human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Autologous Preparation Rich in Growth Factors ( PRGF ) , a small volume of plasma enriched in platelets , is a novel therapeutic strategy for the acceleration of the wound healing of a wide range of tissues because of the continuous release of multiple growth factors , including PDGF-AB , TGF-beta1 , IGF-I , HGF , VEGF-A , and EGF . In this article , we have characterized the PRGF preparation and design ed a r and omized open-label controlled pilot trial to evaluate the effectiveness of PRGF in the treatment of chronic cutaneous ulcers . Results showed that at 8 weeks , the mean percentage of surface healed in the  PRGF  group was 72.94 % + /- 22.25 % whereas it was 21.48 % + /- 33.56 % in the control group ( p < 0.05 ) . These results , with the limitations of a pilot study , suggest that topical application of PRGF is more effective than st and ard therapy in helping a chronic ulcer to heal Basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) has been shown to promote wound healing . The present trial evaluated the clinical efficacy of bFGF for diabetic ulcer , a type of refractory skin ulcer , and the dose-response relationship . This was design ed as a r and omized , double-blind , dose-ranging , placebo-controlled trial . A total of 150 patients with non-ischaemic diabetic ulcers measuring 900 mm2 or less were r and omized into a placebo group ( n = 51 ) , a 0.001 % bFGF group ( n = 49 ) and a 0.01 % bFGF group ( n = 50 ) , and 148 of these patients received treatment for 8 weeks or less . The efficacy evaluation was carried out on 139 patients who met the protocol in this trial . The primary outcome was the percentage of patients showing 75 % or greater reductions in the area of ulcer . The area of ulcer decreased by 75 % or more in 57.5 % ( 27/47 ) , 72.3 % ( 34/47 ) , and 82.2 % ( 37/45 ) in the placebo , 0.001 % bFGF and 0.01 % bFGF groups , respectively , and differences were significant between the 0.01 % bFGF and placebo groups ( p = 0.025 ) . The cure rate was 46.8 % ( 22/47 ) , 57.4 % ( 27/47 ) , and 66.7 % ( 30/45 ) in the placebo , 0.001 % bFGF and 0.01 % bFGF groups , respectively . The findings obtained in this trial showed wound healing accelerating effects of bFGF on diabetic ulcers OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF ) hydrogel on the healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds . METHODS Ninety three wounds of 65 burn patients who suffered from a deep partial thickness burn of < 5 % TBSA and could not heal over 3 weeks were included in this study . The patients were r and omly assigned to use rhGM-CSF hydrogel ( GC group , n=32 ) or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF ( control group , n=33 ) . rhGM-CSF hydrogel or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF was topically applied to the wounds , the dressing was changed once a day . Wound healing time and percentage , wound discharge , periwound inflammation , the positive wound swabs culture count , and adverse drug reactions were observed and compared between two groups . RESULTS Healing time was 12.2 ± 5.0 days after the application of rhGM-CSF hydrogel . This was significantly shorter than that of control wounds ( 15.5 ± 4.7 days ) . Healing percentage at 14 days in the rhGM-CSF-treated wounds was 97.5 ± 7.7 % , which was markedly higher than the control ( 85.9 ± 6.8 % ) . At 3 , 6 , 12 , 14 day , the GC group was significantly superior to the control group with respect to the score of periwound inflammation , wound purulence and discharge . The positive wound swabs culture count of the GC group on the 7th and 14th day post-treatment was 14 and 4 , respectively , which was significantly lower than the control . CONCLUSION rhGM-CSF hydrogel promotes the healing process of deep partial thickness burns effectively . No adverse reaction of the drug was observed during the study Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process . The efficacy and safety of a recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF ) hydrogel to promote deep-second-degree burn wound healing is evaluated in this study . In this multicenter , r and omized , double-blind , and placebo-controlled clinical trial , 90 patients with deep second-degree burns were r and omly assigned into two groups . Complete healing time and percentage of wound healing at different time points were observed and side effects were recorded . A statistically significant difference was noted at each time point ( p<0.01 ) . No side effects were observed . These results suggest that rhGM-CSF hydrogel can significantly accelerate deep second-degree burn wound healing and is considered to be safe BACKGROUND