BAYNARD CASTLE

The remains of a medieval magnate's residence, which has been known as Baynard Castle since the 19th century. A manor house was first documented on the site in the 1170s. There are subtantial remains of a moated enclosure and rampart, also visible on aerial photograhs and lidar. Finds from the site suggest that there may have been a settlement on the site in the Mid Saxon period.

Large sections of the moat have now been obliterated by building construction. Authorised for publication on 1/1250 Resurvey as 'BAYNARD CASTLE [GT] (site of)' [TI]. 'MOAT [GT] Published as Athorised for publication on 1/1250 Resurvey as: MOAT (GT) (2)

No trace of the ramparts remain, but much of the moat is still in existence, and has been surveyed. Area consists of housing developments and small market garden. (3)

The moat is dry. Slopes as shown on 6" Qtr sheet varying in height from 2-3 metres. (4)

Cottingham. The Castle received licence for crenellation in 1327. The moat is well defined behind the house in Northgate and West End Road, and the motte can be seen from West Green. (5)

TA 041330 (centred) Baynard Castle, Cottingham, scheduled. Moated site, and such by at least 1276. Badly damaged in building work, 1951. Much of moat still, however, traceable in midst of housing and a small market garden. (6)

TA 041 331. Cottingham (Baynard Castle). A double-moated enclosure founded in the time of Stephen. William de Stuteville received a licence to crenellate it in 1201, and it had another licence in 1327. (8-10)

Baynard Castle, Cottingham, was originally a rectangular enclosure of 10.75 acres with a suggestion that the north-east corner originally as a keep. The present entrance on the south-east may represent the original position. (11)

A moat at Cottingham was mentioned in a manorial extent 1276. There were fish-ponds, but they have been destroyed. (12)

TA 041 330. Baynard Castle, Cottingham. A rectangular enclosure of c.11 acres with rounded corners and defended by a bank and ditch. The N half is further defended by an inner ditch. Building in the present century has largely obscured the outer defences, although they remain clearly fossilised in the settlement plan. Only on the E side of the site can a clear impression be gained of the former layout of the monument, through the survival of the outer rampart and ditch together with a portion of the outer bailey including some earthwork remains preserved in rough pasture.

A castle was first mentioned in c.1170-80 and in 1201 William de Stutville had licence to enclose and fortify it. The house was moated in 1272 and described as "well built with a double ditch and enclosed by a wall" in 1282. Thomas Wake had licence to crenellate in 1327, but the house was described as ruinous in 1349. Garrets, a bridge and a gatehouse are mentioned in the 15th century. Leland found no trace of Stutville's castle, but "four mean farmer's houses...within the castle garth". (13)

TA 041 330. Baynard Castle, Cottingham. Scheduled No HU/140. (14)

A trial excavation within the S outer bailey in 1991 uncovered phases of occupation dated to the 12th to 14th centuries, including chalk floors, wall footings and industrial metal-working areas, the latter still containing furnace/hearth bases. Wooden sill beams from early 12th century wall structures, and evidence for a wattle-and-daub structure were also discovered. Several sherds of mid Saxon pottery represented earlier activity in the area. A full archive report is available from the Humbs Archaeol Unit. (15)

The monument includes buried and earthwork remains of part of a medieval magnate's residence which has been known as Baynard Castle since at least the 19th century. The monument includes the inner court, the full circuit of the inner moat, part of the outer court, and the undeveloped defensive bank and surrounding outer moat bank. (16)

The earthworks of a moated enclosure and outer rampart are visible on aerial photographs and lidar. Parts of the southern and western part of the site are encroached upon by housing and gardens. The moated enclosure, centred at TA 0407 3306, has three sides visible and the southern ditch is less clearly defined. The outer rampart is visble along the eastern side.(17-18)

SOURCE TEXT

( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date)

OS 6" Prov 1926/38

( 2) Large Scale / Small Scale Map Revisers Comment

Large Scale Surveyor 03-MAR-1951 Km TA 0433 SW

( 3) Field Investigators Comments

Chief Surveyor Hull OS 513 27-JUN-1951 (KMS TA 0333 SE & TA 0433)

( 4) Large Scale / Small Scale Map Revisers Comment

SA Crick 7 252 SS Reviser A.06"

( 5) by Nikolaus Pevsner and David Neave 1995 Yorkshire : York and the East Riding

The Buildings of England Page(s)217

( 6) by Neil Loughlin and Keith Miller 1979 A survey of archaeological sites in Humberside carried out for the Humberside Joint Archaeological Committee