human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are related to higher  offspring blood pressure ( BP ) , but it is not known whether this association strengthens or weakens as BP changes across childhood . Our aim was to assess the associations of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal BP changes during pregnancy with trajectories of offspring BP from age 7 to 18 years . Methods and Results In a large UK cohort of maternal – offspring pairs ( N=6619 ) , we used routine antenatal BP measurements to derive hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal BP trajectories . These were related to offspring BP trajectories , obtained from research clinic assessment s , using linear spline r and om-effects models . After adjusting for maternal and offspring variables , including body mass index , offspring of women who had existing hypertension , gestational hypertension , or preeclampsia during pregnancy had on average higher BP at age 7 years compared to offspring of normotensive pregnancies ( mean difference [ 95%CI ] in systolic BP : 1.67 mm Hg [ 0.48 , 2.86 ] , 1.98 mm Hg [ 1.32 , 2.65 ] , and 1.22 mm Hg [ −0.52 , 2.97 ] , respectively ) . These differences were consistent across childhood to age 18 years , as the patterns of BP change did not differ between offspring of hypertensive pregnancies and normotensive pregnancies . Maternal BP at 8 weeks ’ gestation was also positively associated with offspring BP in childhood and adolescence , but changes in BP across pregnancy were not strongly associated . Conclusions The differences in BP between offspring of hypertensive pregnancies and offspring of normotensive pregnancies remain consistent across childhood and adolescence . These associations appear to be most contributed to by higher maternal BP in early pregnancy rather than by pregnancy-related BP changes To determine if hypertension during pregnancy in adolescence is associated with subsequently elevated blood pressure ( BP ) , st and ardized BP was measured in young mothers 3–6 yr after their first pregnancy . In a population of 409 adolescents in a Young Mothers ' Program , ( age , 13–20 ; 46 % white , 54 % black ) , systolic ( S ) BP during pregnancy was related to body weight ( p < 0.01 ) but not to race , and 74 women ( 18 % ) had hypertension late in pregnancy ( HP ) . Of these women , 63 were studied in follow-up 3–6 yr later ; 52 additional young mothers who were normotensive in pregnancy ( NP ) were r and omly selected for comparison . At the time of follow-up mean SBP ( 115.7 mmHg ± 1.5 S.E. ) and diastolic ( D ) BP ( 67.9 ± 1.7 ) of HP were higher ( p < 0.01 ) than SBP ( 108.8 ± 1.4 ) and DBF ( 60.6 ± 1.9 ) of NP , unrelated to race and body size . SBP , but not DBP , of women taking oral contraceptive agents was higher than SBP of women who were not ( p < 0.01 ) , and highest SBP occurred in HP women on oral contraceptives ( 119.9 ± 2.1 ) . Children 's ( age 3–6 ) SBP correlated with mothers ' SBP ( p < 0.005 ) , and SBP of HP children ( 97.6 ± 1.3 ) was higher ( p < 0.03 ) than that of NP children ( 93.1 ± 1.5 ) . In summary , in adolescent primparous women , a history of hypertension late in pregnancy was associated with increased body weight and with higher blood pressures in both mothers and their children 3–6 yr later . Oral contraceptive usage was associated with increased SBP in both HP and NP , and highest SBP occurred in HP on oral contraceptives This study aims to determine whether variables reflecting an adverse intrauterine environment are associated with  childhood blood pressure .  The authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospect i ve cohort of children born to healthy , nulliparous women enrolled in a r and omized controlled trial . A total of 518 children were traced in 1995 - 1996 from 614 eligible children born in a clinic in Rosario , Argentina . The outcome was systolic blood pressure at 5 - 9 years . Hemoglobin during pregnancy was positively associated with children 's pressure . Other maternal characteristics during pregnancy ( blood pressure , smoking , weight gain , weight at 20 weeks ' gestation , and glycemia ) and size at birth ( birth weight , ponderal index , head circumference/length ratio , and small for gestational age ) were not associated with children 's pressure . Among children in the upper quartile of body mass index , there was a weak inverse correlation between birth weight and systolic pressure , and systolic pressure was 14.8 mmHg ( 95 percent confidence interval : 3.3 , 26.4 ) higher in low birth weight children than in others . The main predictors of childhood pressure were childhood body mass index and maternal pressure outside pregnancy . In this healthy population , the authors found weak support for an association between variables reflecting an adverse fetal environment and childhood blood pressure . Low birth weight was a risk factor for high blood pressure only in overweight children Background Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy may affect the cardiovascular risk of offspring . We examined the associations of maternal blood pressure throughout pregnancy and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with childhood blood pressure of offspring . Specific focus was on the comparison with paternal blood pressure effects , the identification of critical periods , and the role of birth outcomes