With 4,076 km long road, North-South Corridor aims at connecting Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir with Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.

With 3,640 km of road length, the East-West Corridor has been planned to connect Silchar in Assam with the port town of Porbandar in Gujarat.

State Highways are constructed and maintained by the state governments.

The State Highways join the state capitals with district headquarters and other important towns.

All State Highways collectively constitute about 4 per cent of the total road length in the country.

District roads are the roads connecting the District Headquarters and the other important nodes in the district.

District roads account about 60.83 per cent of the total road length of the country.

Further, about 80 per cent of the total road length in India come under rural roads.

Other roads include Border Roads and International Highways.

The Border Road Organization (BRO) was established in May 1960 for the acceleration of economic development and strengthening defense preparedness through rapid and coordinated improvement of strategically important roads along the northern and north-eastern boundary of the country.

BRO has constructed roads in high altitude mountainous terrain joining Chandigarh with Manali (Himachal Pradesh) and Leh (Ladakh), which runs at an average altitude of 4,270 meters above the mean sea level.

The road density is only 12.14 km in Jammu and Kashmir, whereas in Kerala it is 517.77 km.

Railways

Railways was introduced to India in 1853, when a line was constructed from Bombay to Thane covering a distance of 34 km.

The total length of Indian Railways network is 64460 km. (March 2011).

Indian Railways system has been divided into sixteen zones (as shown in the map given below − the lines shown in different colors illustrate the regions of respective zones).

India has three system of railways − broad gauge (the distance between rails is 1.676 meter); meter gauge (the distance between rails is one meter); and narrow gauge (the distance between the rails is 0.762 meter or 0.610 meter).

Konkan Railway constructed along the western coast in 1998, is a landmark achievement of Indian Railway.

Konkan Railway is 760 km long rail route connecting Roha in Maharashtra to Mangalore in Karnataka.

Besides, NW 4 covers specified stretches of rivers Godavari and Krishna along with Kakinada Puducherry; the total distance is 1078 km.

NW 5 covers specified stretches of river Brahmani along with Matai river, delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East Coast canals; the total distance is 588 km.

With 12 major and 185 minor ports, India has a vast coastline of approximate 7,517 km, including islands.

Roughly 95% of India’s foreign trade by volume and 70% by value moves through ocean routes.

Airways

Air transport in India marked its beginning in 1911 with the commencement of airmail over a little distance of 10 km between Allahabad and Naini.

The Airport Authority of India is accountable for providing safe, efficient air traffic, and aeronautical communication services in the Indian Air Space.

Pawan Hans is the helicopter service operating in hilly areas and is widely used by tourists in north-eastern regions.

Pipelin

Asia’s first cross country pipeline covering a distance of 1,157 km was constructed by Oil India Limited (OIL) from Naharkatiya oilfield in Assam to Barauni refinery in Bihar, which further extended up to Kanpur in 1966.

Mumbai High-Koyali and Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) are the most important pipelines in India.

1256 km long pipeline between Salaya (Gujarat) and Mathura (U.P.) has been constructed recently.