human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE This r and omized clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of the ErhBMP-2 in alveolar bone regeneration as well as preservation of the β-TCP bone graft material that contains ErhBMP-2 . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This study involved 72 patients at the 3 study centers . The patients , who were divided into 2 groups : the experiment group who had ErhBMP-2 coated TCP/HA and the control group who had TCP/HA graft material alone transplanted immediately after tooth extraction . CT was taken before and 3 months after the transplantation and healing status was compared between the two groups . The efficacy endpoints that were used to measure the degree of bone induction included alveolar bone height and 3 measurements of bone width . The paired t test was used to determine the significance of the changes ( P<.05 ) . RESULTS Changes in alveolar bone height were -1.087 ± 1.413 mm in the control group and -.059 ± 0.960 mm in the experimental group ( P<.01 ) . At 25 % extraction socket length [ ESL ] , the changes were 0.006 ± 1.149 mm in the control group and 1.279 ± 1.387 mm in the experimental group . At 50 % ESL , the changes were 0.542 ± 1.157 mm and 1.239 ± 1.249 mm , respectively ( P<.01 for 25 % ESL , and P<.05 for 50 % ESL ) . During the experiment , no adverse reactions to the graft material were observed . CONCLUSION ErhBMP-2 coated β-TCP/HA were found to be more effective in preserving alveolar bone than conventional β-TCP/HA alloplastic bone graft material AIM This study compared the effects of Escherichia-coli-produced recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( ErhBMP-2 ) with a biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) carrier to those of deproteinized bovine bone in human maxillary sinus floor augmentation . MATERIAL AND METHODS Screening for this clinical trial selected 56 sites that provided informed consent to participate , of which 46 were ultimately enrolled and 41 were finally included in the study . The sites were divided into two groups using a r and om-number table , and the material was applied . A trephine biopsy was performed after 24 weeks , and implants wider than the biopsy site were inserted . Computed tomography and plain panoramic images were obtained immediately and then again at 24 weeks after the surgery . Radiographic images were reconstructed to allow measurement of the linear and volumetric changes . The biopsy sample s were processed for histologic and histometric analyzes . RESULTS All sites healed uneventfully with no complications . Radiographic analysis revealed a tendency for the volume to increase , but the difference was not statistically significant in either group . Comparison of volumetric changes between the two groups also revealed no significant difference . Moreover , none of the histometric parameters differed significantly between the groups , although different healing patterns were observed on histologic analysis . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATION S It can be concluded that sinus augmentation with ErhBMP-2 carrying BCP carrier did not enhance bone regeneration compared to the conventional treatment using deproteinized bovine bone at 24 weeks after the surgery The aim of the present clinical study was to test whether or not the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) to a xenogenic bone substitute mineral ( Bio-Oss ) will improve guided bone regeneration therapy regarding bone volume , density and maturation . In 11 partially edentulous patients , 34 Brånemark implants were placed at two different sites in the same jaw ( five maxillae , six m and ibles ) requiring lateral ridge augmentation . The bone defects were r and omly assigned to test and control treatments : the test and the control defects were both augmented with the xenogenic bone substitute and a resorbable collagen membrane ( Bio-Gide ) . At the test sites , the xenogenic bone substitute mineral was coated with rhBMP-2 in a lyophilization process . Following implant insertion ( baseline ) , the peri-implant bone defect height was measured from the implant shoulder to the first implant-bone contact . After an average healing period of 6 months ( SD 0.17 , range 5.7 - 6.2 ) , the residual defects were again measured and trephine burs were used to take 22 bone biopsies from the augmented regions . The healing period was uneventful except for one implant site that showed a wound dehiscence , which spontaneously closed after 4 weeks . Later at reentry , all implants were stable . At baseline , the mean defect height was 7.0 mm ( SD 2.67 , range 3 - 12 mm ) at test and 5.8 mm ( SD 1.81 , range 3 - 8 mm ) at control sites . At reentry , the mean defect height decreased to 0.2 mm ( SD 0.35 , range 0 - 1 mm ) at test sites ( corresponding to 96 % vertical defect fill ) and to 0.4 mm ( SD 0.66 , range 0 - 2 mm ) at the control site ( vertical defect fill of 91 % ) . Reduction in defect height from baseline to reentry for both test and