and childhood body mass index in the observed associations . Methods and Results This study was embedded in a population ‐based prospect i ve cohort study among 5310 mothers and fathers and their children . We measured maternal blood pressure in each trimester of pregnancy and paternal blood pressure once . Information about hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was obtained from medical records . We measured childhood blood pressure at the median age of 6.0 years ( 95 % range 5.7–8.0 years ) . Both maternal and paternal blood pressure were positively associated with childhood blood pressure ( all P<0.05 ) , with similar effect estimates . Conditional regression analyses showed that early , mid‐ , and late‐pregnancy maternal blood pressure levels were all independent and positively associated with childhood blood pressure , with the strongest effect estimates for early pregnancy . Compared with children of mothers without hypertensive disorders in pregnancy , children of mothers with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy had higher diastolic blood pressure by a st and ard deviation score of 0.13 ( 95 % CI 0.05–0.21 ) . The observed associations were not material ly affected by birth outcomes and childhood body mass index . Conclusions Both maternal and paternal blood pressure affects childhood blood pressure , independent of fetal and childhood growth measures , with the strongest effect of maternal blood pressure in early pregnancy The association between hypertension of pregnancy and blood pressure ( BP ) and physical growth of the offspring at 6 years of age has been studied in a historical prospect i ve study . Ninety-four consecutive women who developed hypertension during pregnancy and were hospitalized with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and their children were included . The comparison group consisted of  individually-matched normal pregnant women .  Each mother-child pair was examined when the child was 6 years of age . The mean systolic BP ( SBP ) of the offspring was 101.3 + /- 10.2 ( S.D. ) mmHg and that of the controls 99.8 + /- 9.5 mmHg . The mean diastolic BP ( DBP ) was significantly higher among the cases than among the controls ( 66.2 + /- 8.3 mmHg and 63.9 + /- 8.0 mmHg , P = 0.03 ) . Among the cases , 11 children had a DBP above the 90th centile , whereas only four among the controls . A low , but significant , correlation was found between maternal and child BP for the cases . The DBP of the children with a positive family history of high BP was significantly higher than those with a negative history . There were no differences in height , weight or obesity index between cases and controls 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are related to higher  offspring blood pressure ( BP ) , but it is not known whether this association strengthens or weakens as BP changes across childhood . Our aim was to assess the associations of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal BP changes during pregnancy with trajectories of offspring BP from age 7 to 18 years . Methods and Results In a large UK cohort of maternal – offspring pairs ( N=6619 ) , we used routine antenatal BP measurements to derive hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal BP trajectories . These were related to offspring BP trajectories , obtained from research clinic assessment s , using linear spline r and om-effects models . After adjusting for maternal and offspring variables , including body mass index , offspring of women who had existing hypertension , gestational hypertension , or preeclampsia during pregnancy had on average higher BP at age 7 years compared to offspring of normotensive pregnancies ( mean difference [ 95%CI ] in systolic BP : 1.67 mm Hg [ 0.48 , 2.86 ] , 1.98 mm Hg [ 1.32 , 2.65 ] , and 1.22 mm Hg [ −0.52 , 2.97 ] , respectively ) . These differences were consistent across childhood to age 18 years , as the patterns of BP change did not differ between offspring of hypertensive pregnancies and normotensive pregnancies . Maternal BP at 8 weeks ’ gestation was also positively associated with offspring BP in childhood and adolescence , but changes in BP across pregnancy were not strongly associated . Conclusions The differences in BP between offspring of hypertensive pregnancies and offspring of normotensive pregnancies remain consistent across childhood and adolescence . These associations appear to be most contributed to by higher maternal BP in early pregnancy rather than by pregnancy-related BP changes To determine if hypertension during pregnancy in adolescence is associated with subsequently elevated blood pressure ( BP ) , st and ardized BP was measured in young mothers 3–6 yr after their first pregnancy . In a population of 409 adolescents in a Young Mothers ' Program , ( age , 13–20 ; 46 % white , 54 % black ) , systolic ( S ) BP during pregnancy was related to body weight ( p < 0.01 ) but not to race , and 74 women ( 18 % ) had hypertension late in pregnancy ( HP ) . Of these women , 63 were studied in follow-up 3–6 yr later ; 52 additional young mothers who were normotensive in pregnancy ( NP ) were r and omly selected for comparison . At the time of follow-up mean SBP ( 115.7 mmHg ± 1.5 S.E. ) and diastolic ( D ) BP ( 67.9 ± 1.7 ) of HP were higher ( p < 0.01 ) than SBP ( 108.8 ± 1.4 ) and DBF ( 60.6 ± 1.9 ) of NP , unrelated to race