human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This pilot aims to better underst and the market for childcare in Saudi Arabia – both the supply and dem and sides – and to design a r and omized controlled experiment to test whether access to affordable day care ( in the form of subsidies , for example ) would incentivize Saudi mothers to search actively for employment and to remain employed once they are hired . In addition , the study seeks to underst and the degree to which employment early on in one ’s life impacts employment in later stages . The pilot will provide information on the groups of women the experiment should target , appropriate levels for the childcare subsidy , and the quality and current geographic locations of daycare sites . Expected Impact Determine the effects of facilitating childcare access on Saudi women ’s employment . PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS  Boston University Patricia Cortes  Harvard University Claudia Goldin  Swarthmore College Jennifer The purpose of this review is to summarize literature that describes the impact of exercise on health and physical function among children during and after treatment for cancer . Relevant studies were identified by entering the following search terms into Pubmed : aerobic training ; resistance training ; stretching ; pediatric ; children ; AND cancer . Reference lists in retrieved manuscripts were also review ed to identify additional trials . We include fifteen intervention trials published between 1993 and 2011 that included children younger than age 21 years with cancer diagnoses . Nine included children with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) diagnosis , and six children with mixed cancer diagnoses . Generally , interventions tested were either in-hospital supervised exercise training or home based programs design ed to promote physical activity . Early evidence from small studies indicates that the effects of exercise include increased cardiopulmonary fitness , improved muscle strength and flexibility , reduced fatigue and improved physical function . Generalizations to the entire childhood cancer and childhood cancer survivor population s are difficult as most of the work has been done in children during treatment for and among survivors of ALL . Additional r and omized studies are needed to confirm these benefits in larger population s of children with ALL , and in population s with cancer diagnoses other than ALL Hypotheses . Healing Touch ( HT ) is an energy therapy that has been shown to lower stress , pain , and fatigue in adult oncology patients . This study evaluated the feasibility of administering HT in pediatric oncology inpatient and outpatient units at Kapi’olani Medical Center for Women and Children . Study design . This study was a 1-year r and omized prospect i ve study consisting of 2 study arms . The HT arm was considered the treatment group , and reading/play activity was design ated as the control group . Participants were r and omly assigned to each arm on enrollment in the study . Methods . They were recruited by the pediatric oncology social worker . Interested participants were asked to provide informed consent and were r and omized to either the HT arm or the reading/play activity arm of the study . They received their design ated intervention for 30 minutes at each inpatient or outpatient encounter . Participants , parents , and care providers were asked to complete preintervention and postintervention assessment s. Results . In all , 15 participants , aged 3 to 18 years old , were approached about the study between July 2009 and June 2010 . A total of 9 participants enrolled ( recruitment rate of 60 % ) ; 6 patients were r and omized to receive HT sessions , and 3 patients received reading/play activities ; 2 participants dropped out of the study because of prolonged hospitalizations and complicated treatments . An additional participant expired while in the study because of disease progression . Those in the HT group showed significant decreases in the scores for pain , stress , and fatigue for participants , parents , and caregivers . Furthermore , parents ’ perception of their children ’s pain decreased significantly for the HT group when compared with the group receiving reading/play activity . Conclusion . This study demonstrates the feasibility of using energy therapy in the pediatric oncology patient population . There also seems to be an interest in this treatment modality for this patient population . Furthermore , these findings suggest that HT has a positive impact on pain , stress , and fatigue related to oncology treatment This prospect i ve , two-site , r and omized , controlled pilot study assessed the feasibility of an enhanced physical activity ( EPA ) intervention in hospitalized children and adolescents receiving treatment for a solid tumor or for acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) , and assessed different statistical techniques to detect the intervention 's sleep and fatigue outcomes .  Twenty-nine patients ( 25 with a solid tumor and 4 with AML ) participated . Data were collected from actigraph ; patient , parent , and staff nurse reports of patient fatigue ; parent sleep diaries ; and patient charts . The intervention was successfully implemented 85.4 % of the scheduled times . We used two different statistical methods to analyze the longitudinal data . Using an ANOVA model , sleep was significantly more efficient in the experimental arm than in the control arm when daily differences from baseline sleep efficiency values were averaged and compared ( F=4.17 , P=0.053 ) . However , in a mixed model ( repeated measures ) analysis , sleep duration ( F=0.54 , P=0.47 ) and sleep efficiency ( F=0.04 , P=0.85 ) were not seen to differ between study arms . We conclude that an inpatient intervention of EPA can be delivered to children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy . Our findings identify design and statistical considerations for a future effectiveness study of the EPA intervention in hospitalized pediatric oncology patients This experimental , r and omized controlled study was conducted for children with cancer who are 7 to 12 years of age and receiving chemotherapy treatment to detect the impact of appropriate nursing interventions on decreasing the fatigue syndrome . The research sample is composed of a total of 60 children with cancer , with 30 children being included in the experimental group and 30 children included in the control group with their mothers . In the experimental group , after the 7th to 10th day of the chemotherapy treatment , throughout a week , the research er conducted the effective nursing interventions every day for 45 to 60 minutes . In the control group , routine nursing interventions were carried out . The experimental and control group children 's mean scores for the Fatigue Scale-Child and those of mothers for Fatigue Scale-Parent were compared . A statistically significant difference was found between the Fatigue Scale-Child and Fatigue Scale-Parent mean scores of the experimental and the control group children ( P < .00 ) . These results suggest that fatigue of children with cancer can be reduced by implementing appropriate nursing interventions 