control sites was statistically significant ( Wilcoxon P<0.01 ) . Histomorphometric analysis showed an average area density of 37 % ( SD 11.2 , range 23 - 51 % ) newly formed bone at test sites and 30 % ( SD 8.9 , range 18 - 43 % ) at control sites . The fraction of mineralized bone identified as mature lamellar bone amounted to 76 % ( SD 14.4 , range 47.8 - 94 % ) at test compared to 56 % ( SD 18.3 , range 31.6 - 91.4 % ) at control sites ( paired t-test P<0.05 ) . At BMP-treated sites 57 % ( SD 16.2 , range 29 - 81 % ) and at control sites 30 % ( SD 22.6 , range 0 - 66 % ) of the surface of the bone substitute particles were in direct contact with newly formed bone ( paired t-test P<0.05 ) . It is concluded that the combination of the xenogenic bone substitute mineral with rhBMP-2 can enhance the maturation process of bone regeneration and can increase the graft to bone contact in humans . rhBMP-2 has the potential to predictably improve and accelerate guided bone regeneration therapy This radiographic study evaluated the efficacy of different concentrations of rhBMP-2 to regenerate bone in alveolar defects in the anterior maxilla . The study was performed using reasonably st and ardized CT examinations and the Simplant program . The radiographic measurements were further refined by careful st and ardization of the measured regions of interest . There was a statistically significant difference in bone formation between subjects treated with a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL rhBMP-2 compared with each of the other groups . There was no statistically significant difference in bone volume between any of the other groups . None of the groups showed a loss in bone volume OBJECTIVE The aim of this r and omized-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the long-term outcome of implants placed in bone augmented with a xenogenic bone substitute material and a collagen membrane with or without the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) . MATERIAL AND METHODS Eleven patients received a total of 34 implants placed into sites exhibiting lateral bone defects . In a split mouth design , the defects were r and omly treated with the graft material and the collagen membrane either with ( test ) or without ( control ) rhBMP-2 . The patients were examined 3 and 5 years after insertion of the prosthetic restoration . Student 's paired t-test was performed to detect differences between the two groups . RESULTS The survival rate at 3 and 5 years was 100 % for both groups . The peri-implant soft tissues were stable and healthy without any difference between the two groups . The prosthetic reevaluation demonstrated four loose prosthetic screws during the first 3 years and seven ceramic chippings after 3 and 5 years . The mean distance between the first bone to implant contact to implant abutment junction at 3 years was 1.37 mm ( test ) , 1.22 mm ( control ) , and 1.38 mm ( test ) , and 1.23 mm ( control ) at 5 years . The difference of < 0.2 mm between test and control implants was not statistically significant . The mean change of the marginal bone level between baseline and 5 years ranged from -0.07 mm ( mesial , test ) , -0.11 mm ( distal , test ) , -0.03 mm ( mesial , control ) , to + 0.13 mm ( distal , control ) . No statistically significant differences were observed between test and control sites . CONCLUSION Implants placed in bone augmented with and without rhBMP-2 revealed excellent clinical and radiological outcomes after 3 and 5 years BACKGROUND Flapless extraction of teeth allows for undisturbed preservation of the nearby periosteum and a source of osteoprogenitor cells . Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( rhBMP-2 ) has been used for different bone augmentation purpose s with great osteoinductive capacity . The aim of this study is to compare the bone regenerative ability of rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge ( ACS ) carrier to a collagen sponge ( CS ) alone in extraction sites with ≥50 % buccal dehiscence . METHODS Thirty-nine patients requiring extraction of a hopeless tooth with ≥50 % buccal dehiscence were enrolled . After flapless extraction and r and omization , either rhBMP-2/ACS carrier or CS alone was placed in the extraction site . After extraction , a baseline cone beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) scan was obtained of the site , and a similar scan was obtained 5 months postoperatively . Medical imaging and viewing software were used to compare the baseline and 5-month postoperative images of the study site and assess ridge width measurements , vertical height changes , and buccal plate regeneration . RESULTS Radiographically , CBCT analysis showed that with ≥50 % of buccal bone destruction , rhBMP-2/ACS was able to regenerate a portion of the lost buccal plate , maintain theoretical ridge dimensions , and allow for implant placement 5 months after extraction . The test group performed significantly ( P < 0.05 ) better in regard to clinical buccal plate regeneration ( 4.75 versus 1.85 mm ) , clinical ridge width at 5 months ( 6.0 versus 4.62 mm ) , and radiographic ridge width at 3 mm from the alveolar crest ( 6.17 versus 4.48 mm ) after molar exclusion . There was also significantly ( P < 0.05 ) less remaining buccal dehiscence , both clinical ly ( 6.81 versus 10.0 mm ) and radiographically ( 3.42 versus 5.16 mm ) , at 5 months in the test group . Significantly ( P < 0.05 ) more implants were placed in the test group without the need for additional augmentation . The mean loss in vertical ridge height ( lingual/palatal ) was less in the test sites but was not significantly ( P = 0.514 ) different between the test and control groups ( 0.39 versus 0.64 mm ) . CONCLUSIONS rhBMP-2/ACS compared to CS alone used in flapless extraction sites with a buccal dehiscence is able to regenerate lost buccal plate , maintain theoretical ridge dimensions , and allow for implant placement 5 months later PURPOSE The aim of the present r and omized controlled trial was to determine the safety and efficacy of injectable demineralized bone matrix ( DBM ) gel combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) on alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 69 patients were r and omly assigned to either a test group ( n = 35 ) or a control group ( n = 34 ) . In the test group , DBM , together with rhBMP-2 ( 0.05 mg/mL ; rhBMP-2/DBM ) was transplanted into the extraction sockets . The control group received DBM alone . The safety of rhBMP-2/DBM was evaluated by oral examination , serum chemistry , and hematologic examination . The radiographic changes in alveolar bone height and width were measured using computed tomography scans performed immediately after transplant and again 3 months thereafter . RESULTS Healing was uneventful in all subjects , with no anticipated adverse events and no clinical ly significant changes in the serum chemistry and hematologic findings . No meaningful immune response was found among the study groups . No significant difference was found in the radiographic changes of alveolar bone height and width ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS This new injectable bio material can be used easily and safely in clinical applications AIM To compare the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier ( ACS ) with autogenous bone graft for augmentation of the edentulous atrophic anterior maxilla . METHODS Twenty-four subjects were enrolled in a r and omized , controlled , parallel-group , open-label clinical trial . Subjects either received rh 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE This r and omized clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of the ErhBMP-2 in alveolar bone regeneration as well as preservation of the β-TCP bone graft material that contains ErhBMP-2 . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This study involved 72 patients at the 3 study centers . The patients , who were divided into 2 groups : the experiment group who had ErhBMP-2 coated TCP/HA and the control group who had TCP/HA graft material alone transplanted immediately after tooth extraction . CT was taken before and 3 months after the transplantation and healing status was compared between the two groups . The efficacy endpoints that were used to measure the degree of bone induction included alveolar bone height and 3 measurements of bone width . The paired t test was used to determine the significance of the changes ( P<.05 ) . RESULTS Changes in alveolar bone height were -1.087 ± 1.413 mm in the control group and -.059 ± 0.960 mm in the experimental group ( P<.01 ) . At 25 % extraction socket length [ ESL ] , the changes were 0.006 ± 1.149 mm in the control group and 1.279 ± 1.387 mm in the experimental group . At 50 % ESL , the changes were 0.542 ± 1.157 mm and 1.239 ± 1.249 mm , respectively ( P<.01 for 25 % ESL , and P<.05 for 50 % ESL ) . During the experiment , no adverse reactions to the graft material were observed . CONCLUSION ErhBMP-2 coated β-TCP/HA were found to be more effective in preserving alveolar bone than conventional β-TCP/HA alloplastic bone graft material AIM This study compared the effects of Escherichia-coli-produced recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( ErhBMP-2 ) with a biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) carrier to those of deproteinized bovine bone in human maxillary sinus floor augmentation . MATERIAL AND METHODS Screening for this clinical trial selected 56 sites that provided informed consent to participate , of which 46 were ultimately enrolled and 41 were finally included in the study . The sites were divided into two groups using a r and om-number table , and the material was applied . A trephine biopsy was performed after 24 weeks , and implants wider than the biopsy site were inserted . Computed tomography and plain panoramic images were obtained immediately and then again at 24 weeks after the surgery . Radiographic images were reconstructed to allow measurement of the linear and volumetric changes . The biopsy sample s were processed for histologic and histometric analyzes . RESULTS All sites healed uneventfully with no complications . Radiographic analysis revealed a tendency for the volume to increase , but the difference was not statistically significant in either group . Comparison of volumetric changes between the two groups also revealed no significant difference . Moreover , none of the histometric parameters differed significantly between the groups , although different healing patterns were observed on histologic analysis . