List of gemstones by species

This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and type.

Minerals
There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. These include:

A - B

C - F

G - L

M - Q

R - Z

Artificial and lab created
There are a number of artificial and lab grown minerals used to produce gemstones. These include:

Organic
There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including:
Amber
Ammolite
Bone
Copal
Coral
Jet
Nacre (Mother of pearl)
Operculum
Pearl

Rocks
Some rocks are used as gems, including:

Chatoyant gems

Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include:

References

Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann 
Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 

Species