human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Raising cancer awareness among adolescents has potential to increase their knowledge and confidence in identifying cancer symptoms and seeking timely medical help in adolescence and adulthood . Detecting cancer at an early stage is important because it reduces the risk of dying of some cancers and thereby contributes to improved cancer survival . Adolescents may also play an important role in increasing cancer communication within families . However , there are no r and omised controlled trials ( RCT ) of the effectiveness of school-based educational interventions to increase adolescents ’ cancer awareness , and little is known about the role of adolescents in the upward diffusion of cancer knowledge to parents/carers . The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a school-based educational intervention to raise adolescent and parent cancer awareness and adolescent-parent cancer communication . Methods The Adolescent Cancer Education ( ACE ) study is a school-based , cluster RCT . Twenty secondary schools in the area covered by Glasgow City Council will be recruited . Special schools for adolescents whose additional needs can not be met in mainstream education are excluded . Schools are r and omised to receive a presentation delivered by a Teenage Cancer Trust educator in Autumn 2013 ( intervention group ) or Spring 2014 following completion of six-month follow-up measures ( control group ) . Participants will be students recruited at the end of their first year of secondary education ( S1 ) ( age 12 to 13 years ) and one parent/carer for each student , of the student ’s choice . The primary outcome is recognition of cancer symptoms two weeks post-intervention . Secondary outcomes are parents ’ cancer awareness and adolescent-parent cancer communication . Outcomes will be assessed at baseline ( when adolescents are in the final term of S1 ) , two-week , and six-month follow-up ( when adolescents are in S2 , age 13 to 14 years ) . Differences in outcomes between trial arms will be tested using multiple regression methods , adjusted for clustering by school . An audit of cancer-related and health-promotion activity within the school curriculum and environment during the RCT will be conducted at six-month follow-up to context ualise the intervention effect . Discussion Results from the ACE study will provide evidence about the public health effectiveness of a school-based intervention design ed to increase adolescent and parent cancer awareness and adolescent-parent cancer communication . Trial registration IS RCT Background : Physical inactivity and obesity increase the risk of  colorectal cancer  but little is known about whether they influence prognosis after diagnosis . Methods : Incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified among participants of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study , a prospect i ve cohort study of 41 528 Australians recruited from 1990 to 1994 . Participants diagnosed with their first colorectal cancer between recruitment and 1 August 2002 were eligible . At the time of study entry , body measurements were taken and participants were interviewed about their physical activity . Information on tumour site and stage , treatments given , recurrences , and deaths were obtained from systematic review of the medical records . Results : A total of 526 cases of colorectal cancer were identified . Median follow up among survivors was 5.5 years , and 208 deaths had occurred , including 181 from colorectal cancer . After adjusting for age , sex , and tumour stage , exercisers had an improved disease specific survival ( hazard ratio 0.73 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.54–1.00 ) ) . The benefit of exercise was largely confined to stage II – III tumours ( hazard ratio 0.49 ( 95 % CI 0.30–0.79 ) ) . Increasing per cent body fat result ed in an increase in disease specific deaths ( hazard ratio 1.33 per 10 kg ( 95 % CI 1.04–1.71 ) ) . Similarly , increasing waist circumference reduced disease specific survival ( hazard ratio 1.20 per 10 cm ( 95 % CI 1.05–1.37 ) ) . Conclusions : Increased central adiposity and a lack of regular physical activity prior to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is associated with poorer overall and disease specific survival 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Raising cancer awareness among adolescents has potential to increase their knowledge and confidence in identifying cancer symptoms and seeking timely medical help in adolescence and adulthood . Detecting cancer at an early stage is important because it reduces the risk of dying of some cancers and thereby contributes to improved cancer survival . Adolescents may also play an important role in increasing cancer communication within families . However , there are no r and omised controlled trials ( RCT ) of the effectiveness of school-based educational interventions to increase adolescents ’ cancer awareness , and little is known about the role of adolescents in the upward diffusion of cancer knowledge to parents/carers . The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a school-based educational intervention to raise adolescent and parent cancer awareness and adolescent-parent cancer communication . Methods The Adolescent Cancer Education ( ACE ) study is a school-based , cluster RCT . Twenty secondary schools in the area covered by Glasgow City Council will be recruited . Special schools for adolescents whose additional needs can not be met in mainstream education are excluded . Schools are r and omised to receive a presentation delivered by a Teenage Cancer Trust educator in Autumn 2013 ( intervention group ) or Spring 2014 following completion of six-month follow-up measures ( control group ) . Participants will be students recruited at the end of their first year of secondary education ( S1 ) ( age 12 to 13 years ) and one parent/carer for each student , of the student ’s choice . The primary outcome is recognition of cancer symptoms two weeks post-intervention . Secondary outcomes are parents ’ cancer awareness and adolescent-parent cancer communication . Outcomes will be assessed at baseline ( when adolescents are in the final term of S1 ) , two-week , and six-month follow-up ( when adolescents are in S2 , age 13 to 14 years ) . Differences in outcomes between trial arms will be tested using multiple regression methods , adjusted for clustering by school . An audit of cancer-related and health-promotion activity within the school curriculum and environment during the RCT will be conducted at six-month follow-up to context ualise the intervention effect . Discussion Results from the ACE study will provide evidence about the public health effectiveness of a school-based intervention design ed to increase adolescent and parent cancer awareness and adolescent-parent cancer communication . Trial registration IS RCT Background : Physical inactivity and obesity increase the risk of  colorectal cancer  but little is known about whether they influence prognosis after diagnosis . Methods : Incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified among participants of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study , a prospect i ve cohort study of 41 528 Australians recruited from 1990 to 1994 . Participants diagnosed with their first colorectal cancer between recruitment and 1 August 2002 were eligible . At the time of study entry , body measurements were taken and participants were interviewed about their physical activity . Information on tumour site and stage , treatments given , recurrences , and deaths were obtained from systematic review of the medical records . Results : A total of 526 cases of colorectal cancer were identified . Median follow up among survivors was 5.5 years , and 208 deaths had occurred , including 181 from colorectal cancer . After adjusting for age , sex , and tumour stage , exercisers had an improved disease specific survival ( hazard ratio 0.73 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.54–1.00 ) ) . The benefit of exercise was largely confined to stage II – III tumours ( hazard ratio 0.49 ( 95 % CI 0.30–0.79 ) ) . Increasing per cent body fat result ed in an increase in disease specific deaths ( hazard ratio 1.33 per 10 kg ( 95 % CI 1.04–1.71 ) ) . Similarly , increasing waist circumference reduced disease specific survival ( hazard ratio 1.20 per 10 cm ( 95 % CI 1.05–1.37 ) ) . Conclusions : Increased central adiposity and a lack of regular physical activity prior to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is associated with poorer overall and disease specific survival 
    Output:
    