[Contribution of molecular cytogenetics to the diagnosis of chromosome anomalies].
MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS: New fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques have been developed using fluorescent non-radioactive DNA probes. FISH: Based on the complementary of nucleotides FISH enables visualization and localization of a DNA fragment on chromosomes by hybridizing the complementary DNA sequence, the probe. Many types of tissues can be analyzed, for example hematopoietic cells in blood or bone marrow, amniotic cells, trophoblasts, fibroblasts, gamete or tumoral cells. Molecular cytogenetics can be used to characterize chromosome anomalies in many fields of cytogenetics (constitutional studies, prenatal diagnosis, hematology, oncology).