Q:

What is the use of the dummy device?

I am checking the code of the dummy device driver. The dummy_xmit() function destroys the packet. I want to ask what is the real use of the dummy device or is it not useful today and is a legacy device type ?
If I do the following test with the dummy device type:
$ sudo ip link add dummy1 type dummy
$ sudo ip addr add 2.2.2.2/24 dev dummy1
$ sudo ip link set dummy1 up

If I ping 2.2.2.2, it will go to the loopback interface. If I ping 2.2.2.10, it will go to the dummy_xmit() function, but that will destroy the packet. If the only case where the packet is not destroyed is when the loopback is being used, why not just use loopback ? 

A:

The dummy interface is really a little exotic, but rather useful nevertheless. Its main benefit is with standalone hosts, and machines whose only IP network connection is a dial-up link. In fact, the latter are standalone hosts most of the time, too.
The dilemma with standalone hosts is that they only have a single network device active, the loopback device, which is usually assigned the address 127.0.0.1. On some occasions, however, you need to send data to the `official' IP address of the local host. For instance, consider the laptop vlite, that has been disconnected from any network for the duration of this example.
An application on vlite may now want to send some data to another application on the same host. Looking up vlite in /etc/hosts yields an IP-address of 191.72.1.65, so the application tries to send to this address. As the loopback interface is currently the only active interface on the machine, the kernel has no idea that this address actually refers to itself! As a consequence, the kernel discards the datagram, and returns an error to the application.
This is where the dummy device steps in. It solves the dilemma by simply serving as the alter ego of the loopback interface. In the case of vlite, you would simply give it the address 191.72.1.65 and add a host route pointing to it. Every datagram for 191.72.1.65 would then be delivered locally. The proper invocation is:
       # ifconfig dummy vlite
       # route add vlite

