A 25-year-old primigravida with a history of pre-eclampsia was brought to the emergency department with sudden onset of severe headache. The headache started two days after delivery. It was followed by confusion and loss of consciousness over a few hours. On initial evaluation, the patient was confused with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 12/15, blood pressure of 130/90 mmHg, pulse rate of 82 beats/min, respiratory rate of 30/min, temperature 98°C, and oxygen saturation of 97 mmHg at room temperature. On physical examination, bilateral equivocal planters were noted with no other significant findings, and bilateral papillary edema on fundoscopy was seen. The rest of the review system was unremarkable. She underwent an urgent MRI with magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of the brain, which showed right transverse sinus thrombosis with an element of SAH (Figure ).\nCoagulation profile, including thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), antithrombin III, fibrinogen, proteins C and S, antiphospholipid antibody titers, and homocysteine levels, were normal. She was started on a half dosage of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (60 mg subcutaneously once a day) with regular monitoring of her blood pressure and GCS. Her GCS started improving; therefore, she was continued on a half dose of LMWH for 10 days, and brain MRI was repeated after 10 days, which showed the gradual resolution of SAH (Figure ). The quantity of LMWH was doubled, and warfarin was started after a full dose of LMWH. After improving her GCS and achievement of international normalized ratio (INR) of two to three, she was discharged with the advice of regular INR monitoring and follow-up to the outpatient department. On follow-up at six weeks, MRI with MRV was repeated, which showed thrombosis had resolved, although a mild filling defect was noted. She was kept on anticoagulants for one year, and on further follow-up at six months, she was doing well.
A 66-year-old male with a recent syncope-related fall and closed head injury presented with progressively worsening gait instability, dizziness, and headaches. The fall occurred 1 week before presentation. On examination, no focal neurologic deficits were found. Noncontrast head CT demonstrated a 7 mm right convexity mixed density subdural hematoma [ and ]. Given his significant headaches and progressive functional decline, MMA embolization was performed as primary treatment. Intraprocedural digital subtraction angiogram revealed a right parietal Cognard Grade I DAVF [ and ]. Given the absence of cortical venous reflux and benign natural history of the fistula, the remainder of the procedure did not deviate from routine MMA embolization. The right temporal and right frontoparietal branches of the MMA were embolized with n-BCA glue with indirect penetration of liquid embolic into the fistulous point. Following embolization, there was no further opacification of the fistula. The patient experienced no procedure-related complication and was discharged the subsequent day. At 1-month follow-up, there was complete resolution of his presenting symptoms and surveillance CT demonstrated no residual SDH.