human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND This study examines the effectiveness of a nursing home staff training program design ed to improve the interaction between residents with dementia and their caregivers . METHODS A three-arm cluster-r and omized and controlled population of 96 caregivers and 210 residents was used . Caregivers of the intervention group ( IG ) received a three-month training program in dementia care . Data were gathered at baseline , immediately after the training and at a six-month follow-up- assessment . Short- and long-term effects of the training program were assessed in comparison with another intervention referred to as the relaxation group ( RG ) and a wait-list control group ( CG ) . RESULTS Results indicated significant positive effects of the training program on caregivers ' knowledge immediately after the training and on the use of physical restraints at the six-month follow-up . Caregivers ' overall competence increased significantly both in the IG and in the RG . No intervention effects were found on caregivers ' level of burnout , their health complaints or on the use of sedative drugs .  Relaxation training was more successful in the reduction of caregivers ' health complaints . CONCLUSIONS Results of the study indicate both the effectiveness and the limitations of a general training program in dementia care . The complexity of the nursing home setting potentially needs more complex interventions . Ongoing and continued support of the caregivers , as well as changes in organization and environment , are more likely to be helpful in the long-term improvement in the quality of care . Future research should focus on studies of specific interventions , such as the interesting effects of relaxation training on the caregivers ' state of health AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study aims to evaluate the effects of a communication skills training programme on community aged care staff 's knowledge of communication support in dementia and on staff 's care experience . BACKGROUND Dementia can lead to impairments in communication . Therefore , quality community-based dementia care requires that staff be skilled communicators , equipped to facilitate interactions with people with dementia . The current investigation evaluated the effectiveness of the MESSAGE Communication Strategies in Dementia for Care Staff training programme with respect to knowledge of communication support and the staff/caregiver experience . DESIGN A multi-centre controlled pretest/post-test design with r and omised cohort allocation was used . Outcome measures were completed at baseline , immediately after training ( training group only ) , and at three-month follow-up . METHODS Thirty-eight care staff working in community aged care participated and completed all outcome measures ( training = 22 ; control = 16).Training and control groups completed the following outcome measures : knowledge of communication support strategies , self-efficacy , preparedness to provide care , strain in nursing care and attitude to dementia care . Staff in the training group provided written feedback on the training . RESULTS A significant improvement in knowledge scores from baseline was found for the training group both immediately after training and at three-month follow-up . There was also a significant training effect for self-efficacy and preparedness to provide care . No significant difference was found for the control group for any measure . No significant training effects were found for measures of strain or attitudes to dementia care . Feedback from staff suggests that the training was well received . CONCLUSIONS The MESSAGE training was positively received by staff and had a significant effect on care staff knowledge , and confidence to provide care for people with dementia . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The easily accessible multimedia training programme is well received by staff and has the potential to improve quality of care PURPOSE We examined the effects of communication skills training and the use of memory books by certified nursing assistants ( CNAs )  on verbal interactions between CNAs ( n = 64 ) and nursing home residents ( n = 67 ) during care routines . DESIGN AND METHODS  CNAs  were taught to use communication skills and memory books during their interactions with residents with moderate cognitive impairments and intact communication abilities . A staff motivational system was used to encourage performance and maintenance of these skills . Formal measures of treatment implementation were included . RESULTS Results were compared with those for participants on no-treatment control units . Trained CNAs talked more , used positive statements more frequently , and tended to increase the number of specific instructions given to residents . Changes in staff behavior did not result in an increase in total time giving care to residents . Maintenance of CNA behavior change was found 2 months after research staff exited the facility . Although an increase was found in positive verbal interactions between CNAs and residents on intervention units , other changes in resident communication were absent . IMPLICATION S Nursing staff can be trained to improve and maintain communication skills during care without increasing the amount of time delivering care . The method ological advantages of including measures to assess treatment implementation are discussed This article describes the development and evaluation of a Nursing Assistant Communication Skills Program ( NACSP ) . NACSP was design ed to help nursing assistants ( NAs ) interact more effectively with nursing home residents with moderate and severe dementia . In two skilled-care nursing homes , NAs in four units were r and omly assigned by unit to NACSP or to a wait-list control condition ( UC ) and were assessed at baseline , 3 months , and 6 months . NACSP result ed in improvement in the well-being of nursing home residents being cared for by NAs who had received the NACSP training . It was also found that NACSP result ed in greater knowledge of caregiving responses and reduced turnover rates among NAs , but the program had no impact on their knowledge of dementia . To disseminate the NACSP program , a leader manual , an accompanying training videotape , and a workbook for participants were developed In this study , an intervention design ed to improve staff-resident communication was evaluated in three nursing homes .  