Direct continuous measurements of thermal expansion coefficients of liquids and solids using flow microcalorimetry.
A differential heat capacity flow microcalorimeter is used to monitor in a continuous mode the thermal expansion of a sample during a programmed temperature scan. The sample may consist of liquids, suspensions, or bulk solids in a confining liquid and the typical temperature scanning rate is of the order of 1 K/min. The technique has a precision better than 1% and a detection limit of 10(-6) ml s(-1). In contrast to conventional dilatometers, this technique offers variable sensitivity and is not limited by the magnitude of the total volume change during the experiment. Various expansibility data obtained in the temperature range 10-55 degrees C are reported for several systems, namely water, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and aqueous solutions of sodium chloride. The volume changes for the thermal transition of Teflon and the phase separation of 2-butoxyethanol/water mixtures further illustrate the possibilities of this new technique.