RSV concept map

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Transcript of RSV concept map

Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV concept map Pathophysiology: transmitted of the virus is through direct contact with respiratory secretion or contaminated surfaces. Incubation period is 2 to 8 days RSV infection is limited to the respiratory tract. Initial infection in young infants or children frequently involves the lower respiratory tract. The viruses are able to invade the mucosal cell that lines the bronchi. The cell that is infected by the virus dies and bursts causing the virus to spread and invade nearby cells the membrane of the infected cells infuse with nearby cells creating a large mass of cells also known as “syncytia” the cell debris clogs and obstructs the bronchioles and irritates the airway resulting in partial air way obstruction this creates a wheezing and crackles. Pathophysiology Risk factors: Premature newborns, Complex Congenital Heart Disease, Chronic lung disease, ImmunosuppressionSigns and symptoms: mild symptoms include rhinitis, cough low grade fever, wheezing, tachycardia, poor feeding, vomiting, and diarrhea and may refuse to feed or may spit up what they eat along with thick, clear mucus. Sever symptoms in infants include tachypnea greater than 70 breath per minute, grunting increase wheezing, retractions, nasal flaring, irritability, poor fluid intake and distended abdomen from over expanded lungs. risk factors and sign and symptoms Medical intervention: chest radiograph shows hyperinflation patchy atelectasis and other signs of inflammation. ELISA is a test used to identify the virus. No effective therapy exists for RSV. Children who have RSV are put in isolated rooms to minimize spread of the virus. Humidified oxygen is ordered to maintain oxygen level greater than 90%.hydration and suctioning and chest physiotherapy. Medication includes bronchodilators, ribavirin an antiviral drug specifically available for RSV FOR SEVER CASES Medical intervention Nursing intervention: give required oxygen to child, when child resists parent should comfort child to allow oxygen therapy. Focus on maintaining respiratory function, support overall physiological function and hydration, a bulb syringe and saline nose drops can be used to quickly clear the nasal passage. Elevate head to ease the work of breathing and drain mucus from upper airway. Reducing child’s and family anxiety and prepare the family for home care. nursing intervention Assessment Technologies Institute. (2010). Registered nurse nursing care of children: Review module edition 7.0. Overland Park, KA: Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC.London, M.L., Ladewig, P.W., Ball, J.W., Bindler, R.C., Cowen, K.J. (2011). Maternal and child nursing care (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. APA reference diagnosis Activity Intolerance related to difficulty breathingIneffective airway clearance related to bronchial infection and obstruction. Goals of Treatment: Demonstration of adequate breathing pattern. Report of ability to breathe comfortably. Demonstration of controlled, easy and comfortable breathing. No use of accessory muscles to breathe. Identification of activities that exacerbate breathing patterns. intervention •Determine cause of activity intolerance and determine whether cause is physical, psychological or motivational. •Assess the infant/child’s normal daily activity. •When appropriate; gradually increase activity. •Provide and appropriate rest/activity balance for the infant/child. •Attempt to group nursing activities to avoid interrupting sleep/naps. teaching •Teach patient/family methods to control breathing patterns and eliminate outside factors that are negatively contributing to the problem. •Educate parents to medications that may be required upon discharge. Also educate patterns to signs and symptoms of respiratory difficulties or reoccurrence of RSV symptoms. Evaluations: After having instructed the patient’s parents or caregiver in the teaching of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), it is good to have them come in for an evaluation and follow up on how they are doing.Response to interventions, teaching, actions performed, and treatment regimen The patient and family should have:* Mastery of skills, level of independence.* Attainment or progress toward desired outcome(s).*Identify negative factors affecting activity tolerance and eliminate or reduce their effects when possible.