human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) on remodeling of autologous bone grafts used for augmentation of the floor of the maxillary sinus . In five edentulous patients suffering from insufficient retention of their upper denture related to a severely resorbed maxilla , the floor of both maxillary sinus was augmented with an autologous bone graft from the iliac crest . R and omly , PRP was added to the bone graft used to augment the floor of the left or right sinus ( split-mouth design ) . Three months after the reconstruction , bone biopsies were taken with a trephine from the planned implant sites ( N=30 ) . Subsequently , three implants were placed in the left and right posterior maxilla . Microradiograms were made of all biopsies ( N=30 ) , whereafter the biopsies were processed for light microscopic examination . In addition , clinical parameters were scored . Wound healing was uneventful , clinical ly no difference was observed between the side treated with PRP or not . Also microradiographical and histomorphological examination of the biopsies revealed no statistical difference between the PRP- and non-PRP side . One implant placed in the PRP side of the graft was lost during the healing phase . Implant-retained overdentures were fabricated 6 months after implantation . All patients functioned well ( follow-up 20.2+/-4.3 months ) . In this study , no beneficial effect of PRP on wound healing and bone remodeling was observed . It is posed that PRP has no additional value in promoting healing of grafted non-critical size defects AIM This study compared the effects of Escherichia-coli-produced recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( ErhBMP-2 ) with a biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) carrier to those of deproteinized bovine bone in human maxillary sinus floor augmentation . MATERIAL AND METHODS Screening for this clinical trial selected 56 sites that provided informed consent to participate , of which 46 were ultimately enrolled and 41 were finally included in the study . The sites were divided into two groups using a r and om-number table , and the material was applied . A trephine biopsy was performed after 24 weeks , and implants wider than the biopsy site were inserted . Computed tomography and plain panoramic images were obtained immediately and then again at 24 weeks after the surgery . Radiographic images were reconstructed to allow measurement of the linear and volumetric changes . The biopsy sample s were processed for histologic and histometric analyzes . RESULTS All sites healed uneventfully with no complications . Radiographic analysis revealed a tendency for the volume to increase , but the difference was not statistically significant in either group . Comparison of volumetric changes between the two groups also revealed no significant difference . Moreover , none of the histometric parameters differed significantly between the groups , although different healing patterns were observed on histologic analysis . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATION S It can be concluded that sinus augmentation with ErhBMP-2 carrying BCP carrier did not enhance bone regeneration compared to the conventional treatment using deproteinized bovine bone at 24 weeks after the surgery Purpose : The present , r and omized , controlled clinical trial compared the histologic and histomorphometric results from maxillary sinus augmentation with either biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) ( 60 % hydroxyapatite and 40 % & bgr;-tricalcium phosphate ) or autogenous bone ( AB ) as bone-grafting material s. Material and Methods : Ten patients received bilateral sinus elevation surgery with intraoral AB chips ( control group ) on one side and BCP ( test group ) on the contralateral side . After a healing period of 6 to 8 months , implant sites were created and trephine cores were harvested for histological and histomorphometric analysis of the grafted areas . Results : The histological examination of biopsies showed BCP particles interconnected by bridges of a vital newly formed bone . Histomorphometry demonstrated that the amount of newly formed bone in the control group ( 36.8 % ) was significantly greater than that in the BCP ( 28.2 % ) group ( P = 0.0032 ) . BCP and AB cores revealed an average of residual graft particles of 32.9 % and 4.8 % , respectively . The average percentage of soft tissue components was 38.9 % in the BCP cores and 58.4 % in the AB cores . Conclusions : Based on our findings , the amount of vital bone formation was significantly higher for AB than that for BCP . However , BCP seemed to be a biocompatible and osteoconductive material that can be used with success as a bone substitute in maxillary sinus procedures BACKGROUND Few studies have been conducted to assess new bone formation using Biogran , a bioactive glass , in maxillary sinus bone augmentation through a prospect i ve and r and omized evaluation . Moreover , there are no studies that evaluate cellular behavior by immunohistochemical assessment for osteoblastic and vascular activity during bone repair . PURPOSE The aim of this study is to compare new bone formation and cellular behavior with Biogran alone , a 1:1 combination of Biogran and autogenous bone graft , and autogenous bone graft alone in human maxillary sinuses . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Ten maxillary sinuses were grafted with Biogran ( Group 1 ) ,  10 grafted with Biogran added to autogenous bone graft in a 1:1 ratio ( Group 2 ) , and 10 grafted with autogenous bone graft alone ( Group 3 ) . After 6 months of bone healing , sample s were obtained concurrent to the dental implants ' placement to be evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical assessment for RUNX2 and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . RESULTS The amount of new bone formation in Group 1 was 42.0 ± 7.3 % in the pristine bone region , 40.7 ± 14.0 % in the intermediate region , and 45.6 ± 13.5 % in apical region . In Group 2 , for pristine bone , intermediate , and apical regions , new bone formation was 36.6 ± 12.9 % , 33.2 ± 13.3 % , and 45.8 ± 13.9 % , respectively . Group 3 showed new bone formation of 37.3 ± 11.6 % , 35.3 ± 14.7 % , and 39.9 ± 15.8 % in pristine bone , intermediate , and apical regions , respectively . The immunolabeling for RUNX2 showed low cellular activity in osteoblasts for all groups , and the VEGF assessment demonstrated moderate cellular activity in Groups 1 and 2 ; however , Group 3 presented with low activity in the pristine bone region , followed by moderate activity in the intermediate and apical region . CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Biogran and its combination with autogenous bone graft 1:1 are good bone substitutes due to their similarity to autogenous bone graft OBJECTIVES Aim of the pilot trial was to evaluate applicability and effects of directly autotransplanted tibial bone marrow ( BM ) aspirates on the incorporation of porous bovine bone mineral in a sinus lift model and on the osseointegration of dental implants . MATERIAL AND METHODS Six edentulous patients with bilaterally severely resorbed maxillae requiring sinus augmentation and implant treatment were included . During surgery , tibial BM was harvested and added to bone substitute material ( Bio-Oss ( ® ) ) at the r and omly selected test site . At control sites , augmentation was performed with Bio-Oss ( ® ) alone . The cellular content of each BM aspirate was checked for multipotency and surface antigen expression as quality control . Histomorphometric analysis of biopsies from the augmented sites after 3 and 6 months ( during implantation ) was used to evaluate effects on bone regeneration . Osseointegration of implants was evaluated with Periotest ( ® ) and radiographic means . RESULTS Multipotent cellular content in tibial BM aspirates was comparable to that in punctures from the iliac crest . No significant difference in amount of new bone formation and the integration of bone substitute particles was detected histomorphometrically . Periotest ( ® ) values and radiographs showed successful osseointegration of inserted implants at all sites . CONCLUSION Directly autotransplanted tibial BM aspirates did not show beneficial regenerative effects in the small study population ( N = 6 ) of the present pilot trial . However , the proximal tibia proved to be a potential donor site for small quantities of BM . Future trials should clarify whether concentration of tibial BM aspirates could effect higher regenerative potency This blinded , r and omized , controlled pilot investigation is the first to histomorphometrically compare vital bone formation following bilateral sinus grafting with a biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) ( Straumann Bone Ceramic ) to an anorganic bovine bone matrix ( ABBM ) ( Bio-Oss ) 6 to 8 months following graft placement . Twelve patients were selected . Following elevation of the lateral sinus walls , one material was placed in the right sinus and the other material was placed in the left sinus , as determined by r and omization . Six to 8 months after grafting ( with the same time frame used for each patient ) , a trephine core was taken from the grafted area and sent for histomorphometric analysis . Cores were obtained from 21 healed sinuses in 12 patients . Nine patients provided bilateral cores . Histomorphometric analysis of 10 BCP cores and 11 ABBM cores revealed an average vital bone content of 28.35 % and 22.27 % , respectively . The average percentage of residual graft particles was 28.4 % in the BCP cores and 26.0 % in the ABBM cores . The difference in vital bone formation was not significantly different ( n = 9 patients , paired t test ) between bilateral sinuses treated with the BCP and those treated with the ABBM . Histologically , both material s appeared to be osteoconductive and support new bone formation . Future studies are needed to confirm the ability of this regenerated bone to support dental implant maintenance over time Purpose . To investigate the regenerative results obtained with the association of bone marrow aspirate concentrate using the Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate ( BMAC ) method to a xenogeneic bone graft ( Bio-Oss ) in sinus floor elevation . Material s and Methods . Using a r and omized controlled study design in eight consecutive patients ( age of 55.4 ± 9.2 years ) , 16 sinus floor lift procedures were performed with Bio-Oss alone ( control group , CG , n = 8) or combined with bone marrow aspirate concentrate obtained via the BMAC method ( test group , TG , n = 8) . Six months after the grafting procedures , bone biopsies were harvested during implant placement and were analyzed by histomorphometry . Results . Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly higher amount ( p < 0.05 ) of vital mineralized tissue in TG when compared to the CG ( 55.15 ± 20.91 % and 27.30 ± 5.55 % , resp . ) . For nonvital mineralized tissue , TG presented a statistically higher level of Bio-Oss resorption ( p < 0.05 ) when compared with the CG ( 6.32 ± 12.03 % and 22.79 ± 9.60 % , resp . ) . Both groups ( TG and CG ) showed no significantly different levels ( p > 0.05 ) of nonmineralized tissue ( 38.53 ± 13.08 % and 49.90 ± 7.64 % , resp . ) . Conclusion . The use of bone marrow concentrate obtained by BMAC method increased bone formation in sinus lift procedures AIM To assess whether differences occur in bone formation after maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery with bovine bone mineral ( BioOss ( ® ) ) mixed with autogenous bone or autogenous stem cells . The primary endpoint was the percentage of new bone three months after the elevation procedure . MATERIAL AND METHODS In a r and omized , controlled split-mouth design , in 12 consecutive patients ( age 60.8 ± 5.9 years , range 48 - 69 years ) needing reconstruction of their atrophic maxilla , a bilateral sinus floor augmentation procedure was performed . R and omly , on one side the augmentation procedure was performed with bovine bone mineral ( BioOss ( ® ) ) seeded with mononuclear stem cells harvested from the posterior iliac crest ( test group ) while BioOss ( ® ) mixed with autogenous bone ( harvested from the retromolar area ) was applied on the contra-lateral side ( control group ) . On 14.8 ± 0.7 weeks after the sinus floor elevation , biopsies from the reconstructed areas were taken at the spots where subsequently the endosseous implants were placed . The biopsies were histomorphometrically analyzed . RESULTS Significantly more bone formation was observed in the test group ( 17.7 ± 7.3 % ) when compared with the control group ( 12.0%± 6.6 ; P=0.026 ) . In both the test and control group , all implants could be placed with primary stability . In one patient , not all biopsies contained BioOss ( ® ) . This patient was excluded from analysis . CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cells seeded on BioOss ( ® ) particles can induce the formation of a sufficient volume of new bone 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) on remodeling of autologous bone grafts used for augmentation of the floor of the maxillary sinus . In five edentulous patients suffering from insufficient retention of their upper denture related to a severely resorbed maxilla , the floor of both maxillary sinus was augmented with an autologous bone graft from the iliac crest . R and omly , PRP was added to the bone graft used to augment the floor of the left or right sinus ( split-mouth design ) . Three months after the reconstruction , bone biopsies were taken with a trephine from the planned implant sites ( N=30 ) . Subsequently , three implants were placed in the left and right posterior maxilla . Microradiograms were made of all biopsies ( N=30 ) , whereafter the biopsies were processed for light microscopic examination . In addition , clinical parameters were scored . Wound healing was uneventful , clinical ly no difference was observed between the side treated with PRP or not . Also microradiographical and histomorphological examination of the biopsies revealed no statistical difference between the PRP- and non-PRP side . One implant placed in the PRP side of the graft was lost during the healing phase . Implant-retained overdentures were fabricated 6 months after implantation . All patients functioned well ( follow-up 20.2+/-4.3 months ) . In this study , no beneficial effect of PRP on wound healing and bone remodeling was observed . It is posed that PRP has no additional value in promoting healing of grafted non-critical size defects AIM This study compared the effects of Escherichia-coli-produced recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( ErhBMP-2 ) with a biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) carrier to those of deproteinized bovine bone in human maxillary sinus floor augmentation . MATERIAL AND METHODS Screening for this clinical trial selected 56 sites that provided informed consent to participate , of which 46 were ultimately enrolled and 41 were finally included in the study . The sites were divided into two groups using a r and om-number table , and the material was applied . A trephine biopsy was performed after 24 weeks , and implants wider than the biopsy site were inserted . Computed tomography and plain panoramic images were obtained immediately and then again at 24 weeks after the surgery . Radiographic images were reconstructed to allow measurement of the linear and volumetric changes . The biopsy sample s were processed for histologic and histometric analyzes . RESULTS All sites healed uneventfully with no complications . Radiographic analysis revealed a tendency for the volume to increase , but the difference was not statistically significant in either group . Comparison of volumetric changes between the two groups also revealed no significant difference . Moreover , none of the histometric parameters differed significantly between the groups , although different healing patterns were observed on histologic analysis . