human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Despite it is accepted that acne is mostly caused by an hyper-responsiveness of the pilo-sebaceous unit to normal circulating and rogen hormones , in a few patients , especially women , acneic lesions can be associated with increased serum and rogen levels ( hyper and rogenism ) , of which polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is the most common cause . In women with acne and proven PCOS therapy with estroprogestins ( EPs )  can be an excellent option . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the effects of two estroprogestins ( EPs ) , ethinyl-estradiol ( EE ) 30 mcg/drospirenone ( DRSP ) 3 mg , and ethinyl-estradiol ( EE ) 30 mcg/chlormadinone acetate ( CMA ) 2 mg , both on increased serum and rogen levels and on several skin parameters in women affected by mild to severe acne and polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . METHODS Fifty-nine women were r and omized to receive EE/DRSP ( n = 32 ) or EE/CMA ( n = 27 ) for six months . Evaluation of serum and rogen levels , grading of acne and hirsutism ( respectively with Pillsbury and Ferriman-Gallwey score ) and non-invasive assessment of skin hydration , transepidermal water loss ( TEWL ) and skin homogeneity were performed at baseline , at 3 and 6 months ( end of treatment ) . RESULTS Both treatments were well tolerated and showed a significant improvement of skin and hormonal parameters , although EE/DRSP showed a more potent effect on acne and seborrhea . CONCLUSIONS Estroprogestins represent an effective and safe treatment in women with acne and polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . Nevertheless , the combination EE 30 mcg/DRSP 3 mg appears to be a more potent therapeutic option OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a pill containing drospirenone with those of a combined contraceptive vaginal ring on the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and on the surrogate markers of arterial function . SETTING Bologna University School of Medicine . PATIENT(S ) Thirty-seven women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) were r and omly su bmi tted to drospirenone+ethinylestradiol ( group I ; n=19 ) or combined contraceptive vaginal ring ( group II ; n=18 ) therapy . The duration of the study was 6 months . INTERVENTION(S ) The effect of treatments was assessed after 6 months of therapy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Utero-ovarian ultrasound analysis and color Doppler evaluation of uterine and stromal ovarian arteries . In addition , analysis of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were performed . Fasting blood sample s were drawn for testing biochemical and hormonal parameters and nitrites/nitrates . RESULT ( S ) Both treatments improved hirsutism , hyper and rogenemia , and ultrasound and color Doppler ovarian parameters . Both drospirenone+ethinylestradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring induced a slight but significant increase of diurnal and 24-hour blood pressure . Although both therapies worsened the lipid profile , the oral pill administration was associated with a more evident increase of circulating triglycerides . The 6-month treatment with the vaginal ring significantly improved the area under the curve for glucose , insulin , and C-peptide , whereas the drospirenone+ethinylestradiol pill induced an increase in the insulinogenic index and homeostatic model assessment estimate for insulin resistance values . CONCLUSION ( S ) Vaginal hormonal contraception appears to be preferable to oral ethinylestradiol + drospirenone administration in hyperinsulinemic patients with PCOS OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of continuous use of oral ( OC ) , transdermal , and vaginal combined contraceptives on the pituitary-ovarian axis and inhibition of follicular development . DESIGN Spin-off study of a prospect i ve , r and omized trial . SETTING University clinic . PATIENT(S ) Forty-two of 54 healthy women completed the study . INTERVENTION(S ) Treatment with combined OCs ( ethinyl E2 [ EE ] and desogestrel ) , transdermal patches ( EE and norelgestromin ) , or vaginal rings ( EE and etonogestrel ) for 9 weeks continuously . Blood sampling was performed before and at 5 and 9 weeks of treatment . