Q:

How can I get the current week using Python?

Using Python...
How can I get a list of the days in a specific week?
Something like...
{
'1' : ['01/03/2010','01/04/2010','01/05/2010','01/06/2010','01/07/2010','01/08/2010','01/09/2010'],  
'2' : ['01/10/2010','01/11/2010','01/12/2010','01/13/2010','01/14/2010','01/15/2010','01/16/2010'] 
}

The key of the dictionary in this example would be the week number.

A:

Beware! If you want to define YOUR OWN week numbers, you could use the generator expression provided in your first question which, by the way, got an awesome answer). If you want to follow the ISO convention for week numbers, you need to be careful:

the first calendar week of a year is
  that one which includes the first
  Thursday of that year and [...] the
  last calendar week of a calendar year
  is the week immediately preceding the
  first calendar week of the next
  calendar year.

So, for instance, January 1st and 2nd in 2010 were NOT week one of 2010, but week 53 of 2009.
Python offers a module for finding the week number using the ISO calendar:
Example code:
h[1] >>> import datetime
h[1] >>> Jan1st = datetime.date(2010,1,1)
h[1] >>> Year,WeekNum,DOW = Jan1st.isocalendar() # DOW = day of week
h[1] >>> print Year,WeekNum,DOW
2009 53 5

Notice, again, how January 1st 2010 corresponds to week 53 of 2009.
Using the generator provided in the previous answer:
from datetime import date, timedelta

def allsundays(year):
    """This code was provided in the previous answer! It's not mine!"""
    d = date(year, 1, 1)                    # January 1st                                                          
    d += timedelta(days = 6 - d.weekday())  # First Sunday                                                         
    while d.year == year:
        yield d
        d += timedelta(days = 7)

Dict = {}
for wn,d in enumerate(allsundays(2010)):
    # This is my only contribution!
    Dict[wn+1] = [(d + timedelta(days=k)).isoformat() for k in range(0,7) ]

print Dict

Dict contains the dictionary you request.

A:

How do you identify weeks?  Here I'm identifying by a day in that week, using a function which gets the Sunday in that week (what you used in your example), and then returns it plus the next 6 days.
import datetime

one_day = datetime.timedelta(days=1)

def get_week(date):
  """Return the full week (Sunday first) of the week containing the given date.

  'date' may be a datetime or date instance (the same type is returned).
  """
  day_idx = (date.weekday() + 1) % 7  # turn sunday into 0, monday into 1, etc.
  sunday = date - datetime.timedelta(days=day_idx)
  date = sunday
  for n in xrange(7):
    yield date
    date += one_day

print list(get_week(datetime.datetime.now().date()))
# [datetime.date(2010, 1, 3), datetime.date(2010, 1, 4),
#  datetime.date(2010, 1, 5), datetime.date(2010, 1, 6),
#  datetime.date(2010, 1, 7), datetime.date(2010, 1, 8),
#  datetime.date(2010, 1, 9)]
print [d.isoformat() for d in get_week(datetime.datetime.now().date())]
# ['2010-01-03', '2010-01-04', '2010-01-05', '2010-01-06', '2010-01-07',
#  '2010-01-08', '2010-01-09']