and body size . SBP , but not DBP , of women taking oral contraceptive agents was higher than SBP of women who were not ( p < 0.01 ) , and highest SBP occurred in HP women on oral contraceptives ( 119.9 ± 2.1 ) . Children 's ( age 3–6 ) SBP correlated with mothers ' SBP ( p < 0.005 ) , and SBP of HP children ( 97.6 ± 1.3 ) was higher ( p < 0.03 ) than that of NP children ( 93.1 ± 1.5 ) . In summary , in adolescent primparous women , a history of hypertension late in pregnancy was associated with increased body weight and with higher blood pressures in both mothers and their children 3–6 yr later . Oral contraceptive usage was associated with increased SBP in both HP and NP , and highest SBP occurred in HP on oral contraceptives This study aims to determine whether variables reflecting an adverse intrauterine environment are associated with  childhood blood pressure .  The authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospect i ve cohort of children born to healthy , nulliparous women enrolled in a r and omized controlled trial . A total of 518 children were traced in 1995 - 1996 from 614 eligible children born in a clinic in Rosario , Argentina . The outcome was systolic blood pressure at 5 - 9 years . Hemoglobin during pregnancy was positively associated with children 's pressure . Other maternal characteristics during pregnancy ( blood pressure , smoking , weight gain , weight at 20 weeks ' gestation , and glycemia ) and size at birth ( birth weight , ponderal index , head circumference/length ratio , and small for gestational age ) were not associated with children 's pressure . Among children in the upper quartile of body mass index , there was a weak inverse correlation between birth weight and systolic pressure , and systolic pressure was 14.8 mmHg ( 95 percent confidence interval : 3.3 , 26.4 ) higher in low birth weight children than in others . The main predictors of childhood pressure were childhood body mass index and maternal pressure outside pregnancy . In this healthy population , the authors found weak support for an association between variables reflecting an adverse fetal environment and childhood blood pressure . Low birth weight was a risk factor for high blood pressure only in overweight children Background Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy may affect the cardiovascular risk of offspring . We examined the associations of maternal blood pressure throughout pregnancy and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with childhood blood pressure of offspring . Specific focus was on the comparison with paternal blood pressure effects , the identification of critical periods , and the role of birth outcomes and childhood body mass index in the observed associations . Methods and Results This study was embedded in a population ‐based prospect i ve cohort study among 5310 mothers and fathers and their children . We measured maternal blood pressure in each trimester of pregnancy and paternal blood pressure once . Information about hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was obtained from medical records . We measured childhood blood pressure at the median age of 6.0 years ( 95 % range 5.7–8.0 years ) . Both maternal and paternal blood pressure were positively associated with childhood blood pressure ( all P<0.05 ) , with similar effect estimates . Conditional regression analyses showed that early , mid‐ , and late‐pregnancy maternal blood pressure levels were all independent and positively associated with childhood blood pressure , with the strongest effect estimates for early pregnancy . Compared with children of mothers without hypertensive disorders in pregnancy , children of mothers with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy had higher diastolic blood pressure by a st and ard deviation score of 0.13 ( 95 % CI 0.05–0.21 ) . The observed associations were not material ly affected by birth outcomes and childhood body mass index . Conclusions Both maternal and paternal blood pressure affects childhood blood pressure , independent of fetal and childhood growth measures , with the strongest effect of maternal blood pressure in early pregnancy The association between hypertension of pregnancy and blood pressure ( BP ) and physical growth of the offspring at 6 years of age has been studied in a historical prospect i ve study . Ninety-four consecutive women who developed hypertension during pregnancy and were hospitalized with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and their children were included . The comparison group consisted of  individually-matched normal pregnant women .  Each mother-child pair was examined when the child was 6 years of age . The mean systolic BP ( SBP ) of the offspring was 101.3 + /- 10.2 ( S.D. ) mmHg and that of the controls 99.8 + /- 9.5 mmHg . The mean diastolic BP ( DBP ) was significantly higher among the cases than among the controls ( 66.2 + /- 8.3 mmHg and 63.9 + /- 8.0 mmHg , P = 0.03 ) . Among the cases , 11 children had a DBP above the 90th centile , whereas only four among the controls . A low , but significant , correlation was found between maternal and child BP for the cases . The DBP of the children with a positive family history of high BP was significantly higher than those with a negative history . There were no differences in height , weight or obesity index between cases and controls 
    Output:
    