Researchers in Gabon and France have discovered a new species of malaria parasite, one that lives in chimpanzees but is closely related to the species most deadly to humans.

The new species was described last week in the journal PLoS Pathogens.

It was named Plasmodium gaboni, and it is closely related to Plasmodium falciparum, which causes more than a million deaths each year, most of them of children in Africa.

In its search for malaria in apes, researchers from the Research Institute for Development in Montpellier, France, and the International Center of Medical Research in Franceville, Gabon, took blood from 17 chimpanzees captured by Gabonese hunters; 2 of them had the new parasite. In Central Africa, baby chimps may be kept or sold as pets after their parents are shot for meat.

Only one other species resembling falciparum malaria, called Plasmodium reichenowi, has been found in apes, so this discovery will help experts studying DNA work out how malaria evolved in apes, humans and, presumably, in their common ancestor.