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATION S It can be concluded that sinus augmentation with ErhBMP-2 carrying BCP carrier did not enhance bone regeneration compared to the conventional treatment using deproteinized bovine bone at 24 weeks after the surgery Purpose : The present , r and omized , controlled clinical trial compared the histologic and histomorphometric results from maxillary sinus augmentation with either biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) ( 60 % hydroxyapatite and 40 % & bgr;-tricalcium phosphate ) or autogenous bone ( AB ) as bone-grafting material s. Material and Methods : Ten patients received bilateral sinus elevation surgery with intraoral AB chips ( control group ) on one side and BCP ( test group ) on the contralateral side . After a healing period of 6 to 8 months , implant sites were created and trephine cores were harvested for histological and histomorphometric analysis of the grafted areas . Results : The histological examination of biopsies showed BCP particles interconnected by bridges of a vital newly formed bone . Histomorphometry demonstrated that the amount of newly formed bone in the control group ( 36.8 % ) was significantly greater than that in the BCP ( 28.2 % ) group ( P = 0.0032 ) . BCP and AB cores revealed an average of residual graft particles of 32.9 % and 4.8 % , respectively . The average percentage of soft tissue components was 38.9 % in the BCP cores and 58.4 % in the AB cores . Conclusions : Based on our findings , the amount of vital bone formation was significantly higher for AB than that for BCP . However , BCP seemed to be a biocompatible and osteoconductive material that can be used with success as a bone substitute in maxillary sinus procedures BACKGROUND Few studies have been conducted to assess new bone formation using Biogran , a bioactive glass , in maxillary sinus bone augmentation through a prospect i ve and r and omized evaluation . Moreover , there are no studies that evaluate cellular behavior by immunohistochemical assessment for osteoblastic and vascular activity during bone repair . PURPOSE The aim of this study is to compare new bone formation and cellular behavior with Biogran alone , a 1:1 combination of Biogran and autogenous bone graft , and autogenous bone graft alone in human maxillary sinuses . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Ten maxillary sinuses were grafted with Biogran ( Group 1 ) ,  10 grafted with Biogran added to autogenous bone graft in a 1:1 ratio ( Group 2 ) , and 10 grafted with autogenous bone graft alone ( Group 3 ) . After 6 months of bone healing , sample s were obtained concurrent to the dental implants ' placement to be evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical assessment for RUNX2 and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . RESULTS The amount of new bone formation in Group 1 was 42.0 ± 7.3 % in the pristine bone region , 40.7 ± 14.0 % in the intermediate region , and 45.6 ± 13.5 % in apical region . In Group 2 , for pristine bone , intermediate , and apical regions , new bone formation was 36.6 ± 12.9 % , 33.2 ± 13.3 % , and 45.8 ± 13.9 % , respectively . Group 3 showed new bone formation of 37.3 ± 11.6 % , 35.3 ± 14.7 % , and 39.9 ± 15.8 % in pristine bone , intermediate , and apical regions , respectively . The immunolabeling for RUNX2 showed low cellular activity in osteoblasts for all groups , and the VEGF assessment demonstrated moderate cellular activity in Groups 1 and 2 ; however , Group 3 presented with low activity in the pristine bone region , followed by moderate activity in the intermediate and apical region . CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Biogran and its combination with autogenous bone graft 1:1 are good bone substitutes due to their similarity to autogenous bone graft OBJECTIVES Aim of the pilot trial was to evaluate applicability and effects of directly autotransplanted tibial bone marrow ( BM ) aspirates on the incorporation of porous bovine bone mineral in a sinus lift model and on the osseointegration of dental implants . MATERIAL AND METHODS Six edentulous patients with bilaterally severely resorbed maxillae requiring sinus augmentation and implant treatment were included . During surgery , tibial BM was harvested and added to bone substitute material ( Bio-Oss ( ® ) ) at the r and omly selected test site . At control sites , augmentation was performed with Bio-Oss ( ® ) alone . The cellular content of each BM aspirate was checked for multipotency and surface antigen expression as quality control . Histomorphometric analysis of biopsies from the augmented sites after 3 and 6 months ( during implantation ) was used to evaluate effects on bone regeneration . Osseointegration of implants was evaluated with Periotest ( ® ) and radiographic means . RESULTS Multipotent cellular