Q:

Why is it called 'renewable energy'?

There's a lot of buzz these days about 'renewable energy', and with Germany's recent decision to close down their nuclear plants by 2012, activists are talking about moving to completely 'renewable energy'.  But, why is it called that?  What is actually being renewed?

A:

Renewable energy is energy made from a renewable resource.  A renewable resource is one which will (or can easily be made to) reappear given ordinary processes that will run pretty much unchanged for millions of years.
Thus, copper is not a renewable resource because we mine it from the ground and don't put it back where we got it; wood is a renewable resource because trees will just grow again (as long as we don't let all the topsoil wash off).
Hydroelectric power is renewable because rain keeps falling in catchment areas.  Nuclear power is not renewable because radioactive isotopes don't appear in the ground again.
It is entirely possible to exhaust a renewable resource: you can cut down all your trees, empty out your reservoir, etc..  What makes them renewable is not that they're inexhaustable, but that they'll be back.  (At least given some sensible precautions.)

