When the Okanagan was first settled by Europeans and Americans, they planted European and American crops, although the hills were covered in food.

Peaches, Such as This Now-Dying Tree, Were Originally Planted as Part of the Healing Process and Economic Recovery that Followed the American Civil War

They were plants of peace. This particular tree was planted by a Japanese-Canadian farmer as part of the healing process following the internment camps of World War II. We need new plants for a new peace.

When I started this blog, I promised practical applications. There have been many. To start recapping them, here are some fruit crops that we could grow for new industries, water conservation, increased species diversity, removal of agricultural and population pressure from the hot, dry, pressurized valley bottom, reduction in chemical farming, less food waste, and a culture with hope and opportunity for young people.

The Hills are Covered with Food, Still

In European tradition, this is called “beauty”, suitable for “art”. In that tradition, agriculture is “industrial” instead. This division of art, nature and industry relegates native agriculture to a concept called “wilderness” and indigenous knowledge to a concept called “anthropology”, and of historical interest..

Based on a long-overdue integration of traditional and imported land use practices, a new agriculture will match new social and political landscapes.

A Rich Profusion of Berries and Small Fruits Grows Without Water on the Peshastin Pinnacles (Wenatchee River, Washington)

A high-input American pear orchard, requiring expensive water and chemicals, spreads on the flat land below. This is one of the few remaining natural gardens in the Plateau.

It’s time to produce crops that add to the environment, rather than take from it. Every one of the crops below will lead to increased environmental and social health.

1. Choke Cherry

A Syilx Crop

Chokecherries are suitable for preserves, high quality kirsch, honey production and a cherry cider industry. The fruits have all the tannins necessary for a completely new product, of the highest quality. The trees are completely adapted to the climate, use very little water, are drought tolerant, support many indigenous species, are easy to propagate and grow, are extremely productive, bear annually, are adaptable to mechanical harvesting, require minimal pruning and no pesticides, and reclaim overgrazed lands. They grow naturally in a wide variety of habitats, and are completely adaptable to low-cost areas unsuited for European crops and farming methods, including hillside gullies, “dry” hillsides with rock outcrops, slope and road margins, and areas with cooler climates, in side valleys far from the valley floor, leading to improved demographic dispersion, away from the depressurized landscapes of the valley bottoms.

2. Perry

Pear Cider (Perry) in the Raw

Current pear cider in the Okanagan uses Bartletts (Williams Bon Chrétien) pears, a sweet, aromatic dessert variety, excellent for fresh eating, bitter with canned or dried, and capable of making only bland cider like soda pop. Perry is made from bitter, astringent, sour-sweet, half-wild pears in the Cotswolds of England and is one of the world’s ancient drinks. Some of the best pear land in the world is in the Okanagan. Perry trees can produce perry, either sparkling or still, honey, vinegars, complex acids and sugars for juice additives to otherwise bland juices (such as commercial apple juices made from excess dessert apples.) They aid in the beautification of landscapes, require little or no pruning, thrive in marginal climates, and are available in hundreds of potential varieties, with the potential for crop improvement and specialization through breeding programs. As with choke cherries, there is little need for pesticides, as there are no appearance considerations, the fruit requires no thinning required, and can be mechanically harvested. They will thrive in the main valley and in side valleys with cool or short season climates, thrive in pasture plantings, where they provide shade for livestock, are able to source their own water from underground sources, thrive as hedgerows and along fence lines, and provide habitat for birds and deer (which can graze the lowest-hanging branches without harm to the trees).

3. Scrumpy

Ashton Brown Jersey

This is a perfectly balanced English cider apple which grows well in the Okanagan, despite our heat.

Reine de Pomme (Queen of the Apples)

There are a few Reines out there. The one I’ve seen in the Similkameen produced tiny crabapples in clusters like golden cherries. A wonderful source of citric acid, lemon flavours, and honey notes for scrumpies and other traditional ciders. The tree is not a heavy producer, but the fruit is so concentrated that only a few drops of juice per bottle will work its magic.