Audio recordings of staff speech from baseline , and immediately and 2 months post-intervention , were compared on elderspeak ( infantilizing speech ) and rated for care , respect , and control . After the intervention , staff used less elderspeak ( i.e. , diminutives , collective pronoun substitutions , shortened statements , and simplistic vocabulary ) . Immediate post-intervention conversations were rated as less controlling , but more respectful and caring . After 2 months , communication was more controlling , less respectful , and less caring . Reduction in staff elderspeak use continued for psycholinguistic measures , but improvements in care , respect , and control decayed , suggesting the need for ongoing reinforcement of training Ninety-one mid- to late-stage dementia patients residing in nursing homes , along with their staff caregivers , participated in a study design ed to assess whether training caregivers in sensitivity to nonverbal communication could enhance mood and reduce symptoms in patients and improve psychological well-being in caregivers . Patients and staff at three nursing homes comprised three groups that were r and omly assigned to either a nonverbal sensitivity group , a behavioral placebo group that received instruction in the cognitive and behavioral aspects of dementia , and a wait-list control . Training consisted of 10 one-hour sessions taught by a clinical psychologist using prepared material s. Patient measures , which were taken at baseline and at 4 three-week intervals , included patient symptomatology ( depression , agitation , behavioral symptoms ) , as reported by the staff caregivers , and positive and negative facial expressions of emotion elicited during a face-to-face interview and coded by trained research staff . Results indicated that positive affect increased sharply during the first 6 weeks after intervention in the nonverbal group , with the placebo and wait-list controls showing no change . There was also a decline in negative affect across time for all groups . Effects with respect to patient symptomatology did not reach significance . Caregivers in both training groups showed a decline in symptomatology , whereas the wait-list control group did not PURPOSE To examine the efficacy of a comprehensive behavior management skills training program for improving certified nursing assistants ' ( CNA ) skill performance in the nursing home , to assess the effectiveness of a staff motivational system for maintaining newly acquired behavior management skills for a 6-month period , and to evaluate any result ing effects on resident agitation . DESIGN AND METHODS This study used a r and omized clinical trial of 88 residents with behavior disturbances and 106 CNAs who cared for them in two urban nursing homes . After CNAs received 4 weeks of behavior management training , supervisory nursing staff implemented formal staff management ( FSM ) , design ed to maintain training effects over time . The supervisory staff used conventional staff management ( CSM , usual supervisory routine ) on control units . We completed behavioral observations and paper- and -pen assessment s at baseline and repeated them during a 4-week post-intervention phase and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups . RESULTS During the immediate post-training phase , both the FSM and CSM groups improved five out of seven communication skills and the ability to delay physical assistance during care routines . Although CNAs showed a reduction in the use of ineffective behavior management strategies , they did not increase their use of effective behavioral strategies . Follow-up assessment s suggested that the FSM system was more effective than CSM for maintaining and even improving communication skills over time . Resident agitation was reduced during care interactions and maintained at follow-up . IMPLICATION S The behavior management skills training program improved CNAs ' ability to interact with behaviorally disturbed nursing home residents and produced sustained reductions in agitation . The FSM system was more effective for maintaining communication skills 6 months after training The objective of the study was to evaluate whether a short training workshop in communication techniques is more effective than an information booklet for improving communication skills in informal carers of people suffering from dementia . 30 informal carers were allocated to the workshop sessions and 15 to the booklet . Outcome measures included awareness of communication strategies ; perceived frequency of communication breakdown at home , and the associated level of distress ; general stress ; and consumer satisfaction . At six week follow-up , the workshop group demonstrated a significantly greater awareness of communication strategies than the booklet-only group . Both groups reported some reduction in the frequency of communication problems at home , and a reduction in the associated level of distress . The frequency of other problem behaviours remained stable . Satisfaction with the workshop indicated that training was helpful but depended on the stage of illness of the partner OBJECTIVE To conduct a controlled investigation to examine the effects of an abilities-focused program of morning care on the interaction behaviors and functioning of residents with dementia and on caregivers ' interaction behaviors and perceptions of caregiving . DESIGN A quasi-experimental , repeated measures design . SETTING The study was