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This pilot aims to better underst and the market for childcare in Saudi Arabia – both the supply and dem and sides – and to design a r and omized controlled experiment to test whether access to affordable day care ( in the form of subsidies , for example ) would incentivize Saudi mothers to search actively for employment and to remain employed once they are hired . In addition , the study seeks to underst and the degree to which employment early on in one ’s life impacts employment in later stages . The pilot will provide information on the groups of women the experiment should target , appropriate levels for the childcare subsidy , and the quality and current geographic locations of daycare sites . Expected Impact Determine the effects of facilitating childcare access on Saudi women ’s employment . PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS  Boston University Patricia Cortes  Harvard University Claudia Goldin  Swarthmore College Jennifer The purpose of this review is to summarize literature that describes the impact of exercise on health and physical function among children during and after treatment for cancer . Relevant studies were identified by entering the following search terms into Pubmed : aerobic training ; resistance training ; stretching ; pediatric ; children ; AND cancer . Reference lists in retrieved manuscripts were also review ed to identify additional trials . We include fifteen intervention trials published between 1993 and 2011 that included children younger than age 21 years with cancer diagnoses . Nine included children with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) diagnosis , and six children with mixed cancer diagnoses . Generally , interventions tested were either in-hospital supervised exercise training or home based programs design ed to promote physical activity . Early evidence from small studies indicates that the effects of exercise include increased cardiopulmonary fitness , improved muscle strength and flexibility , reduced fatigue and improved physical function . Generalizations to the entire childhood cancer and childhood cancer survivor population s are difficult as most of the work has been done in children during treatment for and among survivors of ALL . Additional r and omized studies are needed to confirm these benefits in larger population s of children with ALL , and in population s with cancer diagnoses other than ALL Hypotheses . Healing Touch ( HT ) is an energy therapy that has been shown to lower stress , pain , and fatigue in adult oncology patients . This study evaluated the feasibility of administering HT in pediatric oncology inpatient and outpatient units at Kapi’olani Medical Center for Women and Children . Study design . This study was a 1-year r and omized prospect i ve study consisting of 2 study arms . The HT arm was considered the treatment group , and reading/play activity was design ated as the control group . Participants were r and omly assigned to each arm on enrollment in the study . Methods . They were recruited by the pediatric oncology social worker . Interested participants were asked to provide informed consent and were r and omized to either the HT arm or the reading/play activity arm of the study . They received their design ated intervention for 30 minutes at each inpatient or outpatient encounter . Participants , parents , and care providers were asked to complete preintervention and postintervention assessment s. Results . In all , 15 participants , aged 3 to 18 years old , were approached about the study between July 2009 and June 2010 . A total of 9 participants enrolled ( recruitment rate of 60 % ) ; 6 patients were r and omized to receive HT sessions , and 3 patients received reading/play activities ; 2 participants dropped out of the study because of prolonged hospitalizations and complicated treatments . An additional participant expired while in the study because of disease progression . Those in the HT group showed significant decreases in the scores for pain , stress , and fatigue for participants , parents , and caregivers . Furthermore , parents ’ perception of their children ’s pain decreased significantly for the HT group when compared with the group receiving reading/play activity . Conclusion . This study demonstrates the feasibility of using energy therapy in the pediatric oncology patient population . There also seems to be an interest in this treatment modality for this patient population . Furthermore , these findings suggest that HT has a positive impact on pain , stress , and fatigue related to oncology treatment This prospect i ve , two-site , r and omized , controlled pilot study assessed the feasibility of an enhanced physical activity ( EPA ) intervention in hospitalized children and adolescents receiving treatment for a solid tumor or for acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) , and assessed different statistical techniques to detect the intervention 's sleep and fatigue outcomes .  Twenty-nine patients ( 25 with a solid tumor and 4 with AML ) participated . Data were collected from actigraph ; patient , parent , and staff nurse reports of patient fatigue ; parent sleep diaries ; and patient charts . The intervention was successfully implemented 85.4 % of the scheduled times . We used two different statistical methods to analyze the longitudinal data . Using an ANOVA model , sleep was significantly more efficient in the experimental arm than in the control arm when daily differences from baseline sleep efficiency values were averaged and compared ( F=4.17 , P=0.053 ) . However , in a mixed model ( repeated measures ) analysis , sleep duration ( F=0.54 , P=0.47 ) and sleep efficiency ( F=0.04 , P=0.85 ) were not seen to differ between study arms . We conclude that an inpatient intervention of EPA can be delivered to children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy . Our findings identify design and statistical considerations for a future effectiveness study of the EPA intervention in hospitalized pediatric oncology patients This experimental , r and omized controlled study was conducted for children with cancer who are 7 to 12 years of age and receiving chemotherapy treatment to detect the impact of appropriate nursing interventions on decreasing the fatigue syndrome . The research sample is composed of a total of 60 children with cancer , with 30 children being included in the experimental group and 30 children included in the control group with their mothers . In the experimental group , after the 7th to 10th day of the chemotherapy treatment , throughout a week , the research er conducted the effective nursing interventions every day for 45 to 60 minutes . In the control group , routine nursing interventions were carried out . The experimental and control group children 's mean scores for the Fatigue Scale-Child and those of mothers for Fatigue Scale-Parent were compared . A statistically significant difference was found between the Fatigue Scale-Child and Fatigue Scale-Parent mean scores of the experimental and the control group children ( P < .00 ) . These results suggest that fatigue of children with cancer can be reduced by implementing appropriate nursing interventions 
    Output:
    