BH: A 65-year-old male presented with a 40 mm × 25 mm LN extending to the supraclavicular region in the right cervical chain in the neck. The right lung had a 3 cm area with a “ground-glass” appearance. Moreover, a cystic nodule 25 mm × 15 mm in size was present in the right thyroid. Clinical preliminary diagnosis was malignant; the primary focus was investigated (thyroid/lung?). US-FNA was applied to the LN and right thyroid nodule. The FNA of the thyroid nodule displayed findings compatible with “cystic degenerated adenomatous nodule.” LN cytologic findings: individually, scattered and sporadic groups of malignant cells were observed. The large cytoplasm cells had vacuoles and large, dark nuclei with sporadic pleomorphism []. Cytologic diagnosis: Adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis was interpreted as consistent with the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma supported by the clinical/imaging picture. Follow-up: Diagnosis was confirmed by the histoimmunopathologic examination of the LN core biopsy.
BH: A 6-year-old male had an LN 30 mm in diameter in the right submandibular region and multiple LNs, the largest of which measured 25 mm and 15 mm, in the right cervicojugular region. US findings: Compatible with abscess/necrotic appearance. A US-FNA was performed on the largest LN (3 cm in size) in the right submandibular region. The procedure could not be repeated on the other LNs, as the pediatric patient could not be controlled.\nCytologic findings: Epithelioid histiocytes, epithelioid histiocytic granulomas, and Langhans-type giant cells were observed adjacent to a cell population with a high number of large atypical lymphoid cells []. Cytologic diagnosis: atypical lymphoid proliferation comprising granulomatous structures. Comment: granulomatous structures may be components of granulomatous inflammation (e.g., tuberculosis, sarcoid) or may develop secondarily to a lymphoproliferative lesion or carcinoma metastasis. Histopathology: Burkitt lymphoma with secondary granulomatous inflammatory foci (no information could be obtained regarding the cause of granulomatous inflammation proposed in histopathological diagnosis).\nTHM: (1) In the absence of typical cytological components of granulomatous inflammation, individually or sporadically represented epithelioid histiocytes and granuloma-like structures are not sufficient for the diagnosis of “granulomatous inflammation.” (2) In such cases, it would be more appropriate to write “granulomatous reaction” and add a remark in a similar context like our above-mentioned comment. (3) Granulomatous reactions and granulomas are not usually expected to accompany non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; they mostly accompany Hodgkin's lymphoma.[]