National conservatism

National conservatism is a variant of conservatism common in Europe and Asia that concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity, while mixing conservative elements with purely nationalist ones.

It shares characteristics with traditionalist conservatism and social conservatism given how the three variations focus on preservation and tradition. As national conservatism seeks to preserve national interests, traditional conservatism emphasizes ancestral institutions and social conservatism. National-conservative parties often have roots in environments with a rural, traditionalist or peripheral basis, contrasting with the more urban support base of liberal-conservative parties. In Europe, most embrace some form of Euroscepticism. 

The majority of conservative parties in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 have been national conservative.

Ideology

Social policies
National conservative parties are "socially traditional", and support the traditional family and social stability. According to the Austrian political scientist Sieglinde Rosenberger, "national conservatism praises the family as a home and a center of identity, solidarity, and tradition". Many national conservatives are thus social conservatives, as well as in favor of massively limiting immigration and enacting strict law-and-order policies.

Economic policies
National conservative parties in different countries do not necessarily share a common position on economic policy: Their views may range from support of a planned economy to a centrist mixed economy to a laissez-faire approach. In the first, more common, case, national conservatives can be distinguished from liberal conservatives, for whom free market economic policies, deregulation, and tight spending are the main priorities. Some commentators have indeed identified a growing gap between national and economic liberal conservatism: "Most parties of the Right [today] are run by economically liberal conservatives who, in varying degrees, have marginalized social, cultural, and national conservatives."

List of national conservative political parties

Current national conservative parties or parties with national conservative factions
The following political parties have been characterised as national conservative, at least as one of their ideological influences.

 Albania: Democratic Party of Albania, Republican Party of Albania (factions) 
 Australia: One Nation, Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party
 Austria: Freedom Party of Austria, Alliance for the Future of Austria
 Belgium: Vlaams Belang
 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Party of Democratic Progress
 Brazil: Alliance for Brazil, Brazilian Labour Renewal Party, Patriota, Social Liberal Party
 Bulgaria: IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement, National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria, Union of Democratic Forces, Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria, Democratic Party
 Cambodia: Cambodian People’s Party
 Canada: People's Party of Canada
 Chile: Independent Democratic Union
 Colombia: Democratic Center
 Croatia: Croatian Democratic Union (factions), Croatian Conservative Party
 Cyprus: Solidarity Movement 
 Czech Republic: Civic Democratic Party, Tricolour Citizens' Movement, Realists
 Denmark: Danish People's Party, The New Right
 El Salvador: Nationalist Republican Alliance
 Estonia: Isamaa, Conservative People's Party of Estonia
 Finland: Finns Party
 France: National Rally, France Arise, Movement for France
 Germany: Alternative for Germany
 Greece: Independent Greeks, Greek Solution, New Democracy (factions)
 Guatemala: National Convergence Front
 Honduras: National Party of Honduras
 Hungary: Fidesz, Christian Democratic People's Party, Independent Smallholders Party
 India: Bharatiya Janata Party
 Indonesia: Great Indonesia Movement Party
 Ireland: Fianna Fáil
 Israel: Likud, New Right, The Jewish Home
 Italy: Brothers of Italy, Forza Italia (faction – Protagonist Italy), Citizens' Union for South Tyrol, South Tyrolean Freedom
 Japan: Liberal Democratic Party
 Kenya: Jubilee Party
 Latvia: National Alliance
 Lithuania: Homeland Union, Order and Justice
 Luxembourg: Alternative Democratic Reform Party
 Macedonia: VMRO-DPMNE 
 Malaysia: United Malays National Organisation
 Montenegro: New Serb Democracy
 Myanmar: Union Solidarity and Development Party
 Nepal: Rastriya Prajatantra Party
 Netherlands: Forum for Democracy
 Norway: Progress Party
 Panama: Panameñista Party
 Paraguay: Colorado Party
 Philippines: Nacionalista Party
 Poland: Law and Justice, Confederation Freedom and Independence (factions)
 Portugal: CDS – People's Party, Enough
 Russia: United Russia
 Serbia: Serbian Progressive Party, Democratic Party of Serbia 
 Singapore: People's Action Party
 Slovakia: We Are Family, Slovak National Party
 Slovenia: Slovenian Democratic Party
 South Africa: Freedom Front Plus 
 South Korea: United Future Party, Dawn of Liberty
 Spain: Vox
 Sweden: Sweden Democrats
 Switzerland: Swiss People's Party, Federal Democratic Union
 Taiwan: Kuomintang
 Thailand: Palang Pracharath Party
 Turkey: Justice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, İyi Party
 United Kingdom: Conservative Party (factions), Democratic Unionist Party, Traditional Unionist Voice, UKIP
 United States: Republican Party (factions)

Former national conservative parties, or parties with national conservative factions

 Canada: Union Nationale
 Czech Republic: National Party, National Unity
 France: Rally for the Republic
 Germany: German National People's Party
 Hungary: Hungarian Democratic Forum
 Italy: National Alliance, The Right
 Romania: Conservative Party
 San Marino: Sammarinese People, Sammarinese National Alliance
 Slovakia: People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia
 South Korea: Democratic Republican Party, Democratic Justice Party, New Korea Party, Liberty Korea Party

See also

Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe
European Alliance for Freedom
Europe of Nations and Freedom
Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom
Nationalism
New nationalism (21st century)
Paleoconservatism
Radical right (Europe)
Right-wing populism
Souverainism
Opposition to immigration

References

Books

Category:Political science terminology
Category:Conservatism
Category:Nationalism
Category:Conservatism-related lists