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Changes in serum hormone levels induced by combined contraceptives . RESULT ( S ) Serum antimüllerian hormone ( AMH ) , FSH , inhibin B , LH , and E2 levels had decreased significantly in all study groups after 9 weeks of treatment . Significant declines were already detected after 5 weeks ' use of combined contraceptives with regard to all hormone levels apart from those of serum AMH , where the decrease between baseline and 5 weeks was only moderate . Between groups , serum levels of AMH , inhibin B , LH , and E2 were comparable at baseline and after 5 and 9 weeks of treatment . CONCLUSION ( S ) The decrease of serum AMH levels during the use of all combined contraceptives indicates that folliculogenesis is arrested independently of administration route . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01087879 BACKGROUND A prospect i ve r and omized trial was conducted to compare efficacy of a drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptives ( COC ) with desogestrel-containing COC in women with polycystic ovary-syndrome ( PCOS ) not desirous of child-bearing . STUDY DESIGN Sixty women were r and omized into study group [ ethinylestradiol ( EE ) 30 mcg+drospirenone 3 mg ] and control group ( EE 30 mcg+desogestrel 150 mcg ) , treated for 6 months and followed up at 1 month , 3 months , 6 months , during treatment and 3 and 6 months post-treatment . Acne and hirsutism scoring , bodyweight , body mass index ( BMI ) , blood pressure ( BP ) , ultrasound parameters , lipid profile , glycemic profile and hormonal profile were compared . RESULTS Cycles were regular in both groups during treatment . Effect of regular cycles persisted in 44.83 % ( 13/30 ) vs. 17.24 % ( 5/30 ) in study vs. control group at 6 months post-treatment with 33.3 % decreased hirsutism score in the study group ( versus no change in control group ) even at 6 months after stopping treatment . With treatment , BMI fell by 0.52 kg/m(2 ) in the study group ; systolic and diastolic BP fell in the study group while it rose in the control group . Low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased and high-density lipoprotein was elevated in the study group ( p<.05 ) . The study group showed a significant fall in fasting/postpr and ial blood sugar and insulin and total testosterone against a rise in the control group . CONCLUSION In women with PCOS , a drospirenone containing COC has better outcome in terms of persistent regular cycles , anti and rogenic effect , fall in BMI and BP , better lipid profile , favorable glycemic and hormonal profile than desogestrel-containing COC Effect of Short-Term St and ard Therapeutic Regimens on Neuropeptide Y and Adipose Tissue Hormones in Overweight Insulinresistant Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Aim : The study was aim ed at elucidating the influence of a 3-month treatment with routine therapeutic regimens - oral hormonal contraceptives ( OHC ) with anti and rogenic activity ( a st and ard combination of ethynil estradiol 35 μg plus cyproterone acetate 2 mg ) in combination with insulin sensitizing agents - metformin ( Group I ) and rosiglitazone ( Group II ) on adipose tissue hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome . Patients and methods : The study included 66 overweight insulin resistant women with PCOS according to the recent ESHRE-ASRM criteria r and omized into 2 age-matched therapeutic groups . Results : Significant decrease of leptin ( P < 0.01 ; P = 0.001 , resp . ) , resistin ( P < 0.01 ; P < 0.01 , resp . ) , tumour necrosis factor α ( TNFα ) ( P = 0.001 ; P < 0.001 , resp . ) , and NPY ( P < 0.05 ; P < 0.001 , resp . ) was observed in both groups after treatment . These findings were in parallel with a significant decrease in the anthropometric parameters of body weight in the metformin group only . No significant changes in hormonal characteristics of the groups were found except for a significant decrease in and rostenedione and DHEA-S ( P < 0.05 ) in the metformin group and in 17-OH-progesterone ( P < 0.05 ) in the rosiglitazone  group . HDL-cholesterol rose and diastolic blood pressure fell significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in the metformin group . Conclusion : Our data suggest beneficial effects of the treatment on potential cardiovascular risk in insulin resistant PCOS women . Эффект кратковременного при-менения стандартных терапев-тических режимов на нейропетид y и на гормоны жировой ткани у инсулин-резистентных женщин с поликистозным овариальным синдромом ( pcos ) и с избыточной массой тела Цель : Исследование ставит себе целью изучить эффект трехмесячного лечения с помощью рутин-ных терапевтических режимов ( оральные гормо-нальные