Blood making process (hemopoiesis) and organs important
for blood health.

The hemopoiesis Blood cells are generated from
bone marrow through a process called hemopoiesis which is a series of
cell proliferation and differentiation. Hemopoiesis has three phases:
1) from a pluripotent stem cell to a multipotent stem cell for blood cells
(CFU-GEMM) or to a lymphoid for lymphocytes, 2) from a multipotent stem
cell to a committed erythroid in two steps, first into a burst-forming
unit-erythroid (BFU-E), and then a colony-forming unit-erythroid
(CFU-E), 3) from CFU-E to mature red blood cells in multiple steps under
the control of a hormone erythropoietin produced by the kidney and the
liver.

The important organs At least, there are other
three organs whose health are also critical for production and health of
blood cells, namely, intestine, kidney and liver. The intestine absorbs
iron, vitamin B12, and other nutrients necessary for production of normal
blood cell. The liver stores iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. The liver
also produces about 10% of blood production hormone erythropoietin. The
kidney produces 90% of blood production hormone erythropoietin. Thus, disorders
in any of these organs could induce anemia.

Nutrients and their function Iron, vitamin
B12 and folic acid are known nutrients necessary for blood production.
However, they have no stimulating effects on hemopoiesis at all. Iron is
a component of hemoglobin. While iron deficiency may limits blood production,
excessive intake of iron can only be toxic rather than promoting the desired
production of blood cells. Vitamin B12 and folic acid are essential for
synthesizing component of DNA. Their deficiency results in adnormalities
in DNA synthesis, and affects all of the cell renewal systems, including
blood cells. However, like iron, extra intake of vitamin B12 and folic
acid does not stimulate blood production. All of the three nutrients are
absorbed through gastrointestinal system, and stored in the liver. Deficiencies
of the nutrients could be resulted from disorders of the organs rather
than short in diet supply.

Physiological factors Women have a special
concern, the menstruation, which results in losing blood, and particularly,
in abnormal menstruation. In USA and other developed countries, between
10% to 20% of women of childbearing age are anemic.

Summary Blood production and blood health are
not only the function of bone marrow, or availabilities of certain nutrients,
but also the result of coordinated function of different organs of the
body.

Effects of Nature's Essence™ Blood Tonic Syrup on production
and health of blood cells.

Experiments have demonstrated that ingredients of Nature's Essence™ Blood
Tonic Syrup can promote production of blood cells in all three stages of
hemopoiesis, and contribute to the health of the related organs. These
beneficial effects result in fundamental improvement of health condition
of the body and naturally relieve anemia.

Effects on blood making process
Specific ingredients of Nature's Essence™ Blood Tonic Syrup that were experimentally
observed to promote production and maturation of blood cells in different
stages of hemopoiesis are summarized in following table.

Blood cells in different stages of hemopoiesis

Plruipotent stem cells

CFU-GEMM, BFU-E

CFU-E

Red blood cells

Ingredient observed to promote production of the blood cells

Dang quai(1)
Astragalus(2)

Dang quai
Remannia

Dang quai
Remannia

Dang quai(1)
Equus asinus linnaeus(3)
Codonopsi(4)

(1) The effects of Dang quai are more significant when peripheral blood
cells are decreased, or when bone marrow is inhibited.
(2) Astragalus promotes generation and maturation of various kinds
of cells including blood cells. It is noteworthy that it promotes production
of DNA of bone marrow stem cells.
(3) Equus asinus linnaeus promotes production of hemoglobin and red
blood cells.
(4) Codonopsi increases red blood cells as well as hemochrome

Effects on organs related to production and health
of blood cells Specific ingredients of Nature's Essence
Blood Tonic Syrup and their effects, observed experimentally or clinically,
on blood cells and organs related to hemopoiesis are summarized in the
following table.

Moisture gut, reported to be clinically(1) used in treating
acute gastritis.

Maintain normal function and protect cells from being damaged
by oxidant

Astragalus

Improve the function, experimentally observed, and clinically
used to relieve nephritis

Protect from damage by ClC4, clinically used to impove the
function and treat hepatitis.

Codonopsi

anti-thrombosis

Anti-ulcer, protect from damage of stomach mucosa

Ligusticum Chuanxiong hort

Anti-hemolysis, inhibit platelet aggregation, anti-thrombosis

Increase blood circulation

Smilax glabra roxb

Relax intestine, reduce stomach acid

Protect from damage by ClC4

Liquorice

Anti-ulcer, spasmolysis reduce stomach acid,

Protect from damages

white peomy

Spasmolysis

Protect from damages

Honey

Moisture intestine

(1) The term "clinic" in this table refers to the practical use in traditional
Chinese medicine.

Effect on menstruation The
formula of Nature's Essence™ Blood Tonic Syrup includes the most well known
"Four Plant Soap", namely, Dong Quai, White peony root, Rehmannia and Ligusticum
Chuanxiong hort. This "Four Plant Soup" is well known for its beneficial
effects and traditional uses for health of menstruation circle. Experimentally,
it was observed that Dang Quai can dual directionally regulate the status
of myometrum of uterus.

Summary No single part
of the body can function by its own with physiological meaning. Production
and health of blood involve, at least but not limited to, four organs,
e.g., bone marrow, gastrointestinal system, the liver and the kidney. Disorder
in any of these organs could affect blood conditions and result in anemia.
Nature's Essence™ Blood Tonic Syrup approaches the problem of blood production
and health by fundamentally improving health of the related organs, so
that anemia is naturally relieved. This is what it distinct from any other
supplements of iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid.

Data provided above are all based on peer reviewed published literatures.
No statements have been evaluation by FDA. The product is not intended
to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any diseases.