Causes of renal allograft loss in black vs. white transplant recipients in the cyclosporine era.
Black renal transplant recipients have a higher rate of allograft loss than white recipients. From 1 January 1984 to 1 January 1995, 463 transplants were performed at a single center and followed for a mean duration of 71 months. The causes of graft loss for white and black recipients, their age, gender, retransplantation rate, organ source, and HLA matching were compared. In the 150 black and 313 white recipients, graft loss rates in the first year were 20% in both groups, while after 1 yr there were 42 (28%) graft losses in blacks vs. 62 (20%) in whites (log-rank test p = 0.04). All diagnoses deemed causative of allograft loss were confirmed by biopsy. Chronic rejection resulting in graft loss occurred in 15% (n = 23) of black recipients compared to only 7% (n = 22) of white recipients (p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in the rate of death with a functioning kidney or other causes of graft loss between the two groups. A significant increase in HLA mismatches was noted in black recipients of cadaveric grafts compared to whites, but there was no difference between races in the rate of graft loss due to acute rejection. While the rate of graft survival remains lower in black recipients in the cyclosporine era, this is due entirely to late graft loss after 1-yr post-transplant due to chronic rejection.