The Li-Fraumeni syndrome: an inherited susceptibility to cancer.
The Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a rare autosomal-dominant disease whose hallmark is a predisposition to a wide range of cancers among members of a family. Many of these families have a germline mutation within the tumor suppressor gene TP53, which encodes the p53 protein. The inheritance of a mutant TP53 allele results in a 25-fold increase in the chance of developing cancer by 50 years of age, compared with the general population. TP53 mutations are also very common in the development of somatic tumors. This article reviews the biological and biochemical role of p53 in the susceptibility to cancer in Li-Fraumeni syndrome.