tomb of my
Regiment".

Between 1940 and 1944 the division was under the command of General
Julius Ringel . During the course of 1944 command passed to Generalmajor Max-Gunther Schrank and later, from
January to May 1945, to Generalmajor Hans Steets.

The 5th Gebirgsjäger Division, after few months spent in training Germany
(from 1940 to March 1941), took part in the invasion of Greece (breach of the
Metaxas lines) and later was airlanded in Crete (Operation
Merkur) where, fighting alongside with the Fallschirmjägern,
urged the British Empire forces to withdraw from the Balkans.

After the success of the battle for Crete, the division was posted
back to Germany for rest and refitting. From March 1942 to December 1943, the 5th
Gebirgsjäger Division soldiered on the Eastern Front, in the
Volkhov region near Leningrad.

In 1944 the division was assigned to the Italian
front, where it spent, under control of the 10th Armèe, the rest of the war. During the
Italian campaign the division took part in the battles fought on the Gustav
and Gothic defensive lines and distinguished itself for the gallantry of its
Gebirgsjägern, who paid a severe tribute of casualties. In May 1945, after its last
action near the French-Italian border, the 5th Gebirgsjäger Division marched towards
Turin. The division eventually surrendered to the Americans nearby the town of Ivrea .

Acknowledgement

The images of the 5th Division shield and Edelweiss patchcut are courtesy
of Peter Denniston, the webmaster
of a site (Die Gebirgstruppen)
fully dedicated to the German mountain troops, and in particular to the 100th Gebirgs
Regiment.

Well, being interested in WWII history
(with a special interest for the events occurred in Gemmano), I had always said to
myself : "one of these days I will make a research on these facts"
... but nothing happened until, a couple of years ago, I met withCorrado Monti, another
enthusiast of the Gothic Line (he has organized a museum of artifacts, arms, uniforms and
other memories from the battlefields of "Operation Olive" ) who gave me
some good hints and useful material to develop my project. Amongst the other, he provided
me with a book written by Amedeo Montemaggi, an historian,
President of the documentation centre referred to herebelow. This book ( a bilingual
Italian-British edition) contains a vast, daily chronicle of all the battles, of other
military events and personal experiences of the civilians refugees, occurred in Romagna
during the first three weeks of September 1944. I have "visited and
widely exploited" it to create this web site. In fact, without this book this website would not have been created.