Serotonin: a coordinator of feeding-related physiological events in the blood-gorging bug, Rhodnius prolixus.
Rhodnius prolixus is an obligatory blood-feeder that can ingest blood meals of up to 10 times its mass. Rapid production of urine commences within 2-3 min of the start of feeding in order to eliminate the load of water and salts, and so there is an increase of Malpighian tubule secretion greater than 1,000 fold in response to feeding. Feeding and post-prandial diuresis in Rhodnius are highly coordinated events, including for example, host recognition, probing, injection of saliva, cuticle plasticization, passage of blood through the digestive system, diuresis and excretion. This review illustrates that many of the known functions of serotonin in Rhodnius are feeding-related. Serotonin coordinates or 'orchestrates' feeding-related physiological events either as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator, delivered to target tissues in the nerve supply, or as a neurohormone, delivered by the haemolymph. Thus, serotonin has physiological effects upon the salivary glands, cuticle, digestive tract, cardiac muscle, and Malpighian tubules. By discussing these aspects, the review illustrates that serotonin acts in a coordinated manner to prepare Rhodnius for this energy-demanding process of feeding and diuresis.