Routine undergraduate dissection for medical students in our department revealed a unilateral non-rotated kidney on the left side in a 97-year-old male cadaver. The body was donated to our department for teaching and research purposes. The cause of death was cardiopulmonary arrest.\nThe right kidney was found to be normal in its location, shape, size, and ureter formation. Varied vasculature was observed in the form of branches of the renal artery and formation of the renal vein. The left kidney was found to be at a lower position than usual, at the level of the second, third, and fourth lumbar vertebrae. The inferior pole was at the level of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc. The kidney was broader near its middle third and inferior pole. The cratered hilum of the left kidney, instead of being at its medial border, occupied a large part of the anterior surface and was situated nearer to the lateral than the medial border. The renal vein and ureter were the two structures traversing through the hilum, but the renal artery was entering the renal parenchyma through the medial border.\nThe structures emerging from the hilum of the kidney mainly comprised the renal vein and the tubular ureter. The renal vein had two major tributaries, superior and inferior. The inferior tributary was formed by joining two tributaries emerging from the inferior region of the renal parenchyma and proceeded obliquely upward and medially to join with the superior renal vein. The left gonadal vein drained into this inferior tributary. The main trunk of the renal vein traversed its usual course between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery to drain into the inferior vena cava. There was no well-defined renal pelvis; instead the tubular ureter had four divisions entering into the renal parenchyma at the hilum of the kidney (labeled a, b, c, and d in ). The course of the ureter was then downward and medial to the urinary bladder.\nThe abdominal aorta was tortuous all along its course in the abdomen. The Main Renal Artery (MRA) is described as a single vessel, at a more or less constant position opposite the renal hilus, from the abdominal aorta, and which continues undivided (except for several small branches- the inferior suprarenal, the perirenal and the ureteral arteries) in its straight course to the renal hilus. The MRA was thin and originated from the abdominal aorta at a level just inferior to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery, entering the kidney through its medial border after giving off 3 branches (represented by red asterisks in and ) to the left suprarenal gland. The accessory renal artery (AcRA) arose from the aorta just lateral and inferior to the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery, entering the renal parenchyma through the medial border of the kidney. The AcRA divided into two segmental arteries before piercing the lower part of the medial border of the kidney ().\nThe case was observed in a body donated to our department for educational and research purposes. Body is accepted only after taking consent of the deceased/next of kin which is in accordance to Anatomy act of India.
A 42-year-old male cadaver, with history of prolonged hypertension and death due to cardiac arrest, was dissected routinely. No gross variation was seen in the cadaver. After opening the abdomen a left pelvic kidney was found at the pelvic brim with its medial end in front of sacral promontory close to the bifurcation of the right common iliac artery. First its location, position, and dimensions were analysed and compared to the right kidney. The right kidney appeared normal in position. The dimensions of the left kidney were 13.5 × 6.5 × 2.5 cm, larger than the right kidney whose dimensions were 12 × 5 × 2 cm. The left ectopic kidney was lobulated. Location: the upper pole of left kidney was located at the level of sacral promontory resting over psoas major muscle and inferior pole was present at the S3-S4 intervertebral space. The hilum was anteriorly placed, open with contents exposed to the surface as seen in . The inferior mesenteric artery was arching over the hilum. Three major calyces receiving two minor calyces were visible externally. Superior major calyx was seen reaching the upper pole while middle and inferior major calyces were seen close to the hilum all converging to form pelvis of ureter. Normal hilar relation was disturbed. At the hilum the renal pelvis was present anterior to the inferior left renal vein. The left ureter was tortuous and just 12 cm in length. Both suprarenal glands were present at the level of 12th thoracic vertebra. Blood supply: the left kidney was vascularised by three branches. The first branch arose from the bifurcation of aorta at the level of L4 vertebra; it was 4.5 cm long and descended obliquely to superior pole of kidney. The second branch was 2.5 cm and arose from the right common iliac artery at a slightly lower level (L4-L5) and was seen passing to superior pole. The third branch was 4.3 cm long arising at S5 level from left inferior vesical artery. The ectopic kidney was drained by two renal veins which drained into the right common iliac vein. The superior left renal vein accompanied the second renal artery while the inferior left renal vein emerged through the hilum.\nThe left suprarenal gland was supplied by left inferior phrenic artery and from direct branches from aorta. The left gonadal vein drained directly into the inferior vena cava rather than draining into the left renal vein. Left suprarenal vein drained into IVC.\nThe right kidney was at the normal position. However the hilum was present anteriorly and a bifid renal pelvis could be seen which was also malrotated. Its vascularisation was by a single renal artery originating from aorta. A single renal vein was seen draining into the inferior vena cava. No gross variation was seen in the cadaver.