This was a 40-year-old non-smoker female, married with two children. She was hospitalized in 2005 in another public hospital in which thoracic CT-scan was performed with diagnosis of KS. She attended our outpatient clinic in 2008, for a routine control visit prompted by his General Practitioner. Patient’s clinical history was characterized by recurrent cold, bronchitis and rhinorrhea since her childhood. At the time of the first visit, the vital parameters were within normal limits and thoracic auscultation yielded a normal finding without wheezing and/or crackles. Spirometric exam was within normal range. No therapy was necessary. In 2008 the nasal brushing was performed, with 100% of the cilia lacking inner dynein arms (Figure ). She suffered only few exacerbations (less than 1/yrs) without need of hospitalization. In the follow up visits respiratory function was stable and no bronchodilator therapy has been prescribed so far.
This was a 21-year-old non-smoker male, born by non-consanguineous parents. He presented to our outpatient clinic in December 2007, presenting personal CT-scan prescribed by his General Practitioner. Patient clinical history was characterized by recurrent cold, bronchitis and rhinorrhea since his childhood. At the time of the first visit, the vital parameters were within normal limits and thoracic auscultation was physiologic without wheezing and/or crackles. Electrocardiogram showed evidence of dextrocardia. Spirometric results were within normal range. No therapy was necessary. In 2008 the nasal brushing was performed, with demonstration of 50% normal ciliated cells. In the remaining 50% ciliated cells axonemes lacking both dynein arms were observed (Figure ). The patient missed the follow up visits.