AIMS Stem cells , namely easily accessible bone marrow-derived cells ( BMC ) , are reportedly capable of tissue repair in different damaged organs and might favor wound healing . The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and safety of BMC mobilization induced by granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) in patients undergoing surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal cysts ( SPC ) . To evaluate the possible clinical benefit of G-CSF in reducing the time to complete resolution , a comparison with a control group receiving surgery without G-CSF was performed . METHODS Eight patients with complex SPC were included in this prospect i ve trial . Patients were treated with G-CSF ( 5 µg/kg b.i.d . ) for 3 consecutive days ; st and ard surgical exeresis of the pilonidal cyst was scheduled on day 2 of mobilization . Mobilization was assessed in terms of circulating CD34(+ ) cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit ( CFU-GM ) progenitors . RESULTS Mobilization of CD34(+ ) cells and CFU-GM occurred in all patients , along with a marked increase in white blood cells ( median peak value 28 435/µL , day 3 ) . G-CSF was well tolerated and no adverse events occurred . All patients received the planned surgical treatment without any complications . Interestingly , the G-CSF group patients had a median time to resolution ( 117 days , range 110 - 130 ) significantly shorter than control patients ( 145 days , range 118 - 168 ) ( P = 0.034 ) . CONCLUSIONS G-CSF administration , along with BMC mobilization , is feasible and well tolerated in patients undergoing surgery for SPC ; clinical results compare favorably with those observed in controls not receiving G-CSF ; the results suggest the potential use of G-CSF as an additional treatment to accelerate wound healing in patients undergoing surgery Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant adeno-associated viral ( rAAV ) vector-mediated human vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF165 ) transfer on experimental burn wounds . Design R and omized experiment . Setting Research laboratory . SubjectsC57BL/6 male mice weighing 25–30 g. Interventions Mice were immersed in 80 ° C water for 10 secs to achieve a partial-thickness scald burn . Animals were r and omized to receive at two injection sites on the edge of the burn either 1011 copies of the rAAV-VEGF165 or the vector carrying the control and inert gene & bgr;-galactosidase ( rAAV-LacZ ) . On day 14 the animals were killed . Burn areas were used for histologic examination , evaluation of VEGF expression ( immunohistochemistry ) and VEGF wound content ( enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ) , determination of wound nitrite , and measurement of messenger RNA ( mRNA ) for endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS and iNOS ) . Measurements and Main Results rAAV-VEGF165 increased epithelial proliferation , angiogenesis , and maturation of the extracellular matrix . Furthermore , gene transfer enhanced VEGF expression , studied by immunohistochemistry , and the wound content of the mature protein ( rAAV-LacZ , 11 ± 5 pg/wound ; rAAV-VEGF165 , 104 ± 7 pg/wound ) . Moreover , VEGF165 gene transfer increased wound content of nitrate . Finally , rAAV-VEGF165 administration enhanced the messenger RNA for eNOS ( rAAV-VEGF165 , 1.1 ± 0.2 relative amount of eNOS mRNA ; rAAV-LacZ , 0.66 ± 0.3 relative amount of eNOS mRNA ) and iNOS ( rAAV-VEGF165 , 0.8 ± 0.09 relative amount of iNOS mRNA ; rAAV-LacZ , 0.45 ± 0.05 relative amount of iNOS mRNA ) . Conclusion Our study suggests that rAAV-VEGF gene transfer may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes after thermal injury OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) combined with topical oxygen therapy for  deep II degree burn wounds  , by comparing the effects of bFGF combined with topical oxygen therapy and bFGF with routine therapy . METHODS From February 2004 to July 2009 , 85 patients with deep II degree burn wounds ( 117 wounds ) were enrolled and divided into 4 groups r and omly according to different treatments . There was no significant difference in sex , age , disease course , wound size , and wound treatment size among 4 groups ( P > 0.05 ) . In group A , 18 patients ( 28 wounds ) were treated routinely ; in group B , 23 patients ( 30 wounds ) were treated with routine methods and topical oxygen therapy ; in group C , 19 patients ( 25 wounds ) were treated with routine methods and bFGF therapy ; and in group D , 25 patients ( 34 wounds ) were treated with routine methods and bFGF/topical oxygen therapy . Topical oxygen therapy was administered to the wound for 90 minutes per day for 3 weeks . The bFGF therapy was applied everyday ( 150 U/cm2 ) for 3 weeks . RESULTS All cases were followed up 6 - 12 months ( 9 months on average ) . The wound healing times in groups A , B , C , and D were ( 27.3 + /- 6.6 ) , ( 24.2 + /- 5.8 ) , ( 22.2 + /- 6.8 ) , and ( 18.2 + /- 4.8 ) days , respectively ; showing significant difference between group A and group D ( P < 0.05 ) . The wound healing rates in groups A , B , C , and D were 67.8 % + /- 12.1 % , 85.1 % + /- 7.5 % , 89.2 % + /- 8.3 % , and 96.1 % + /- 5.6 % , respectively ; showing significant differences between group A and groups B , C , D ( P < 0.05 ) . The therapic effective rates in groups A , B , C , and D were 75 % , 90 % , 92 % , and 100 % , respectively ; showing significant difference between group A and group D ( P < 0.05 ) . The Vancouver scar scale scoring of group D 6 months after treatment was better than that of group A ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The bFGF combined with topical oxygen therapy can enhance deep II degree burn wound healing . Furthermore , the therapy method is simple and convenient Wound healing is a dynamic and complex biologic process that could be accelerated by growth factors . To investigate the efficacy of topical recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor ( rh-aFGF ) treatment in deep partial-thickness burn or skin graft donor sites , we design ed a r and omized , multicenter , double-blind , and placebo-controlled clinical trial . The healing rate , fully healed rate , and healing time were evaluated to assess the efficacy of rh-aFGF application . Laboratory examinations and abnormal signs were used to assess the side and toxic effects . The results showed that the healing rate of burn wounds and skin graft donor sites treated by rh-aFGF was significantly higher than that by placebo , and the mean healed time of burn wounds and skin graft donor sites in the rh-aFGF group was significantly the shorter than that in the placebo group . In conclusion , topical administration of rh-aFGF can accelerate the wound healing process and shorten the healed time . It is a potential therapeutic application for promoting healing of deep partial-thickness burns or skin graft donor sites OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and long-term effect of recombinant human epithelial growth factor ( rhEGF 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Autologous Preparation Rich in Growth Factors ( PRGF ) , a small volume of plasma enriched in platelets , is a novel therapeutic strategy for the acceleration of the wound healing of a wide range of tissues because of the continuous release of multiple growth factors , including PDGF-AB , TGF-beta1 , IGF-I , HGF , VEGF-A , and EGF . In this article , we have characterized the PRGF preparation and design ed a r and omized open-label controlled pilot trial to evaluate the effectiveness of PRGF in the treatment of chronic cutaneous ulcers . Results showed that at 8 weeks , the mean percentage of surface healed in the  PRGF  group was 72.94 % + /- 22.25 % whereas it was 21.48 % + /- 33.56 % in the control group ( p < 0.05 ) . These results , with the limitations of a pilot study , suggest that topical application of PRGF is more effective than st and ard therapy in helping a chronic ulcer to heal Basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) has been shown to promote wound healing . The present trial evaluated the clinical efficacy of bFGF for diabetic ulcer , a type of refractory skin ulcer , and the dose-response relationship . This was design ed as a r and omized , double-blind , dose-ranging , placebo-controlled trial . A total of 150 patients with non-ischaemic diabetic ulcers measuring 900 mm2 or less were r and omized into a placebo group ( n = 51 ) , a 0.001 % bFGF group ( n = 49 ) and a 0.01 % bFGF group ( n = 50 ) , and 148 of these patients received treatment for 8 weeks or less . The efficacy evaluation was carried out on 139 patients who met the protocol in this trial . The primary outcome was the percentage of patients showing 75 % or greater reductions in the area of ulcer . The area of ulcer decreased by 75 % or more in 57.5 % ( 27/47 ) , 72.3 % ( 34/47 ) , and 82.2 % ( 37/45 ) in the placebo , 0.001 % bFGF and 0.01 % bFGF groups , respectively , and differences were significant between the 0.01 % bFGF and placebo groups ( p = 0.025 ) . The cure rate was 46.8 % ( 22/47 ) , 57.4 % ( 27/47 ) , and 66.7 % ( 30/45 ) in the placebo , 0.001 % bFGF and 0.01 % bFGF groups , respectively . The findings obtained in this trial showed wound healing accelerating effects of bFGF on diabetic ulcers OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF ) hydrogel on the healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds . METHODS Ninety three wounds of 65 burn patients who suffered from a deep partial thickness burn of < 5 % TBSA and could not heal over 3 weeks were included in this study . The patients were r and omly assigned to use rhGM-CSF hydrogel ( GC group , n=32 ) or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF ( control group , n=33 ) . rhGM-CSF hydrogel or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF was topically applied to the wounds , the dressing was changed once a day . Wound healing time and percentage , wound discharge , periwound inflammation , the positive wound swabs culture count , and adverse drug reactions were observed and compared between two groups . RESULTS Healing time was 12.2 ± 5.0 days after the application of rhGM-CSF hydrogel . This was significantly shorter than that of control wounds ( 15.5 ± 4.7 days ) . Healing percentage at 14 days in the rhGM-CSF-treated wounds was 97.5 ± 7.7 % , which was markedly higher than the control ( 85.9 ± 6.8 % ) . At 3 , 6 , 12 , 14 day , the GC group was significantly superior to the control group with respect to the score of periwound inflammation , wound purulence and discharge . The positive wound swabs culture count of the GC group on the 7th and 14th day post-treatment was 14 and 4 , respectively , which was significantly lower than the control . CONCLUSION rhGM-CSF hydrogel promotes the healing process of deep partial thickness burns effectively . No adverse reaction of the drug was observed during the study Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process . The efficacy and safety of a recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF ) hydrogel to promote deep-second-degree burn wound healing is evaluated in this study . In this multicenter , r and omized , double-blind , and placebo-controlled clinical trial , 90 patients with deep second-degree burns were r and omly assigned into two groups . Complete healing time and percentage of wound healing at different time points were observed and side effects were recorded . A statistically significant difference was noted at each time point ( p<0.01 ) . No side effects were observed . These results suggest that rhGM-CSF hydrogel can significantly accelerate deep second-degree burn wound healing and is considered to be safe BACKGROUND AIMS Stem cells , namely easily accessible bone marrow-derived cells ( BMC ) , are reportedly capable of tissue repair in different damaged organs and might favor wound healing . The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and safety of BMC mobilization induced by granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) in patients undergoing surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal cysts ( SPC ) . To evaluate the possible clinical benefit of G-CSF in reducing the time to complete resolution , a comparison with a control group receiving surgery without G-CSF was performed . METHODS Eight patients with complex SPC were included in this prospect i ve trial . Patients were treated with G-CSF ( 5 µg/kg b.i.d . ) for 3 consecutive days ; st and ard surgical exeresis of the pilonidal cyst was scheduled on day 2 of mobilization . Mobilization was assessed in terms of circulating CD34(+ ) cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit ( CFU-GM ) progenitors . RESULTS Mobilization of CD34(+ ) cells and CFU-GM occurred in all patients , along with a marked increase in white blood cells ( median peak value 28 435/µL , day 3 ) . G-CSF was well tolerated and no adverse events occurred . All patients received the planned surgical treatment without any complications . Interestingly , the G-CSF group patients had a median time to resolution ( 117 days , range 110 - 130 ) significantly shorter than control patients ( 145 days , range 118 - 168 ) ( P = 0.034 ) . CONCLUSIONS G-CSF administration , along with BMC mobilization , is feasible and well tolerated in patients undergoing surgery for SPC ; clinical results compare favorably with those observed in controls not receiving G-CSF ; the results suggest the potential use of G-CSF as an additional treatment to accelerate wound healing in patients undergoing surgery Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant adeno-associated viral ( rAAV ) vector-mediated human vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF165 ) transfer on experimental burn wounds . Design R and omized experiment . Setting Research laboratory . SubjectsC57BL/6 male mice weighing 25–30 g. Interventions Mice were immersed in 80 ° C water for 10 secs to achieve a partial-thickness scald burn . Animals were r and omized to receive at two injection sites on the edge of the burn either 1011 