контрацептивы ) , обладающих анти-андрогенной активностью ( стандартная комбинация - этинил эстрадиол 35 jug + ципротерон ацетат 2 mg ) в комбинации с метформином группа I и росиглитазоном - группа II на гормоны жировой ткани и на гипоталамический нейропептид Y ( NPY ) у женщин с PCOS . Пациенты и методы : Исследование охватывает 66 инсулин-резистентных женщин с PCOS и с избыточной массой тела . Диагноз поставлен по критериям ESHRE-ASRM ( рандомизация - две тера-певтические группы близкие по возрасту ) . Результаты : И в обеих группах после лечения отмечено сигнификантное уменьшение лептина ( Р < 0.01 ; Р = 0.001 , респ . ) , резистина ( Р < 0.01 ; Р < 0.01 , респ . ) , опухоли некротизирующего фактора a ( TNFa ) ( Р = 0.001 ; Р < 0.001 , респ . ) и NPY ( P < 0.05 ; Р < 0.001 , респ . ) . Эти результаты параллельны сигнификантному уменьшению антропометрических параметров массы тела только в группе женщин , леченных метформином . Не наблюдаются сигнифи-кантные изменения гормональных показателей и в обеих группах за исключением сигнификантного уменьшения андростерона и DHEA-S ( Р < 0.05 ) в группе , леченной метформином и 1 7-ОН-прогестерона ( Р < 0.05 ) в группе , леченной росиглитазоном . После лечения метформином HDL -холестерол повы-шается , а диастолическое артериальное давление сигнификантно снижается ( Р < 0.05 ) . Выводы : Полученные данные показывают благо- приятный эффект лечебных схем на потенциальные сердечно-сосудистые факторы риска у инсулин-резистентных женщин с PCOS BACKGROUND Serum uric acid levels have emerged as a cardiovascular risk factor , and interventions aim ed to decrease its level have been related with an improvement in clinical and non- clinical cardiovascular outcomes . METHODS Serum uric acid levels were measured in 40 polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) patients and 40 non-hyper and rogenic women matched for BMI and grade of obesity , and were followed-up in 34 PCOS patients who were r and omized to an oral contraceptive containing 35 mg ethinyl-estradiol plus 2 mg cyproterone acetate ( Diane(35 ) Diario ) or metformin ( 850 mg twice daily ) for 24 weeks . RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in uric acid levels between PCOS and non-hyper and rogenic control women . Consider 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Despite it is accepted that acne is mostly caused by an hyper-responsiveness of the pilo-sebaceous unit to normal circulating and rogen hormones , in a few patients , especially women , acneic lesions can be associated with increased serum and rogen levels ( hyper and rogenism ) , of which polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is the most common cause . In women with acne and proven PCOS therapy with estroprogestins ( EPs )  can be an excellent option . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the effects of two estroprogestins ( EPs ) , ethinyl-estradiol ( EE ) 30 mcg/drospirenone ( DRSP ) 3 mg , and ethinyl-estradiol ( EE ) 30 mcg/chlormadinone acetate ( CMA ) 2 mg , both on increased serum and rogen levels and on several skin parameters in women affected by mild to severe acne and polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . METHODS Fifty-nine women were r and omized to receive EE/DRSP ( n = 32 ) or EE/CMA ( n = 27 ) for six months . Evaluation of serum and rogen levels , grading of acne and hirsutism ( respectively with Pillsbury and Ferriman-Gallwey score ) and non-invasive assessment of skin hydration , transepidermal water loss ( TEWL ) and skin homogeneity were performed at baseline , at 3 and 6 months ( end of treatment ) . RESULTS Both treatments were well tolerated and showed a significant improvement of skin and hormonal parameters , although EE/DRSP showed a more potent effect on acne and seborrhea . CONCLUSIONS Estroprogestins represent an effective and safe treatment in women with acne and polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . Nevertheless , the combination EE 30 mcg/DRSP 3 mg appears to be a more potent therapeutic option OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a pill containing drospirenone with those of a combined contraceptive vaginal ring on the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and on the surrogate markers of arterial function . SETTING Bologna University School of Medicine . PATIENT(S ) Thirty-seven women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) were r and omly su bmi tted to drospirenone+ethinylestradiol ( group I ; n=19 ) or combined contraceptive vaginal ring ( group II ; n=18 ) therapy . The duration of the study was 6 months . INTERVENTION(S ) The effect of treatments was assessed after 6 months of therapy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Utero-ovarian ultrasound analysis and color Doppler evaluation of uterine and stromal ovarian arteries . In addition , analysis of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were performed . Fasting blood sample s were drawn for testing biochemical and hormonal parameters and nitrites/nitrates . RESULT ( S ) Both treatments improved hirsutism , hyper and rogenemia , and ultrasound and color Doppler ovarian parameters . Both drospirenone+ethinylestradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring induced a slight but significant increase of diurnal and 24-hour blood pressure . Although both therapies worsened the lipid profile , the oral pill administration was associated with a more evident increase of circulating triglycerides . The 6-month treatment with the vaginal ring significantly improved the area under the curve for glucose , insulin , and C-peptide , whereas the drospirenone+ethinylestradiol pill induced an increase in the insulinogenic index and homeostatic model assessment estimate for insulin resistance values . CONCLUSION ( S ) Vaginal hormonal contraception appears to be preferable to oral ethinylestradiol + drospirenone administration in hyperinsulinemic patients with PCOS OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of continuous use of oral ( OC ) , transdermal , and vaginal combined contraceptives on the pituitary-ovarian axis and inhibition of follicular development . DESIGN Spin-off study of a prospect i ve , r and omized trial . SETTING University clinic . PATIENT(S ) Forty-two of 54 healthy women completed the study . INTERVENTION(S ) Treatment with combined OCs ( ethinyl E2 [ EE ] and desogestrel ) , transdermal patches ( EE and norelgestromin ) , or vaginal rings ( EE and etonogestrel ) for 9 weeks continuously . Blood sampling was performed before and at 5 and 9 weeks of treatment . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Changes in serum hormone levels induced by combined contraceptives . RESULT ( S ) Serum antimüllerian hormone ( AMH ) , FSH , inhibin B , LH , and E2 levels had decreased significantly in all study groups after 9 weeks of treatment . Significant declines were already detected after 5 weeks ' use of combined contraceptives with regard to all hormone levels apart from those of serum AMH , where the decrease between baseline and 5 weeks was only moderate . Between groups , serum levels of AMH , inhibin B , LH , and E2 were comparable at baseline and after 5 and 9 weeks of treatment . CONCLUSION ( S ) The decrease of serum AMH levels during the use of all combined contraceptives indicates that folliculogenesis is arrested independently of administration route . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01087879 BACKGROUND A prospect i ve r and omized trial was conducted to compare efficacy of a drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptives ( COC ) with desogestrel-containing COC in women with polycystic ovary-syndrome ( PCOS ) not desirous of child-bearing . STUDY DESIGN Sixty women were r and omized into study group [ ethinylestradiol ( EE ) 30 mcg+drospirenone 3 mg ] and control group ( EE 30 mcg+desogestrel 150 mcg ) , treated for 6 months and followed up at 1 month , 3 months , 6 months , during treatment and 3 and 6 months post-treatment . Acne and hirsutism scoring , bodyweight , body mass index ( BMI ) , blood pressure ( BP ) , ultrasound parameters , lipid profile , glycemic profile and hormonal profile were compared . RESULTS Cycles were regular in both groups during treatment . Effect of regular cycles persisted in 44.83 % ( 13/30 ) vs. 17.24 % ( 5/30 ) in study vs. control group at 6 months post-treatment with 33.3 % decreased hirsutism score in the study group ( versus no change in control group ) even at 6 months after stopping treatment . With treatment , BMI fell by 0.52 kg/m(2 ) in the study group ; systolic and diastolic BP fell in the study group while it rose in the control group . Low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased and high-density lipoprotein was elevated in the study group ( p<.05 ) . The study group showed a significant fall in fasting/postpr and ial blood sugar and insulin and total testosterone against a rise in the control group . CONCLUSION In women with PCOS , a drospirenone containing COC has better outcome in terms of persistent regular