content in tibial BM aspirates was comparable to that in punctures from the iliac crest . No significant difference in amount of new bone formation and the integration of bone substitute particles was detected histomorphometrically . Periotest ( ® ) values and radiographs showed successful osseointegration of inserted implants at all sites . CONCLUSION Directly autotransplanted tibial BM aspirates did not show beneficial regenerative effects in the small study population ( N = 6 ) of the present pilot trial . However , the proximal tibia proved to be a potential donor site for small quantities of BM . Future trials should clarify whether concentration of tibial BM aspirates could effect higher regenerative potency This blinded , r and omized , controlled pilot investigation is the first to histomorphometrically compare vital bone formation following bilateral sinus grafting with a biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) ( Straumann Bone Ceramic ) to an anorganic bovine bone matrix ( ABBM ) ( Bio-Oss ) 6 to 8 months following graft placement . Twelve patients were selected . Following elevation of the lateral sinus walls , one material was placed in the right sinus and the other material was placed in the left sinus , as determined by r and omization . Six to 8 months after grafting ( with the same time frame used for each patient ) , a trephine core was taken from the grafted area and sent for histomorphometric analysis . Cores were obtained from 21 healed sinuses in 12 patients . Nine patients provided bilateral cores . Histomorphometric analysis of 10 BCP cores and 11 ABBM cores revealed an average vital bone content of 28.35 % and 22.27 % , respectively . The average percentage of residual graft particles was 28.4 % in the BCP cores and 26.0 % in the ABBM cores . The difference in vital bone formation was not significantly different ( n = 9 patients , paired t test ) between bilateral sinuses treated with the BCP and those treated with the ABBM . Histologically , both material s appeared to be osteoconductive and support new bone formation . Future studies are needed to confirm the ability of this regenerated bone to support dental implant maintenance over time Purpose . To investigate the regenerative results obtained with the association of bone marrow aspirate concentrate using the Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate ( BMAC ) method to a xenogeneic bone graft ( Bio-Oss ) in sinus floor elevation . Material s and Methods . Using a r and omized controlled study design in eight consecutive patients ( age of 55.4 ± 9.2 years ) , 16 sinus floor lift procedures were performed with Bio-Oss alone ( control group , CG , n = 8) or combined with bone marrow aspirate concentrate obtained via the BMAC method ( test group , TG , n = 8) . Six months after the grafting procedures , bone biopsies were harvested during implant placement and were analyzed by histomorphometry . Results . Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly higher amount ( p < 0.05 ) of vital mineralized tissue in TG when compared to the CG ( 55.15 ± 20.91 % and 27.30 ± 5.55 % , resp . ) . For nonvital mineralized tissue , TG presented a statistically higher level of Bio-Oss resorption ( p < 0.05 ) when compared with the CG ( 6.32 ± 12.03 % and 22.79 ± 9.60 % , resp . ) . Both groups ( TG and CG ) showed no significantly different levels ( p > 0.05 ) of nonmineralized tissue ( 38.53 ± 13.08 % and 49.90 ± 7.64 % , resp . ) . Conclusion . The use of bone marrow concentrate obtained by BMAC method increased bone formation in sinus lift procedures AIM To assess whether differences occur in bone formation after maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery with bovine bone mineral ( BioOss ( ® ) ) mixed with autogenous bone or autogenous stem cells . The primary endpoint was the percentage of new bone three months after the elevation procedure . MATERIAL AND METHODS In a r and omized , controlled split-mouth design , in 12 consecutive patients ( age 60.8 ± 5.9 years , range 48 - 69 years ) needing reconstruction of their atrophic maxilla , a bilateral sinus floor augmentation procedure was performed . R and omly , on one side the augmentation procedure was performed with bovine bone mineral ( BioOss ( ® ) ) seeded with mononuclear stem cells harvested from the posterior iliac crest ( test group ) while BioOss ( ® ) mixed with autogenous bone ( harvested from the retromolar area ) was applied on the contra-lateral side ( control group ) . On 14.8 ± 0.7 weeks after the sinus floor elevation , biopsies from the reconstructed areas were taken at the spots where subsequently the endosseous implants were placed . The biopsies were histomorphometrically analyzed . RESULTS Significantly more bone formation was observed in the test group ( 17.7 ± 7.3 % ) when compared with the control group ( 12.0%± 6.6 ; P=0.026 ) . In both the test and control group , all implants could be placed with primary stability . In one patient , not all biopsies contained BioOss ( ® ) . This patient was excluded from analysis . CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cells seeded on BioOss ( ® ) particles can induce the formation of a sufficient volume of new bone 
    Output:
    