Laiki Yitonia - A Brief History

The oldest documentation we have concerning Nicosia within the walls, dates
back to 1567, when the Venetians took over the island, and built the
fortification with the eleven bastions, that one can still see today. Nicosia
though, has a history dating long before that period, and has been the capital of
the island since 1192, when a French Royal family, the Lusignans, made it their
capital. We know, that they built an important number of monuments, such
as churches, monasteries, palaces etc. We also know, that Nicosia had 250
churches, and that the town was much larger than the one built by the Venetians,
who had destroyed a large number of original buildings to construct the fortifications.
Nicosia today, has nothing really left of the French period, except the churches,
and what one still sees is the structure of the town after the Venetians.

The town planning was a result of a way of living: narrow streets with houses
built next to each other.

The buildings we see today basically date from the end of the 18th and 19th
centuries, and they have all the characteristics of houses built within
fortifications. Their design is also proof that architecture has managed
to combine both worlds, the East and the West. Greek, French,
Venetian and Turkish details, all mix in a typical Cypriot expression. The basic
materials used for the buildings were wood, sandstone, and mudbrick. The combination
of all these different materials gives us today an example of fine architecture.

Until 1960, old Nicosia still retained all these characteristics, which
gave the city its architectural character. In the next 20 years,
Nicosia experienced a series of transformations both in the natural environment,
as well as in the social environment, due to the demanding pressure for the
development of the city.

The sudden change, found the city unprepared and unable to cope with
the new needs. As a result of this change, the sudden development caused
serious destruction to the historical character of the city.

The "green line" divided the walled city, and aggravated the situation, by
litteraly cutting in two the historical center, thus creating a problem to
the city itself, and to all those who had to abandon their homes, because
of the proximity of the green line. Gradually, the old town, - that once was full
of life and commercial activity, is abandonned, and
people look for solutions outside the fortifications. The old part of our
city, our historical center, was withering away, and problems within the walls just
increased every day - traffic, lack of green areas, difficult living conditions
and other problems. The Government of Cyprus, being aware of the problem the old
city faced every day, decided in 1977 to expropriate the area of Laiki Yitonia,
a small area not bigger than 1000 square meters. The main aim was to breathe new
life to the city within the walls, by creating a nucleus with a very strong
folkloric character, that would combine, commercial and cultural activities.

The basic scope of our government was to give a real example for the revival
of the old city that would guide the way to a development of Nicosia, that
would also safeguard in this way, its architectural character and its
tradition.