conducted on four , nursing-home-level cognitive supports units in a geriatric care center . One of the units was r and omly selected as the experimental unit ; the other three served as controls . PARTICIPANTS The final sample consisted of 40 residents ( 20 each in the experimental and three control groups ) and 44 caregivers ( 16 on the experimental unit and 28 on the three control units ) . INTERVENTION An educational program on delivering abilities-focused morning care , design ed by the authors , was provided to caregivers on the experimental unit . MEASUREMENTS Measures were taken at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postintervention with regard to residents ' interaction behaviors , level of agitation , and level of function and to caregivers ' interaction behaviors , perceived ease of caregiving , and level of stress . RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance ( RM-ANOVA ) was used to compare the experimental and control groups in regard to changes in the outcomes over time . Results indicated that the abilities-focused program had statistically significant effects on ( a ) residents ' personal attending and calm/functional behaviors , level of agitation , and levels of overall and social function , and ( b ) caregivers ' verbal relevance and personal attending , relaxed , and social/flexible behaviors . CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that both residents and caregivers benefit from morning care that is oriented toward the abilities of people with dementia The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a skill training aim ed at increasing the social competence of caregivers of nursing home residents suffering from dementia . Herewith , the professional burden and occupational stress of the caregivers should be reduced and the quality of life of dementia patients should be increased . The contents of the training focused on problems and strategies in the communication with dementia patients and the communication with colleagues . The effectiveness of the intervention was tested in a controlled training study using a multiple control group design and process measurement . The participants of the trainings were 53 nursing home professionals , who were in daily contact with residents suffering from dementia . The results of the study verify effects for all relevant variables . The " social competence " of the caregivers increased and their " work stress " decreased while the " quality of life of dementia patients " increased . Therefore it can be concluded that training the social competence of nursing home professionals is a method to indirectly reduce their work stress and support dementia patients . The results of research in this program underline very clearly that the developed training is an effective option to improve the situation of dementia care in nursing homes . To make the intervention widely applicable we are currently developing a " multiplier program " in a follow-up project 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND This study examines the effectiveness of a nursing home staff training program design ed to improve the interaction between residents with dementia and their caregivers . METHODS A three-arm cluster-r and omized and controlled population of 96 caregivers and 210 residents was used . Caregivers of the intervention group ( IG ) received a three-month training program in dementia care . Data were gathered at baseline , immediately after the training and at a six-month follow-up- assessment . Short- and long-term effects of the training program were assessed in comparison with another intervention referred to as the relaxation group ( RG ) and a wait-list control group ( CG ) . RESULTS Results indicated significant positive effects of the training program on caregivers ' knowledge immediately after the training and on the use of physical restraints at the six-month follow-up . Caregivers ' overall competence increased significantly both in the IG and in the RG . No intervention effects were found on caregivers ' level of burnout , their health complaints or on the use of sedative drugs .  Relaxation training was more successful in the reduction of caregivers ' health complaints . CONCLUSIONS Results of the study indicate both the effectiveness and the limitations of a general training program in dementia care . The complexity of the nursing home setting potentially needs more complex interventions . Ongoing and continued support of the caregivers , as well as changes in organization and environment , are more likely to be helpful in the long-term improvement in the quality of care . Future research should focus on studies of specific interventions , such as the interesting effects of relaxation training on the caregivers ' state of health AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study aims to evaluate the effects of a communication skills training programme on community aged care staff 's knowledge of communication support in dementia and on staff 's care experience . BACKGROUND Dementia can lead to impairments in communication . Therefore , quality community-based dementia care requires that staff be skilled communicators , equipped to facilitate interactions with people with dementia . The current investigation evaluated the effectiveness of the MESSAGE Communication Strategies in Dementia for Care Staff training programme with respect to knowledge of communication support and the staff/caregiver experience . DESIGN A multi-centre controlled pretest/post-test design with r and omised cohort allocation was used . Outcome measures were completed at baseline , immediately after training ( training group only ) , and at three-month follow-up . METHODS Thirty-eight care staff working in community aged care participated and completed all outcome measures ( training = 22 ; control = 16).Training and control groups completed the following outcome measures : knowledge of communication support strategies , self-efficacy , preparedness to provide care , strain in nursing care and attitude to dementia care . Staff in the training group provided written feedback on the training . RESULTS A significant improvement in knowledge scores from baseline was found for the training group both immediately after training and at three-month follow-up . There was also a significant training effect for self-efficacy and preparedness to provide care . No significant difference was found for the control group for any measure . No significant training effects were found for measures of strain or attitudes to dementia care . Feedback from staff suggests that the training was well received . CONCLUSIONS The MESSAGE training was positively received by staff and had a significant effect on care staff knowledge , and confidence to provide care for people with dementia . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The easily accessible multimedia training programme is well received by staff and has the potential to improve quality of care PURPOSE We examined the effects of communication skills training and the use of memory books by certified nursing assistants ( CNAs )  on verbal interactions between CNAs ( n = 64 ) and nursing home residents ( n = 67 ) during care routines . DESIGN AND METHODS  CNAs  were taught to use communication skills and memory books during their interactions with residents with moderate cognitive impairments and intact communication abilities . A staff motivational system was used to encourage performance and maintenance of these skills . Formal measures of treatment implementation were included . RESULTS Results were compared with those for participants on no-treatment control units . Trained CNAs talked more , used positive statements more frequently , and tended to increase the number of specific instructions given to residents . Changes in staff behavior did not result in an increase in total time giving care to residents . Maintenance of CNA behavior change was found 2 months after research staff exited the facility . Although an increase was found in positive verbal interactions between CNAs and residents on intervention units , other changes in resident communication were absent . IMPLICATION S Nursing staff can be trained to improve and maintain communication skills during care without increasing the amount of time delivering care . The method ological advantages of including measures to assess treatment implementation are discussed This article describes the development and evaluation of a Nursing Assistant Communication Skills Program ( NACSP ) . NACSP was design ed to help nursing assistants ( NAs ) interact more effectively with nursing home residents with moderate and severe dementia . In two skilled-care nursing homes , NAs in four units were r and omly assigned by unit to NACSP or to a wait-list control condition ( UC ) and were assessed at baseline , 3 months , and 6 months . NACSP result ed in improvement in the well-being of nursing home residents being cared for by NAs who had received the NACSP training . It was also found that NACSP result ed in greater knowledge of caregiving responses and reduced turnover rates among NAs , but the program had no impact on their knowledge of dementia . To disseminate the NACSP program , a leader manual , an accompanying training videotape , and a workbook for participants were developed In this study , an intervention design ed to improve staff-resident communication was evaluated in three nursing homes .  Audio recordings of staff speech from baseline , and immediately and 2 months post-intervention , were compared on elderspeak ( infantilizing speech ) and rated for care , respect , and control . After the intervention , staff used less elderspeak ( i.e. , diminutives , collective pronoun substitutions , shortened statements , and simplistic vocabulary ) . Immediate post-intervention conversations were rated as less controlling , but more respectful and caring . After 2 months , communication was more controlling , less respectful , and less caring . Reduction in staff elderspeak use continued for psycholinguistic measures , but improvements in care , respect , and control decayed , suggesting the need for ongoing reinforcement of training Ninety-one mid- to late-stage dementia patients residing in nursing homes , along with their staff caregivers , participated in a study design ed to assess whether training caregivers in sensitivity to nonverbal communication could enhance mood and reduce symptoms in patients and improve psychological well-being in caregivers . Patients and staff at three nursing homes comprised three groups that were r and omly assigned to either a nonverbal sensitivity group , a behavioral placebo group that received instruction in the cognitive and behavioral aspects of dementia , and a wait-list control . Training consisted of 10 one-hour sessions taught by a clinical psychologist using prepared material s. Patient measures , which were taken at baseline and at 4 three-week intervals , included patient symptomatology ( depression , agitation , behavioral symptoms ) , as reported by the staff caregivers , and positive and negative facial expressions of emotion elicited during a face-to-face interview and coded by trained research staff . Results indicated that positive affect increased sharply during the first 6 weeks after intervention in the nonverbal group , with the placebo and wait-list controls showing no change . There was also a decline in negative affect across time for all groups . Effects with respect to patient symptomatology did not reach significance . Caregivers in both training groups showed a decline in symptomatology , whereas the wait-list control group did not PURPOSE To examine the efficacy of a comprehensive behavior management skills training program for improving certified nursing assistants ' ( CNA ) skill performance in the nursing home , to assess the effectiveness of a staff motivational system for maintaining newly acquired