Punjab located in the North West of India. There is Jammu
and Kashmir in the North. There are Haryana and Rajasthan in the South. There
is Himachal Pradesh in the East. It is the Border States of India. In the West
there is Pakistan and Ravi and Satluj separate it from Pakistan.

History Of The Punjab:

The word “Punjab’ is combined from two
Persian words ‘Panj’ and ‘Aab’. Punjab was called a land of five rivers- Ravi,
Beas, Satluj, Jhelum and Chenab. This area was known as ‘Sapta Sindhu’ The language of Punjab is Punjabi. In its development Sikh faith
played very important role. First Sikh Guru Nanak Dev ji founded the new
religious order. It was followed by nine Gurus:

Name Father Span of
Gurgaddi

1. Guru Nanak
Dev ji Mehta Kalu ji 1469 – 1539

2. Guru Angad
Dev ji Pheru Mal ji 1539 – 1552

3. Guru Amar
Das ji Ted Bhan ji 1552 – 1574

4. Guru Ram Das
ji Har Das ji 1574 – 1581

5. Guru Arjun
Dev ji Guru Ram Das ji 1581 – 1606

6. Guru
Hargobind ji Guru Arjun Dev ji 1606 – 1644

7. Guru Har Rai
ji Baba Gurditta ji 1644 – 1661

8. Guru Har
Krishan ji Guru Har Rai ji 1661 – 1664

9. Guru Teg
Bahadur ji Guru Hargobind ji 1664 – 1675

10. Guru Gobind
Singh ji Guru Teg Bahadur ji 1675 – 1708

Divisions of Punjab: In
the State for administrative purpose there are four divisions in Punjab:

11-Philology : The study of written record (any languages )
and their authenticity etc .

Scientific Instruments

1-Barometer : Used for measuring the atmospheric Pressure.

2-Audiometer : Used for measuring intensity of sound.

3-Hygrometer : Used for measuring humidity in air .

Vitamin and Diet
Deficiency

Vitamin Disease Sources

Vitamin A Night Blindness Carrot, Milk, Eggs, Papaya

Vitamin B Beriberi Pulses, Eggs, Groundnut

Vitamin B2 Celosias
Liver, Milk, Meat

Vitamin B6 Anemia
Liver, Milk, Meat

Vitamin B7 Pellagra
Fish, Eggs.

Vitamin B12 Bloodlessness Liver, Eggs

Vitamin C Scurvy Orange, Tomato, Lemon

Vitamin D Rickets Sunlight, Eggs, Butter, Fish, Oil

Vitamin E Sterility Green vegetable, Milk, Liver

Vitamin K Delay in Blood ClottingGreen Vegetable

Diseases and the parts
of Body they Affect

Disease Parts of Body affected

Cataract Eyes

Diabetes Pancreas

Diphtheria Throat

Glaucoma Eyes

Goiter Front of
the neck(due to enlargement of Thyroid gland)

Jaundice Liver

Polio Molar
neurons

Typhoid Intestine

Malaria Spleen

Leukemia Blood

Rickets Bones

Atomic Energy And Space
Research

Atomic Energy: Atomic Energy commission (AEC) was set
up in August 1948. it is responsible for the application of atomic energy in India for
peaceful purposes at tomboy near Bombay (Maharashtra ) there are :-

(a) Bhabha
Atomic research centre (BARC) and

(b) six nuclear research reactors named as :-

(i)
Apsara

(ii) cirrus

(iii) Zerlina

(iv) Purnima I

(v) Purnima II

(vi) Dhruva : Dhruva is the country’s biggest research reactor.

There are seven Nuclear Power
stations:

(i) Kalpakkam near Chennai (Tamil Nadu)

(ii) Rawatbhata (Rajasthan)

(iii)
Tarapur (Maharashtra)

(iv) Narora , Bulandshahar (U.P.)

(v) Kakrapar (Gujarat).

(vi) Kaiga (Karnataka)

(vii) Kudankulam (Tamilnadu).

Atomic Blast By India :- On May 18, 1974India carried out an underground “
peaceful nuclear explosion experiment” at Pokhran (Rajasthan) at 8.05 a.m. at a depth of more than
100 meters and thus she became the world’s sixth nuclear power : The first five
being USA,
Russia,
UK,
France and China.

Space Research: - In June 1972, Space Commission was setup. The Thumba Equatorial
Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in Kerala was dedicated to the U.N.O. in
February 1968. The satellite Launching Station has been established at
Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.