cycles , anti and rogenic effect , fall in BMI and BP , better lipid profile , favorable glycemic and hormonal profile than desogestrel-containing COC Effect of Short-Term St and ard Therapeutic Regimens on Neuropeptide Y and Adipose Tissue Hormones in Overweight Insulinresistant Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Aim : The study was aim ed at elucidating the influence of a 3-month treatment with routine therapeutic regimens - oral hormonal contraceptives ( OHC ) with anti and rogenic activity ( a st and ard combination of ethynil estradiol 35 μg plus cyproterone acetate 2 mg ) in combination with insulin sensitizing agents - metformin ( Group I ) and rosiglitazone ( Group II ) on adipose tissue hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome . Patients and methods : The study included 66 overweight insulin resistant women with PCOS according to the recent ESHRE-ASRM criteria r and omized into 2 age-matched therapeutic groups . Results : Significant decrease of leptin ( P < 0.01 ; P = 0.001 , resp . ) , resistin ( P < 0.01 ; P < 0.01 , resp . ) , tumour necrosis factor α ( TNFα ) ( P = 0.001 ; P < 0.001 , resp . ) , and NPY ( P < 0.05 ; P < 0.001 , resp . ) was observed in both groups after treatment . These findings were in parallel with a significant decrease in the anthropometric parameters of body weight in the metformin group only . No significant changes in hormonal characteristics of the groups were found except for a significant decrease in and rostenedione and DHEA-S ( P < 0.05 ) in the metformin group and in 17-OH-progesterone ( P < 0.05 ) in the rosiglitazone  group . HDL-cholesterol rose and diastolic blood pressure fell significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in the metformin group . Conclusion : Our data suggest beneficial effects of the treatment on potential cardiovascular risk in insulin resistant PCOS women . Эффект кратковременного при-менения стандартных терапев-тических режимов на нейропетид y и на гормоны жировой ткани у инсулин-резистентных женщин с поликистозным овариальным синдромом ( pcos ) и с избыточной массой тела Цель : Исследование ставит себе целью изучить эффект трехмесячного лечения с помощью рутин-ных терапевтических режимов ( оральные гормо-нальные контрацептивы ) , обладающих анти-андрогенной активностью ( стандартная комбинация - этинил эстрадиол 35 jug + ципротерон ацетат 2 mg ) в комбинации с метформином группа I и росиглитазоном - группа II на гормоны жировой ткани и на гипоталамический нейропептид Y ( NPY ) у женщин с PCOS . Пациенты и методы : Исследование охватывает 66 инсулин-резистентных женщин с PCOS и с избыточной массой тела . Диагноз поставлен по критериям ESHRE-ASRM ( рандомизация - две тера-певтические группы близкие по возрасту ) . Результаты : И в обеих группах после лечения отмечено сигнификантное уменьшение лептина ( Р < 0.01 ; Р = 0.001 , респ . ) , резистина ( Р < 0.01 ; Р < 0.01 , респ . ) , опухоли некротизирующего фактора a ( TNFa ) ( Р = 0.001 ; Р < 0.001 , респ . ) и NPY ( P < 0.05 ; Р < 0.001 , респ . ) . Эти результаты параллельны сигнификантному уменьшению антропометрических параметров массы тела только в группе женщин , леченных метформином . Не наблюдаются сигнифи-кантные изменения гормональных показателей и в обеих группах за исключением сигнификантного уменьшения андростерона и DHEA-S ( Р < 0.05 ) в группе , леченной метформином и 1 7-ОН-прогестерона ( Р < 0.05 ) в группе , леченной росиглитазоном . После лечения метформином HDL -холестерол повы-шается , а диастолическое артериальное давление сигнификантно снижается ( Р < 0.05 ) . Выводы : Полученные данные показывают благо- приятный эффект лечебных схем на потенциальные сердечно-сосудистые факторы риска у инсулин-резистентных женщин с PCOS BACKGROUND Serum uric acid levels have emerged as a cardiovascular risk factor , and interventions aim ed to decrease its level have been related with an improvement in clinical and non- clinical cardiovascular outcomes . METHODS Serum uric acid levels were measured in 40 polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) patients and 40 non-hyper and rogenic women matched for BMI and grade of obesity , and were followed-up in 34 PCOS patients who were r and omized to an oral contraceptive containing 35 mg ethinyl-estradiol plus 2 mg cyproterone acetate ( Diane(35 ) Diario ) or metformin ( 850 mg twice daily ) for 24 weeks . RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in uric acid levels between PCOS and non-hyper and rogenic control women . Consider 
    Output:
    