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATION S It can be concluded that sinus augmentation with ErhBMP-2 carrying BCP carrier did not enhance bone regeneration compared to the conventional treatment using deproteinized bovine bone at 24 weeks after the surgery The aim of the present clinical study was to test whether or not the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) to a xenogenic bone substitute mineral ( Bio-Oss ) will improve guided bone regeneration therapy regarding bone volume , density and maturation . In 11 partially edentulous patients , 34 Brånemark implants were placed at two different sites in the same jaw ( five maxillae , six m and ibles ) requiring lateral ridge augmentation . The bone defects were r and omly assigned to test and control treatments : the test and the control defects were both augmented with the xenogenic bone substitute and a resorbable collagen membrane ( Bio-Gide ) . At the test sites , the xenogenic bone substitute mineral was coated with rhBMP-2 in a lyophilization process . Following implant insertion ( baseline ) , the peri-implant bone defect height was measured from the implant shoulder to the first implant-bone contact . After an average healing period of 6 months ( SD 0.17 , range 5.7 - 6.2 ) , the residual defects were again measured and trephine burs were used to take 22 bone biopsies from the augmented regions . The healing period was uneventful except for one implant site that showed a wound dehiscence , which spontaneously closed after 4 weeks . Later at reentry , all implants were stable . At baseline , the mean defect height was 7.0 mm ( SD 2.67 , range 3 - 12 mm ) at test and 5.8 mm ( SD 1.81 , range 3 - 8 mm ) at control sites . At reentry , the mean defect height decreased to 0.2 mm ( SD 0.35 , range 0 - 1 mm ) at test sites ( corresponding to 96 % vertical defect fill ) and to 0.4 mm ( SD 0.66 , range 0 - 2 mm ) at the control site ( vertical defect fill of 91 % ) . Reduction in defect height from baseline to reentry for both test and control sites was statistically significant ( Wilcoxon P<0.01 ) . Histomorphometric analysis showed an average area density of 37 % ( SD 11.2 , range 23 - 51 % ) newly formed bone at test sites and 30 % ( SD 8.9 , range 18 - 43 % ) at control sites . The fraction of mineralized bone identified as mature lamellar bone amounted to 76 % ( SD 14.4 , range 47.8 - 94 % ) at test compared to 56 % ( SD 18.3 , range 31.6 - 91.4 % ) at control sites ( paired t-test P<0.05 ) . At BMP-treated sites 57 % ( SD 16.2 , range 29 - 81 % ) and at control sites 30 % ( SD 22.6 , range 0 - 66 % ) of the surface of the bone substitute particles were in direct contact with newly formed bone ( paired t-test P<0.05 ) . It is concluded that the combination of the xenogenic bone substitute mineral with rhBMP-2 can enhance the maturation process of bone regeneration and can increase the graft to bone contact in humans . rhBMP-2 has the potential to predictably improve and accelerate guided bone regeneration therapy This radiographic study evaluated the efficacy of different concentrations of rhBMP-2 to regenerate bone in alveolar defects in the anterior maxilla . The study was performed using reasonably st and ardized CT examinations and the Simplant program . The radiographic measurements were further refined by careful st and ardization of the measured regions of interest . There was a statistically significant difference in bone formation between subjects treated with a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL rhBMP-2 compared with each of the other groups . There was no statistically significant difference in bone volume between any of the other groups . None of the groups showed a loss in bone volume OBJECTIVE The aim of this r and omized-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the long-term outcome of implants placed in bone augmented with a xenogenic bone substitute material and a collagen membrane with or without the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) . MATERIAL AND METHODS Eleven patients received a total of 34 implants placed into sites exhibiting lateral bone defects . In a split mouth design , the defects were r and omly treated with the graft material and the collagen membrane either with ( test ) or without ( control ) rhBMP-2 . The patients were examined 3 and 5 years after insertion of the prosthetic restoration . Student 's paired t-test was performed to detect differences between the two groups . RESULTS The survival rate at 3 and 5 years was 100 % for both groups . The peri-implant