This was a 40-year-old non-smoker female, married with two children. She was hospitalized in 2005 in another public hospital in which thoracic CT-scan was performed with diagnosis of KS. She attended our outpatient clinic in 2008, for a routine control visit prompted by his General Practitioner. Patient’s clinical history was characterized by recurrent cold, bronchitis and rhinorrhea since her childhood. At the time of the first visit, the vital parameters were within normal limits and thoracic auscultation yielded a normal finding without wheezing and/or crackles. Spirometric exam was within normal range. No therapy was necessary. In 2008 the nasal brushing was performed, with 100% of the cilia lacking inner dynein arms (Figure ). She suffered only few exacerbations (less than 1/yrs) without need of hospitalization. In the follow up visits respiratory function was stable and no bronchodilator therapy has been prescribed so far.
This was a 39-year-old smoker female, born by non-consanguineous parents. Married with two children. She was hospitalized in August 2006 for acute exacerbation of bronchitis with cough and mucopurulent expectoration, and hyperthermia. She reported recurrent episodes of common cold, with productive cough and rhinorrhea since the childhood. Chest CT scan was done on August 31, 2006, and revealed dextrocardia, and bronchiectasis with prevalent diffusion in the right lung. On auscultation, right basal crackles were audible. Electrocardiogram showed evidence of dextrocardia. Spirometric evaluation showed moderate obstruction. Therapy with the DPI fixed combination formoterol/budesonide was established. In the follow up visits the patients showed a stabilization of functional respiratory pattern. In 2007 the nasal brushing was performed, with demonstration of 100% cilia lacking outer dynein arm (Figure ). She missed the following up visits.