Case 1: A 38-year-old male (weight 75 kg, ASA status III) was scheduled for right total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to severe bilateral rigid and sore hip joints. He had a history of ankylosing spondylitis for more than 18 years. Despite a long term usage of sulfasalazine and “painkiller”, the patient developed a rigid kyphotic and scoliotic deformity. An overall physical examination revealed rheumatoid arthritis involved most articles in the body resulting in limited movement and swelling of interphalangeal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, elbow joints, shoulder joints, and ankle joints, with rigid bilateral hip and knee joints preventing any walk. The airway assessment revealed a Mallampati class III, interincisor distance of 3 cm, and rigid neck incapable of any movement. X-ray of his cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and pelvis revealed a loss of physiological curvature of the vertebral column, kyphosis, hyperplasia at the edge of the vertebrae, “bamboo” like bony bridge, blurred facet joints, and calcification of ligament, a fusion of both sacroiliac joints, rough articular face and narrowed articular cavity and hyperplasia of both hip joints (Fig. ). After administration, he received immunosuppressive therapy, with prednisone 20 mg per day, and methotrexate 10 mg once per week, and anti-TNF therapy with etanercept (TNF receptor fusion protein) 25 mg i.h. twice per week, and anticoagulation therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin 4000 U per day.
A 42-year-old male (45 kg; 155 cm) with right Pancoast tumor severe pain (7/10 on NRS) from 5 months in dermatome distribution from C5 to T3, incompletely relieved on medical treatment. Right ESP block was given at T2 level in the sitting position. Following administration of 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine and 40 mg triamcinolone, pain was relieved in few minutes (1/10 on NRS) with sensory blockade from C3 to T5 on the right side. NRS score was noted for 24 h []. The patient was discharged with oral medications tapered. The patient was still pain-free without consumption of any other oral analgesics at the follow-up after 2 months.