copies of the rAAV-VEGF165 or the vector carrying the control and inert gene & bgr;-galactosidase ( rAAV-LacZ ) . On day 14 the animals were killed . Burn areas were used for histologic examination , evaluation of VEGF expression ( immunohistochemistry ) and VEGF wound content ( enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ) , determination of wound nitrite , and measurement of messenger RNA ( mRNA ) for endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS and iNOS ) . Measurements and Main Results rAAV-VEGF165 increased epithelial proliferation , angiogenesis , and maturation of the extracellular matrix . Furthermore , gene transfer enhanced VEGF expression , studied by immunohistochemistry , and the wound content of the mature protein ( rAAV-LacZ , 11 ± 5 pg/wound ; rAAV-VEGF165 , 104 ± 7 pg/wound ) . Moreover , VEGF165 gene transfer increased wound content of nitrate . Finally , rAAV-VEGF165 administration enhanced the messenger RNA for eNOS ( rAAV-VEGF165 , 1.1 ± 0.2 relative amount of eNOS mRNA ; rAAV-LacZ , 0.66 ± 0.3 relative amount of eNOS mRNA ) and iNOS ( rAAV-VEGF165 , 0.8 ± 0.09 relative amount of iNOS mRNA ; rAAV-LacZ , 0.45 ± 0.05 relative amount of iNOS mRNA ) . Conclusion Our study suggests that rAAV-VEGF gene transfer may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes after thermal injury OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) combined with topical oxygen therapy for  deep II degree burn wounds  , by comparing the effects of bFGF combined with topical oxygen therapy and bFGF with routine therapy . METHODS From February 2004 to July 2009 , 85 patients with deep II degree burn wounds ( 117 wounds ) were enrolled and divided into 4 groups r and omly according to different treatments . There was no significant difference in sex , age , disease course , wound size , and wound treatment size among 4 groups ( P > 0.05 ) . In group A , 18 patients ( 28 wounds ) were treated routinely ; in group B , 23 patients ( 30 wounds ) were treated with routine methods and topical oxygen therapy ; in group C , 19 patients ( 25 wounds ) were treated with routine methods and bFGF therapy ; and in group D , 25 patients ( 34 wounds ) were treated with routine methods and bFGF/topical oxygen therapy . Topical oxygen therapy was administered to the wound for 90 minutes per day for 3 weeks . The bFGF therapy was applied everyday ( 150 U/cm2 ) for 3 weeks . RESULTS All cases were followed up 6 - 12 months ( 9 months on average ) . The wound healing times in groups A , B , C , and D were ( 27.3 + /- 6.6 ) , ( 24.2 + /- 5.8 ) , ( 22.2 + /- 6.8 ) , and ( 18.2 + /- 4.8 ) days , respectively ; showing significant difference between group A and group D ( P < 0.05 ) . The wound healing rates in groups A , B , C , and D were 67.8 % + /- 12.1 % , 85.1 % + /- 7.5 % , 89.2 % + /- 8.3 % , and 96.1 % + /- 5.6 % , respectively ; showing significant differences between group A and groups B , C , D ( P < 0.05 ) . The therapic effective rates in groups A , B , C , and D were 75 % , 90 % , 92 % , and 100 % , respectively ; showing significant difference between group A and group D ( P < 0.05 ) . The Vancouver scar scale scoring of group D 6 months after treatment was better than that of group A ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The bFGF combined with topical oxygen therapy can enhance deep II degree burn wound healing . Furthermore , the therapy method is simple and convenient Wound healing is a dynamic and complex biologic process that could be accelerated by growth factors . To investigate the efficacy of topical recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor ( rh-aFGF ) treatment in deep partial-thickness burn or skin graft donor sites , we design ed a r and omized , multicenter , double-blind , and placebo-controlled clinical trial . The healing rate , fully healed rate , and healing time were evaluated to assess the efficacy of rh-aFGF application . Laboratory examinations and abnormal signs were used to assess the side and toxic effects . The results showed that the healing rate of burn wounds and skin graft donor sites treated by rh-aFGF was significantly higher than that by placebo , and the mean healed time of burn wounds and skin graft donor sites in the rh-aFGF group was significantly the shorter than that in the placebo group . In conclusion , topical administration of rh-aFGF can accelerate the wound healing process and shorten the healed time . It is a potential therapeutic application for promoting healing of deep partial-thickness burns or skin graft donor sites OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and long-term effect of recombinant human epithelial growth factor ( rhEGF 
    Output:
    