William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus

William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus (24 February 1398 – October 1437) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier. The son of George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus and Princess Mary of Scotland, he was a grandson of King Robert III.

The story of Angus' life is interwoven with that of his uncle and King, James I of Scotland.

Angus was born about 1398 at Tantallon Castle in East Lothian. He inherited the Earldom of Angus in 1402, following his father's death of the plague whilst in English captivity, following the Battle of Homildon Hill.

Return of King James
In 1420, Angus was nominated as one of twenty-one noblemen to be delivered as hostages to the English court as security for the ransom of King James I. James had been captured by the English in 1406, and was held by first Henry IV of England, and latterly by his son Henry V of England. During the king's captivity, Scotland was ruled by his uncle Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, who had been in no hurry to pay his nephew's ransom. Following the death of Albany in 1420 the Scots finally paid the ransom monies owed. Whatever the machinations that followed, Angus was not included on the final list of hostages, but was one of the party of Scots nobles who met their King at Durham, in 1424. The King was escorted triumphantly back to Scotland, and Angus received a Knighthood from the King at his coronation at Scone Abbey on the 2 June of that year.

Royal Gaoler
In 1425, a purge took place of the Albany Stewarts and their adherents. The trial which followed at Stirling Castle, included Angus amongst a large faction of Douglas nobles within the jury. Facing execution were Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany,
his two sons Alaisdair and Walter, and the Earl of Lennox. The widowed Duchess of Albany, was held a close prisoner at Tantallon under the supervision of Angus for eight years.

In 1429, King James went north to deal with the ever troublesome Lord of the Isles. Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross. This in response to Alexander and his islemen's burning of Inverness. Angus was a captain in the Royal army and when Islay finally submitted to the King at Holyrood Abbey he was entrusted to the keeping of Angus at Tantallon for two years.

Warden of the Marches
In 1430 Angus was sent on embassy to England as one of the commissioners to negotiate an extension of the truce with the newly crowned Henry VI of England which was prolonged for five years. Later in that year he was appointed Warden of the Middle March. In 1435 Angus led a troop of men to invest Dunbar Castle. The castellan, George II, Earl of March, had previously been made a ward of the King, and the garrison surrendered the castle bloodlessly.

Dunbar castle was then held of the King by Angus and Sir Adam Hepburn of Hailes.

Dunbar fled to England calling for help in regaining Dunbar castle by force of arms. This help materialised in the spring of 1435 when Sir Robert Ogle, the Governor of Berwick upon Tweed, with Henry Percy and 4000 men marched north to retake the Castle. Angus, with Hepburn and Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie, decided not to undergo a siege and engaged with the English forces at the Battle of Piperdean, near to Cockburnspath. This encounter resulted in defeat for the English but with little loss of life. Fifteen hundred prisoners were taken and ransomed.

Later life
Angus continued to consolidate his estates, often at the expense of his cousins the Black Douglases, taking positions and fortresses previously held by the Earls of Douglas, such as Lintalee and finally Hermitage Castle for a time.
Following the assassination of his uncle, King James in February 1437, Angus was instrumental in the pursuit and capture of the conspirators. These included, Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, a great-uncle of Angus himself. Angus died in the October of the same year, aged thirty-nine.

Marriage and issue
Angus' mother remarried in 1409 to Sir James Kennedy younger of Dunure. It is thought that around this time that Angus was betrothed through negotiations by his grandmother, Margaret Stewart, 4th Countess of Angus, to Margaret Hay, daughter of Sir William Hay of Yester. They married in 1425 and they had five children:
 James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Angus
 George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus
 William Douglas of Cluny
 Hugh Douglas, Rector of St. Andrews
 Helen Douglas, m. 1st. William (2nd Lord Graham of Kincardine) Graham  2nd. James Ogilvy, 1st Lord Ogilvy of Airlie

Latterly, Angus' sister, Lady Elizabeth Douglas, would marry his brother in law, Sir David Hay of Yester. Through their son John Hay, 1st Lord Hay of Yester they are the ancestors of the Marquesses of Tweeddale.

References

Category:1390s births
Category:1437 deaths
Category:People from East Lothian
Category:Earls of Angus
William Douglas, 02nd Earl of Angus
Category:15th-century Scottish military personnel