mRNA localization as a rheostat to regulate subcellular gene expression.
It is currently believed that certain messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are localized to distinct subcellular regions to efficiently target their encoded proteins. However, this simplistic model does not explain why in certain scenarios mRNA localization is dispensable for proper protein distribution. In other cases, mRNA localization is accompanied by translational silencing and degradation by the localization machinery. Here we propose that in certain scenarios mRNAs are localized so that they can either be stabilized and translated, or silenced and degraded, in response to the needs of the subcellular locale. In these cases, the localized mRNA, and its cadre of associated factors, act as a rheostat that regulates protein production and/or mRNA stability in response to the needs of its immediate subcellular environment. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1416. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1416 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.