Investigation of malaria prevalence at National Thermal Power Corporation, Shaktinagar, Sonbhadra District (Uttar Pradesh), India.
Malaria in industrial complexes is promoted by extensive mosquitogenic potential generated by excavations and importation of parasite through migratory labor. The National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Shaktinagar, Sonbhadra district was surveyed for malariogenic conditions from 1994 to 1996. The major mosquito breeding sites were drains, storm-water drains, lakes, outside tanks, overhead tanks, sluice-valve chambers, ornamental tanks, wells, pit wells and water reservoirs, etc. Anopheles culicifacies was the major vector of malaria in this area. Sibling species identification of An. culicifacies revealed that species C predominated during the transmission season and responsible to transmit malaria. Insecticide susceptibility tests against An. culicifacies sl showed that An.culicifacies population was 100% susceptible to malathion, fenitrothorn and deltamethrin while it was found 44% resistant to DDT. The malaria cases recorded in 1994, 1995 and 1996 were 847, 590 and 409 respectively. In vitro study on P. falciparum cases showed that 41, 70, 50% of the isolates tested were resistant to chloroquine in 1994, 1995 and 1996 respectively while an in vivo follow-up study showed 20-30% P. falciparum cases resistant to chloroquine. An integrated approach involving alternate vector control measures along with judicious use of insecticides has been suggested to bring down malaria in industrial complexes.