a, b = map(int, input().split())

res = 0
i = 0
two = 2
while 1 << i <= b:
    mod_a, mod_b = a % two, b % two
    tmp_a, tmp_b = a - mod_a + two, b - mod_b

    cnt = ((tmp_b - tmp_a) // two) * (two // 2)
    cnt += min(two - mod_a, two // 2)
    cnt += max(mod_b - two // 2 + 1, 0)
    
    if cnt % 2 == 1:
        res += two // 2
    
    two *= 2
    i += 1

print(res) a, b = map(int, input().split()) a map(int, input().split()) map int input().split() ().split () input split b res = 0 res 0 i = 0 i 0 two = 2 two 2 while 1 << i <= b:
    mod_a, mod_b = a % two, b % two
    tmp_a, tmp_b = a - mod_a + two, b - mod_b

    cnt = ((tmp_b - tmp_a) // two) * (two // 2)
    cnt += min(two - mod_a, two // 2)
    cnt += max(mod_b - two // 2 + 1, 0)
    
    if cnt % 2 == 1:
        res += two // 2
    
    two *= 2
    i += 1 1 << i <= b 1 << i 1 i b mod_a, mod_b = a % two, b % two mod_a a % two a two mod_b b % two b two tmp_a, tmp_b = a - mod_a + two, b - mod_b tmp_a a - mod_a + two a - mod_a a mod_a two tmp_b b - mod_b b mod_b cnt = ((tmp_b - tmp_a) // two) * (two // 2) cnt ((tmp_b - tmp_a) // two) * (two // 2) (tmp_b - tmp_a) // two tmp_b - tmp_a tmp_b tmp_a two two // 2 two 2 cnt += min(two - mod_a, two // 2) cnt min(two - mod_a, two // 2) min two - mod_a two mod_a two // 2 two 2 cnt += max(mod_b - two // 2 + 1, 0) cnt max(mod_b - two // 2 + 1, 0) max mod_b - two // 2 + 1 mod_b - two // 2 mod_b two // 2 two 2 1 0 if cnt % 2 == 1:
        res += two // 2
    
     cnt % 2 == 1 cnt % 2 cnt 2 1 res += two // 2 res two // 2 two 2 two *= 2 two 2 i += 1 i 1 print(res) print res mod_a, mod_b = a % two, b % two a % two mod_a cnt = ((tmp_b - tmp_a) // two) * (two // 2) ((tmp_b - tmp_a) // two) * (two // 2) cnt two *= 2 2 two i = 0 0 i i += 1 1 i tmp_b = a - mod_a + two, b - mod_b b - mod_b tmp_b res += two // 2 two // 2 res cnt += max(mod_b - two // 2 + 1, 0) max(mod_b - two // 2 + 1, 0) cnt tmp_a, tmp_b = a - mod_a + two, b - mod_b a - mod_a + two tmp_a mod_b = a % two, b % two b % two mod_b a, b = map(int, input().split()) map(int, input().split()) a cnt += min(two - mod_a, two // 2) min(two - mod_a, two // 2) cnt res = 0 0 res two = 2 2 two b = map(int, input().split()) map(int, input().split()) b
a, b = map(int, input().split())

res = 0
i = 0
two = 2
while 1 << i <= b:
    mod_a, mod_b = a % two, b % two
    tmp_a, tmp_b = a - mod_a + two, b - mod_b

    cnt = ((tmp_b - tmp_a) // two) * (two // 2)
    cnt += min(two - mod_a, two // 2)
    cnt += max(mod_b - two // 2 + 1, 0)
    
    if cnt % 2 == 1:
        res += two // 2
    
    two *= 2
    i += 1

print(res)