deficiency

deficiency disease a condition due to dietary or metabolic deficiency, including all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients.

iron deficiency deficiency of iron in the system, as from blood loss, low dietary iron, or a disease condition that inhibits iron uptake. See iron and iron deficiency anemia.

de·fi·cien·cy dis·ease

any disease resulting from undernutrition or an inadequacy of calories, proteins, essential amino or fatty acids, vitamins, or trace minerals.

deficiency disease

n.

A condition or disease caused by deficiency of a specific vitamin, mineral, or macronutrient such as protein, resulting from inadequate dietary intake, problems with digestion or absorption, or insufficient environmental exposure.

deficiency disease

Etymology: L, de + facere, to make, dis, opposite of; Fr, aise, ease

a condition resulting from the lack of one or more essential nutrients in the diet; from metabolic dysfunction; or from impaired digestion or absorption, excessive excretion, or increased biological requirements. Compare malnutrition. See also avitaminosis.

deficiency disease

Clinical nutrition A condition due to lack of an essential nutrient–eg, protein, minerals or vitamins Metabolic diseases Inborn error of metabolism, see there.

de·fi·cien·cy dis·ease

(dĕ-fish'ĕn-sē di-zēz')

Any disorder resulting from undernutrition or an inadequacy of calories, proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, or trace minerals.

deficiency disease

any condition exhibiting abnormalities produced by lack of a particular component in the diet. Examples include BERI-BERI (vitamin B1), SCURVY (vitamin C), RICKETS (vitamin D), KWASHIORKOR (protein deficiency). Plants can also exhibit conditions brought about by deficiency of minerals. For example, magnesium is required in the synthesis of CHLOROPHYLL a lack of the mineral producing CHLOROSIS of the leaves.

de·fi·cien·cy dis·ease

(dĕ-fish'ĕn-sē di-zēz')

Disease resulting from undernutrition or an inadequacy of calories, proteins, or other needed elements.

disease

traditionally defined as a finite abnormality of structure or function with an identifiable pathological or clinicopathological basis, and with a recognizable syndrome or constellation of clinical signs.

This definition has long since been widened to embrace subclinical diseases in which there is no tangible clinical syndrome but which are identifiable by chemical, hematological, biophysical, microbiological or immunological means. The definition is used even more widely to include failure to produce at expected levels in the presence of normal levels of nutritional supply and environmental quality. It is to be expected that the detection of residues of disqualifying chemicals in foods of animal origin will also come to be included within the scope of disease.

a group of animals with the same disease occurs at an unusual level of prevalence for the population as a whole. The cluster may be in space, with high concentrations in particular localities, or in time, with high concentrations in particular seasons or in particular years.

communicable disease

infectious disease in which the causative agents may pass or be carried from one animal to another directly or indirectly on inanimate objects or via vectors.

complicating disease

one that occurs in the course of some other disease as a complication.

constitutional disease

one involving a system of organs or one with widespread signs.

contagious disease

see communicable disease (above).

disease control

reducing the prevalence of a disease in a population, including eradication, by chemical, pharmaceutical, quarantine, management including culling, or other means or combinations of means.

disease control programs

organized routines specifying agents, administration, time and personnel allocations, community support, funding, participation of corporate or government agencies, animal and animal product disposal.

deficiency disease

a condition due to dietary or metabolic deficiency, including all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients.

that part of a patient's history which relates only to the disease from which the patient is suffering.

holoendemic disease

most animals in the population are affected.

hyperendemic disease

the rate of infection is steady but high.

hypoendemic disease

the rate of infection is steady and only a few animals are infected.

immune complex disease

see immune complex disease.

infectious disease

one caused by small living organisms including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and metazoan parasites. It may be contagious in origin, result from nosocomial infections or be due to endogenous microflora of the nose and throat, skin or bowel. See also communicable disease (above).

manifestational disease classification

diseases arranged in the order of their clinical signs, epidemiological characteristics, necropsy lesions, e.g. sudden death diseases.

mesoendemic disease

the disease occurs at an even rate and a moderate proportion of animals are infected.

any disease in which the pathogenesis can be traced to a single, precise chemical alteration, usually of a protein, which is either abnormal in structure or present in reduced amounts. The corresponding defect in the DNA coding for the protein may also be known.

multicausal disease

1. a number of causative agents are needed to combine to cause the disease.

2. the same disease can be caused by a number of different agents.

multifactorial disease

see multicausal disease (above).

new disease

disease not previously recorded. May be variants on an existing disease, e.g. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, or escapes from other species, e.g. the Marburg virus disease of humans.

notifiable disease

a disease of which any occurrence is required by law to be notified to government authorities.

organic disease

see organic disease.

pandemic disease

a very widespread epidemic involving several countries or an entire continent.

quarantinable disease

a disease which the law requires to be restricted in its spread by putting the affected animals, farms or properties on which it occurs in quarantine.

reportable disease

see notifiable disease (above).

disease reservoir

any animal or fomite in which an infectious disease agent is preserved in a viable state or multiplies and upon which it may depend for survival.

secondary disease

1. a disease subsequent to or a consequence of another disease or condition.

2. a condition due to introduction of incompatible, immunologically competent cells into a host rendered incapable of rejecting them by heavy exposure to ionizing radiation.

It is within this framework that Mitchell suggested that it was a lack of local knowledge of agriculture and a lack of impetus to start farming that compounded the issue of deficiency diseases such as beriberi in Battle Creek.

The discovery of essential nutrients and their roles in disease prevention has been instrumental in almost eliminating nutritional deficiency diseases such as goiter, rickets, and pellagra in the United States.

3), a chemist, regarded the Eijkman factor in beriberi as a definite organic chemical substance, one of several whose inclusion in trace amounts in an otherwise adequate diet was responsible for the cure or prevention of deficiency diseases such as beriberi, scurvy, rickets, and pellagra.

While the nuclear establishment will claim that not enough of these dangerous fission products would be ingested by any one individual to produce adverse health effects, Sternglass and I calculated that there is a significant degree of correlation between the varying degrees of geographic exposure to such fission products and mortality from cancer and other immune deficiency diseases (see chart).

The eight-month-old has been diagnosed with a rare immune deficiency disease and his parents Paula and Paul, of Rogerstone, Newport, were told he needed the transplant to increases his chances of survival.

With the FDA approval in 2007 of Soliris as a treatment for PNH, a complement-inhibitor deficiency disease, Alexion became the first company to discover and then develop a terminal complement inhibitor into a commercial product.

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