This unique report reflects the new reality that energy harvesting - creation of off-grid electricity where it is needed, using ambient energy - is now widely deployable up to 100kW and beyond. This is resulting in dramatic new capabilities such as the rapidly growing number of land, water and air vehicles that operate entirely on sunshine and electricity becoming affordable and feasible in remote parts of Africa. It will result in the electric vehicle that has longer range than the vehicles it replaces. It makes autonomous vehicles more feasible and shipping much more efficient. Only a global up-to-date view makes sense in this fast-moving subject embracing Google airborne wind energy (AWE), Facebook solar robot aircraft, Siemens small wind turbines and regenerative braking. There are already autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and navigation buoys that combine solar and wave power.

The multilingual PhD level IDTechEx analysts have travelled intensively in 2015 to report the latest research and expert opinions and to analyse how the markets and technologies will move over the coming decade. Many original IDTechEx tables and infographics pull together the analysis in easily understood form. The report comes with 30 minutes free consultancy.

Energy harvesting is now a booming business at the level of 10 watts to 100 kilowatts and beyond, off-grid. That includes making a vehicle, boat or plane more efficient such as energy harvesting shock absorbers and high speed flywheels, reversing alternators and motors for instance on the propeller of a boat under sail or moored in a tidestream and regeneratively soaring aircraft and braking cars and forklifts. Similar technology now harvests the energy of a swinging construction vehicle, dropping elevator and so on and soon the heat of engines will be harvested in kilowatts and off-grid wave power will become commonplace.

High power energy harvesting also embraces off-grid creation of electricity that will be used generally such as that harnessing photovoltaics, small wind turbines and what enhances or replaces them such as the new airborne wind energy (AWE). This is underwritten by both strong demand for today's forms of high power EH and a recent flood of important new inventions that increase the power capability and versatility of many of the basic technologies of energy harvesting. It all reads onto the megatrends of this century - reducing global warming and local air, water and noise pollution, relieving poverty and conserving resources.

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Thermoelectrics for Energy Harvesting total value thousands of dollars 2017-2027

1.25.

Some highlights of global effort on energy harvesting

2.1.

Maturity of HPEH technologies in adoption and development not age. Off-grid only with electricity used where made.

2.2.

Power density provided by different forms of high power energy harvesting. Best volumetric and gravimetric energy density.

2.3.

Some classical applications with the type of transducer and energy storage typically chosen

3.1.

Some modes of high power, 10 watts or more, electrodynamic energy harvesting with related processes highlighted in green

3.2.

Examples of actual high power electrodynamic harvesting by type, sub type and manufacturer with comment. Those in volume production now are in yellow, within five years in grey, those with much development but no volume production

4.1.

Comparison of pn junction and photoelectrochemical photovoltaics

4.2.

The main options for photovoltaics beyond conventional silicon compared

FIGURES

1.1.

Examples of photovoltaics providing total power requirements of a vehicle, including motive power

1.2.

Examples of applications being developed 10W-100kW

1.3.

Technology focus of 200 organisations developing the different leading energy harvesting technologies

1.4.

Maturity of different forms of energy harvesting

1.5.

Hype curve snapshot for high power energy harvesting applications in 2015-6

1.6.

Hype curve snapshot for high power energy harvesting applications in 2026

1.7.

Hype curve for HPEH technology 2016

1.8.

Hype curve for HPEH technology 2026

1.9.

Institutions involved in airborne wind energy in 2015

1.10.

Proliferation of actual and potential energy harvesting in land vehicles

1.11.

Proliferation of actual and potential energy harvesting in marine vehicles

1.12.

Proliferation of actual and potential energy harvesting in airborne vehicles

1.13.

EH system diagram

1.14.

Multiple energy harvesting

1.15.

HPP structure

1.16.

HPP envisaged application in buildings

1.17.

Envisaged marine application of HPP

1.18.

HPEH including battery systems related to other off-grid and to on-grid harvesting market values

Annual share of annual variable renewable power generation on-grid and off-grid 2014 and 2030 if all Remap options are implemented

2.16.

Hanergy Holding Group Ltd. is a multinational clean energy company

3.1.

TIGER device and system diagram

3.2.

Oshkosh hybrid truck

3.3.

Electraflyer Trike

3.4.

Electraflyer uncowled

3.5.

Flywheels compared with other energy storage

3.6.

GKN Gyrodrive breakdown

3.7.

Flybrid parallel hybrid flywheel

3.8.

Battery progress

3.9.

Volvo Flywheel KERS components

3.10.

Volvo flywheel KERS system layout

3.11.

Magneto Marelli electrical KERS Motor Generator Unit

3.12.

The Marelli system

3.13.

Williams Formula One KERS flywheel

3.14.

GenShock prototype held by Humvee coil spring where it is installed

3.15.

Levant Power GenShock energy harvesting shock absorber

3.16.

AWE conference

3.17.

Tether drag solution

3.18.

Two kite system. While one deploys (A) generating power, it pull in the other, which is in a non-flight status

3.19.

View of AWE risks

3.20.

E-kite ground station

3.21.

EnerKite presentation

3.22.

Google Makani M600 prototype

3.23.

e-Wind proposition hiring land from farmers

3.24.

TwingTec USP

3.25.

Ampyx slides - examples

3.26.

Altaeros presentation

3.27.

Altaeros BAT airborne wind turbine compared

3.28.

Kitemill presentation

3.29.

Kitegen kite providing supplementary power to a ship

3.30.

ABB assessment

3.31.

IFEVS "Portable Wind Generator" subject to six pending patents

3.32.

Inergy planned vertical turbine on autonomous boat.

3.33.

Kitemill tethered drone generating 30 kW when sold for the first time in 2018 and potentially 1MW for ships

3.34.

Power potential of energy harvesting shock absorbers

3.35.

Energy harvesting shock absorbers being progressed by the State University of New York

3.36.

Tufts University and Electric Truck energy harvesting shock absorbers

3.37.

Wattshocks electricity generating shock absorber

3.38.

Wattshocks publicity

3.39.

On-road test SUV

3.40.

Wave Swell Energy Ltd (WSE) - how it works

3.41.

Witt presentation at IDTechEx event Berlin April 2015 - extracts

4.1.

Kopf Solarshiff pure electric solar powered lake boats in Germany and the UK for up to 150 people

4.2.

NREL adjudication of efficiencies under standard conditions

4.3.

Powerweave

4.4.

Solar roads

5.1.

Representation of the Peltier (left) and the Seebeck (right) effect

5.2.

1 kW ATEG

5.3.

Anatomy of high power ATEG

5.4.

A general overview of the sequential manufacturing steps required in the construction of thermoelectric generators

5.5.

Generic schematic of thermoelectric energy harvesting system

5.6.

Figure of merit for some thermoelectric material systems

5.7.

Orientation map from a skutterudite sample

5.8.

Power Density and Sensitivity plotted for a variety of TEGs at a ΔT=30K

5.9.

% of Carnot efficiency for thermogenerators for different material systems

5.10.

Schematic of the inside of a typical thermoelectric element

5.11.

Micropelt intelligent Thermostatic Radiator Valves (iTRVs)

5.12.

The fabrication method of the CNT-polymer composite material (top), and an electron microscope image of its surface (lower)

5.13.

A flexible thermoelectric conversion film fabricated by using a printing process (left) and its electrical power-generation ability (right). A temperature difference created by placing a hand on the film installed on the 10 °C pla