Q:

What do you call the drawing which contains tracks, pads and drilling points of a PCB layer/side?

Example:

Does this drawing has a technical name?
I see that people usually call these drawings "PCB". But, PCB is physical object, physical implementation of circuit, isn't it? Is these kind of drawings really called "PCB", or do they have a special name?

A:

I would also call the drawing you show a "PCB layout", as it obviously isn't the PCB object. But like Wouter already indicated the definition of a PCB contains a lot more information that the copper pattern shown. First, this is just one layer, there could be a second copper pattern on the top/bottom side (for PTH the default copper layer is bottom, for SMT it's top), and inner layers, up to about 20 in the extreme.  
In general you won't find a drawing that includes tracks/pads and drillings, because that's already too much information for one drawing. The drillings drawing will show a series of different markers, like +, x, T, etc, for different hole diameters. Usually you'll have 1 drill drawing, since the hole will go through all layers in most cases. If you have the  wallet for it you can have blind or buried vias, and the the drilling will be different for each layer.  
My drawings start with the board outline, and that's often a pretty boring drawing, as it can be just a rectangle, but also a more complex outline like this one

is possible. Each of the component layers will have 

a copper layer (no distinction is made between tracks and pads)  
a solder mask layer (which leaves the pads clear)
a "silk" layer, containing texts to be printed, like refdes's, logo's and identification  
a mechanical/keep-out layer, which shows the designer where he shouldn't place components, or indicating how much height he has available in certain areas. (This layer is of no use for the PCB manufacturer.)

So "PCB layout" is only part of the drawings, and in many cases should be called "PCB layout top" or "PCB layout bottom".

A:

The picture you show is the copper side (bottom layer copper) of a PCB. It shows the copper (and the outline). It does not show the drills as such, only the absence of copper that suggests drills at certain places. A real drill picture could for instance also show drills at the corners that are not surrounded by copper.
There are many more layers, for instance in rough order of probability: 

drills
bottom solder screen
top silkscreen
top copper
top solder screen
bottom silk screen
for more than 2 layers: additional copper and drill layers

A:

I think the word you're looking for is Gerber:

The Gerber format is a file format used by printed circuit board (PCB)
  industry software to describe the images of a printed circuit board
  (copper layers, solder mask, legend, drill holes, etc.). The Gerber
  format is the de-facto industry standard for printed circuit board
  image transfer.

Gerber files are actually ASCII text files:
G75*
G70*
%OFA0B0*%
%FSLAX24Y24*%
%IPPOS*%
%LPD*%
%AMOC8*5,1,8,0,0,1.08239X$1,22.5*%
%ADD10C,0.0080*%
D10*
X000281Y000835D02*
X002472Y006196D01*
M02*

But programs used to view Gerber files create images like this one you've shown and this one:

The programs create those images for human consumption. But the ASCII is read just fine by the CAM Machines used to create the PCBs.
From What is a Gerber File?:

In many ways, Gerber is the electronics world's equivalent of PDF. 
  This odd little format, a hybrid machine control language and image,
  is a core component of the electronics manufacturing supply chain.