behavior management skills for a 6-month period , and to evaluate any result ing effects on resident agitation . DESIGN AND METHODS This study used a r and omized clinical trial of 88 residents with behavior disturbances and 106 CNAs who cared for them in two urban nursing homes . After CNAs received 4 weeks of behavior management training , supervisory nursing staff implemented formal staff management ( FSM ) , design ed to maintain training effects over time . The supervisory staff used conventional staff management ( CSM , usual supervisory routine ) on control units . We completed behavioral observations and paper- and -pen assessment s at baseline and repeated them during a 4-week post-intervention phase and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups . RESULTS During the immediate post-training phase , both the FSM and CSM groups improved five out of seven communication skills and the ability to delay physical assistance during care routines . Although CNAs showed a reduction in the use of ineffective behavior management strategies , they did not increase their use of effective behavioral strategies . Follow-up assessment s suggested that the FSM system was more effective than CSM for maintaining and even improving communication skills over time . Resident agitation was reduced during care interactions and maintained at follow-up . IMPLICATION S The behavior management skills training program improved CNAs ' ability to interact with behaviorally disturbed nursing home residents and produced sustained reductions in agitation . The FSM system was more effective for maintaining communication skills 6 months after training The objective of the study was to evaluate whether a short training workshop in communication techniques is more effective than an information booklet for improving communication skills in informal carers of people suffering from dementia . 30 informal carers were allocated to the workshop sessions and 15 to the booklet . Outcome measures included awareness of communication strategies ; perceived frequency of communication breakdown at home , and the associated level of distress ; general stress ; and consumer satisfaction . At six week follow-up , the workshop group demonstrated a significantly greater awareness of communication strategies than the booklet-only group . Both groups reported some reduction in the frequency of communication problems at home , and a reduction in the associated level of distress . The frequency of other problem behaviours remained stable . Satisfaction with the workshop indicated that training was helpful but depended on the stage of illness of the partner OBJECTIVE To conduct a controlled investigation to examine the effects of an abilities-focused program of morning care on the interaction behaviors and functioning of residents with dementia and on caregivers ' interaction behaviors and perceptions of caregiving . DESIGN A quasi-experimental , repeated measures design . SETTING The study was conducted on four , nursing-home-level cognitive supports units in a geriatric care center . One of the units was r and omly selected as the experimental unit ; the other three served as controls . PARTICIPANTS The final sample consisted of 40 residents ( 20 each in the experimental and three control groups ) and 44 caregivers ( 16 on the experimental unit and 28 on the three control units ) . INTERVENTION An educational program on delivering abilities-focused morning care , design ed by the authors , was provided to caregivers on the experimental unit . MEASUREMENTS Measures were taken at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postintervention with regard to residents ' interaction behaviors , level of agitation , and level of function and to caregivers ' interaction behaviors , perceived ease of caregiving , and level of stress . RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance ( RM-ANOVA ) was used to compare the experimental and control groups in regard to changes in the outcomes over time . Results indicated that the abilities-focused program had statistically significant effects on ( a ) residents ' personal attending and calm/functional behaviors , level of agitation , and levels of overall and social function , and ( b ) caregivers ' verbal relevance and personal attending , relaxed , and social/flexible behaviors . CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that both residents and caregivers benefit from morning care that is oriented toward the abilities of people with dementia The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a skill training aim ed at increasing the social competence of caregivers of nursing home residents suffering from dementia . Herewith , the professional burden and occupational stress of the caregivers should be reduced and the quality of life of dementia patients should be increased . The contents of the training focused on problems and strategies in the communication with dementia patients and the communication with colleagues . The effectiveness of the intervention was tested in a controlled training study using a multiple control group design and process measurement . The participants of the trainings were 53 nursing home professionals , who were in daily contact with residents suffering from dementia . The results of the study verify effects for all relevant variables . The " social competence " of the caregivers increased and their " work stress " decreased while the " quality of life of dementia patients " increased . Therefore it can be concluded that training the social competence of nursing home professionals is a method to indirectly reduce their work stress and support dementia patients . The results of research in this program underline very clearly that the developed training is an effective option to improve the situation of dementia care in nursing homes . To make the intervention widely applicable we are currently developing a " multiplier program " in a follow-up project 
    Output:
    