soft tissues were stable and healthy without any difference between the two groups . The prosthetic reevaluation demonstrated four loose prosthetic screws during the first 3 years and seven ceramic chippings after 3 and 5 years . The mean distance between the first bone to implant contact to implant abutment junction at 3 years was 1.37 mm ( test ) , 1.22 mm ( control ) , and 1.38 mm ( test ) , and 1.23 mm ( control ) at 5 years . The difference of < 0.2 mm between test and control implants was not statistically significant . The mean change of the marginal bone level between baseline and 5 years ranged from -0.07 mm ( mesial , test ) , -0.11 mm ( distal , test ) , -0.03 mm ( mesial , control ) , to + 0.13 mm ( distal , control ) . No statistically significant differences were observed between test and control sites . CONCLUSION Implants placed in bone augmented with and without rhBMP-2 revealed excellent clinical and radiological outcomes after 3 and 5 years BACKGROUND Flapless extraction of teeth allows for undisturbed preservation of the nearby periosteum and a source of osteoprogenitor cells . Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( rhBMP-2 ) has been used for different bone augmentation purpose s with great osteoinductive capacity . The aim of this study is to compare the bone regenerative ability of rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge ( ACS ) carrier to a collagen sponge ( CS ) alone in extraction sites with ≥50 % buccal dehiscence . METHODS Thirty-nine patients requiring extraction of a hopeless tooth with ≥50 % buccal dehiscence were enrolled . After flapless extraction and r and omization , either rhBMP-2/ACS carrier or CS alone was placed in the extraction site . After extraction , a baseline cone beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) scan was obtained of the site , and a similar scan was obtained 5 months postoperatively . Medical imaging and viewing software were used to compare the baseline and 5-month postoperative images of the study site and assess ridge width measurements , vertical height changes , and buccal plate regeneration . RESULTS Radiographically , CBCT analysis showed that with ≥50 % of buccal bone destruction , rhBMP-2/ACS was able to regenerate a portion of the lost buccal plate , maintain theoretical ridge dimensions , and allow for implant placement 5 months after extraction . The test group performed significantly ( P < 0.05 ) better in regard to clinical buccal plate regeneration ( 4.75 versus 1.85 mm ) , clinical ridge width at 5 months ( 6.0 versus 4.62 mm ) , and radiographic ridge width at 3 mm from the alveolar crest ( 6.17 versus 4.48 mm ) after molar exclusion . There was also significantly ( P < 0.05 ) less remaining buccal dehiscence , both clinical ly ( 6.81 versus 10.0 mm ) and radiographically ( 3.42 versus 5.16 mm ) , at 5 months in the test group . Significantly ( P < 0.05 ) more implants were placed in the test group without the need for additional augmentation . The mean loss in vertical ridge height ( lingual/palatal ) was less in the test sites but was not significantly ( P = 0.514 ) different between the test and control groups ( 0.39 versus 0.64 mm ) . CONCLUSIONS rhBMP-2/ACS compared to CS alone used in flapless extraction sites with a buccal dehiscence is able to regenerate lost buccal plate , maintain theoretical ridge dimensions , and allow for implant placement 5 months later PURPOSE The aim of the present r and omized controlled trial was to determine the safety and efficacy of injectable demineralized bone matrix ( DBM ) gel combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) on alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 69 patients were r and omly assigned to either a test group ( n = 35 ) or a control group ( n = 34 ) . In the test group , DBM , together with rhBMP-2 ( 0.05 mg/mL ; rhBMP-2/DBM ) was transplanted into the extraction sockets . The control group received DBM alone . The safety of rhBMP-2/DBM was evaluated by oral examination , serum chemistry , and hematologic examination . The radiographic changes in alveolar bone height and width were measured using computed tomography scans performed immediately after transplant and again 3 months thereafter . RESULTS Healing was uneventful in all subjects , with no anticipated adverse events and no clinical ly significant changes in the serum chemistry and hematologic findings . No meaningful immune response was found among the study groups . No significant difference was found in the radiographic changes of alveolar bone height and width ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS This new injectable bio material can be used easily and safely in clinical applications AIM To compare the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier ( ACS ) with autogenous bone graft for augmentation of the edentulous atrophic anterior maxilla . METHODS Twenty-four subjects were enrolled in a r and omized , controlled , parallel-group , open-label clinical trial . Subjects either received rh 
    Output:
    