A 64-year-old unconscious male patient with cardiac arrest. The time between EMS notification and arrival of the fire service was eight minutes. An MCCD and a facemask together with a resuscitator were attached, and CPR was commenced.\nFigure 2 illustrates fifteen minutes of continuous CPR. Interruptions in the recording reflect interruptions in CPR during heart rhythm analysis and endotracheal intubation. The oxygen saturation ranged between 80–97%; however recordings included accidental removal of the pulse oximeter finger clip, poor circulatory status, hypothermia and vasoconstrictive medications. The etCO2 remained between 20 and 30 mmHg, which suggests sufficient CPR. EtCO2 increased after each interruption in CPR, as the CO2 accumulates due to decreased exhalation and lack of blood circulation. Defibrillation was not indicated, and upon arrival of the physician-staffed ambulance service, the patient was intubated and epinephrine administered. After 27 minutes, CPR was discontinued and the patient was declared deceased.
A 55-year-old intoxicated male patient collapsed outside. The paramedic ambulance was first on scene, and initial resuscitation was commenced. Initially, the patient was ventilated manually via a facemask and bag. Upon arrival of the fire service, LUCAS 2® and Oxylator® HD were attached (Figure 4 ).\nIn this case the patient was ventilated manually for the first three minutes with a respiratory frequency of 16–19 breaths per minute. Initially, etCO2 was 20 mmHg decreasing to 15 mmHg in the first three minutes. Oxygen saturation was between 60% and 80%. After three minutes the respiratory rate increased to 100 breaths per minute by activating the automatic mode of the Oxylator® HD. Later on, the respiratory rate decreased to 30 breaths/minute, due to a leak or airway obstruction. The end-tidal CO2 increased when in automatic mode to 15–30 mmHg. The oxygen saturation was recorded for a short period of time and was 79%. The patient was defibrillated twice, and epinephrine was administered. After 30 minutes of CPR, the patient was declared deceased by the emergency physician.