Scrumpy is a traditional English cider made from the roughest, wildest tasting apples scrounged, gleaned and grippled from hedgewrows. It and other traditional ciders are currently produced on Vancouver Island. They could easily be grown here, where more land is available, and could put the soda pop ciders currently on the market into their rightful soda pop niche. The trees thrive in the same conditions as perry pears. In addition to cider, they can produce vinegars, complex acids and sugars for juice additives, and honey.

4. Elderberries

A Syilx Crop (These are in Fintry)

Elderberries thrive in all regions of the valley, from Brewster, Washington, north to the Shuswap. There are two native varieties: scrubby bushes like the one above, and 25 foot tall trees capable of providing a second tier and sourcing deeper water. The berries can be used for preserves, juice, wine and vinegars. The bushes require little water, thrive on sandy or rocky ground slightly above stream beds, as well as in arroyos and below water-collecting cliffs and scree slopes. They are productive and precocious, cold and drought hardy, require little pruning, can be trained for mechanical harvesting, need no fertilization or chemical inputs, and provide bird and insect habitat. They thrive in the same areas as perry pears and scrumpy apples, as well as dryer areas on their margins. A related product with the same horticultural profile is:

5. Elderberry Flowers

Most are white. Mine just happen to be pink.

This plant is 6 years old and has over 400 flower clusters.

Elderberry blossoms can be dried in salt, and then stored for long or short periods to produce elderberry blossom juice and wine, through a process that removes the salt. They can be used to produce medicinals, as well as their crowning glory, sold fresh for elderberry blossom fritters (a high quality breakfast and dessert delicacy).

6. Quince

Sister of the Apple and the Pear

And once considered their queen. Most people know it now from the flowering varieties in their gardens.

Quince makes a delicate eau de vie, and a variety of preserves. In addition, the trees can be used as dwarfing rootstocks for pears. They have exquisite flowers. They thrive wherever pears and apples will grow.

7. Raspberries

Tulameen Raspberries

Tulameen raspberries were bred in the Okanagan (Summerland) for an Okanagan climate. They are named after a placer-platinum-bearing tributary of the Similkameen River. It is the preferred variety of raspberry growers throughout Europe. It is not grown here in any quantities. The berries can be used for honey production, fresh fruit, juice and sweet vinegar, sour vinegars, wine, glazes, cider, preserves, and the vines can be used to produce nursery stock for home plantings or export. These are vigorous, cold hardy, late bearing, heat resistant plants producing large, firm fruit suitable for machine harvesting and pruning. They grow in all climates, from dry to wet and lowland to upland.

8. Siberian C Peaches

The Mother of All Peaches

Gobi Desert, China.

Siberian C peaches produce the richest of all peach juices. The seeds are valuable as seed for nursery rootstocks or orchard planting. These are cold-hardy trees that have an extremely low tree cost because they are true to variety from seed. They are productive, require no thinning, are suitable for mechanical harvesting, and require little pruning. They are early-ripening with low to no pesticide requirements. They have enough genetic variability to allow for further selection and development. If grown in place from seed, they grow a strong water-sourcing taproot. They are suitable for many valley production and production in more northerly parts of the valley and in some side valleys.

9. Saskatoon

A Syilx Crop

Saskatoons can grow in almost all areas of the valley, from mountains to lowlands, deep soil to rocky slopes, but produce their best fruit in areas with ample spring water. They are extremely cold hardy, and can be used for pies (they taste like marzipan when cooked this way), preserves, wine, juices, pemmican, meat and sausage production. Wild and domesticated varieties are available.

10. Mulberry

Hardy to Zone 4

In eastern Asia, mulberries are used for silkworm production. It would be exciting to see such an industry here, but failing that mulberries produce delicious fruits on spreading, beautiful trees with light and cooling shade. They can do well in warm areas of the valley, especially where winter lake effects keep the cold air of the high country at bay.

Winter Crow in the Great Blue Heron Hatchery, Vernon

Fog creates a warm protective area out of water evaporating from the winter lake. Don’t look for a lot of winter sun here. It’s not good for the mulberries!

So, that’s ten new fruits. I’m going to keep at laying this out over the next few days. Just remember: the wine industry came from observations such as this.