1.
Improved integration is needed between maternal, sexual and reproductive health services and HIV treatment services.
A study found that even though 11.6% of 1,369 pregnant women were eligible for ARV treatment based on their low CD4 counts prior to delivery and 6 % were eligible postpartum, these women were not integrated into ARV treatment programs; another study found high rates of HIV in STI patients.

2.
Health care providers must have access to gowns, gloves, needle-less systems and eye protection to decrease the risk of occupational exposure to HIV.
[See also Delivery] Studies noted that gowns, gloves and eye protection should be used in all deliveries and in examinations or procedures likely to generate the splashing of blood or amniotic fluid.

7.
Providers and those living with HIV need accurate information on how HIV is transmitted and how most effectively to reduce the likelihood of transmission among serodiscordant couples or between those who do not know their sero-status, including those who wish to become pregnant.
[See Staying Healthy and Reducing Transmission]

12.
Interventions are needed to improve quality of HIV treatment and care within health services.
Studies found that guidelines for counseling were missing from facilities and that clients were referred for HIV testing and counseling in geographically distant locations based on donor preference.

14.
Programs for male circumcision need to provide women, as well as men, with detailed factual knowledge of the benefits and risks of voluntary medical male circumcision.
[See Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision]

15.
Efforts are needed to ensure that providing family-focused HIV care within maternal and child health programs doesn’t discourage men from seeking HIV services.
A study found that men were excluded from PMTCT programs.

19.
A combination of infection control strategies may significantly reduce the rate of TB transmission, including drug-resistant TB, in high-risk, low-resourced health care settings.
A mathematical model was created to simulate TB transmission in high TB/HIV prevalent settings. The model showed that masks alone would prevent 10% of new transmission in an overall epidemic, but could prevent a large proportion of XDR-TB cases among hospital staff. The combination of mask and reduced hospitalization with a shift to outpatient treatment could prevent nearly one-third of XDR-TB cases. Approximately 48% of XDR-TB cases could be averted by the end of 2012, if a combination of mask, reduced hospitalization with shift to outpatient treatment, improved ventilation, rapid drug resistance testing, HIV treatment and TB isolation facilities for highly infectious patients were implemented.