human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The aim of periodontal therapy is to prevent tissue destruction while achieving the regeneration of damaged tissues . Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) is used to generate new bone , periodontal ligament , and new attachment with a strategy based on the modulation and enhancement of wound healing through an autologous source for growth factors obtained from the patient 's own blood . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP when used in combination with beta-tricalcium phosphate ( beta-TCP ) alloplastic graft material and collagen barrier membrane in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects . METHODS Thirty interproximal intrabony defects in 25 systemically healthy patients were selected for the study . Defects were distributed r and omly and equally into three groups : graft alone ( beta-TCP ) , graft + PRP , and graft + PRP + membrane . The plaque index , gingival index , periodontal probing depth , relative attachment level , transgingival probing measurement , and radiographic analyses were performed at baseline and repeated after 6 , 9 , and 12 months . RESULTS At the end of 12 months , relative attachment gain was 2.4 , 2.1 , and 2.5 mm in the three treatment groups , respectively . No statistically significant differences in clinical and radiographic measurements were observed among the groups . CONCLUSIONS All options were effective in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects . The results also suggested that PRP added no clinical benefit to beta-TCP alloplastic graft material used alone or in combination with GTR OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of autogenous platelet concentrate ( APC ) on the long-term regeneration outcome 7 years after  guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) in deep intrabony periodontal defects . MATERIAL AND METHODS In 25 patients , two deep contra-lateral intrabony defects were treated according to GTR  ( r and omized split-mouth- design ) . In the test defects , APC was additionally applied . After 7 years , healing results were assessed clinical ly by a blinded examiner and compared to baseline and 12-months results . Furthermore , a tooth survival analysis was performed . RESULTS After 7 years , 23 patients were available for survival analysis and 16 patients for split-mouth analysis ; 84 % of the test and control teeth were still in situ . In both groups , the median attachment level of 10.5 mm [ ( 25/75 % ) : test 9.0/13.0 , control 10.0/12.0 ] at baseline was significantly ( p ≤ 0.05 ) reduced to 6.0 mm [ test 4.0/6.8 , control 5.0/7.0 ] after 1 year . Six years later , it had increased again to 7.0 mm in test sites [ 5.3/10.0 ] ( p ≤ 0.05 ) and had remained stable in control sites [ 5.0/7.8 ] ( p > 0.05 ) . Bleeding on Probing ( BOP ) had increased in both groups . During the last 6 years , only 26 % of the patients received a structured supportive periodontal therapy in the clinic . CONCLUSION Within its limitations , the present study indicates that the clinical outcome of GTR therapy can be maintained over 7 years . However , the additional use of APC may even have a possibly negative influence on the long-term stability PURPOSE Obtaining an answer to the question whether autogenous bone in combination with PRP give a therapeutical effect in the form of periodontal ligament attachment regeneration . Defining the degree of elimination of a convenient environment for subgingival bacterial plaque by reduction of periodontal pocket depth and periodontitis . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six systematic ally healthy patients with diagnosed chronic and advanced periodontitis ( 24 females and 2 males ) were selected for the study . In general 72 periodontal infrabony pockets were treated . Clinical ly the following indexes were examined and measured : 1 . Plaque Index by Silness and Löe . 2 . Sulcus Bleeding Index by  Mühlemann  and Son . 3 . Clinical Attachment Level ( mm ) . 4 . Pocket Depth ( mm ) . 5 . Gingival Recession ( mm ) . 6 . Tooth mobility with the use of Periotest . 7 . Degree of alveolar bone loss with the use of Engelberger , Marthaler and Rateitschak index - EMR Index . RESULTS At 12 months after treatment the following results were noted : Mean value of attachment level regeneration 3.47 mm . Mean value of pocket depth decreased by 3.7 mm . Mean value of tooth mobility reduction by 48.3 % . Megeneration of alveolar bone by 9.24 % . CONCLUSIONS 1 . Autogenous bone with added PRP in treatment of intrabony defects caused by periodontitis have given significant clinical improvement of the periodontal tissues . 2 . The combination of PRP and autogenous bone caused the elimination of a convenient environment for subgingival bacterial plaque eliminating periodontitis The use of platelet rich plasma ( PRP ) gel in combination with torus m and ibularis offers a potentially useful treatment for periodontal osseous defects . Whether this combination enhances the outcome of periodontal regenerative therapy is not known . This study compared the effectiveness of torus m and ibularis bone chips alone and when combined with autogenous PRP gel in treating periodontal osseous defects . 24 sites from 12 patients were selected using a split mouth design and determined by a double-blind , r and omized , controlled clinical trial . Both sites received a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap ; one intrabony defect was filled with torus m and ibularis bone chips alone and the other with torus m and ibularis bone chips mixed with PRP gel . There was a 57 % gain in the clinical attachment level and 60 % reduction in the probing depth for torus m and ibularis alone compared to 72 % and 68 % for sites treated with torus m and ibularis and PRP gel ( p ≤ 0.01 ) . There was a statistically significant difference in the bone dentistry and the marginal bone loss at sites with PRP gel compared to those without gel ( p ≤ 0.01 ) . The use of m and ibular tori as autogenous bone graft combined with PRP gel showed a significant improvement in the clinical outcome of periodontal therapy than m and ibular tori alone BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal therapy with a combination of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) + an anorganic bovine bone mineral ( ABBM ) + guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) has been shown to result in significantly higher probing depth reductions and clinical attachment level gains compared to treatment with open flap debridement ( OFD ) alone , ABBM alone , or GTR alone . However , there are no data evaluating to what extent the use of PRP may additionally enhance the clinical outcome of the therapy compared to treatment with ABBM + GTR . This study aim ed to clinical ly evaluate the effect of PRP on the healing of deep intrabony defects treated with ABBM and GTR by means of a non-resorbable exp and ed polytetrafluoroethylene ( ePTFE ) membrane . METHODS Twenty-four patients with advanced chronic periodontal disease and displaying one intrabony defect were r and omly treated with a combination of either PRP + ABBM + GTR or ABBM + GTR . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) , and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . The primary outcome variable was CAL . RESULTS No differences in any of the studied parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups . Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the sites treated with PRP + ABBM + GTR showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.6 + /- 1.7 mm to 3.1 + /- 1.3 mm ( P < 0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.3 + /- 1.4 mm to 5.7 + /- 1.6 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . In the group treated with ABBM + GTR , mean PD was reduced from 8.8 + /- 1.7 mm to 3.1 + /- 1.0 mm ( P < 0.001 ) , and the mean CAL changed from 10.4 + /- 2.6 mm to 5.9 + /- 1.8 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . In both groups , all sites gained > or =3 mm of CAL . CAL gains > or = 4 mm were measured in 83 % ( i.e. , in 10 of 12 defects ) of the cases treated with PRP + ABBM + GTR and in 92 % ( i.e. , in 11 of 12 defects ) treated with ABBM + GTR . No statistically significant differences in any of the studied parameters were observed between the two groups at 1-year reevaluation . CONCLUSION Within its limits , the present study has shown that , at 1 year after regenerative therapy in periodontal intrabony defects , optimal clinical results were obtained with ABBM + GTR with a non-resorbable barrier , with or without the addition of PRP BACKGROUND The topical use of platelet concentrates is recent , and its efficiency remains controversial . The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich fibrin ( PRF ) and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis . METHODS Ninety intrabony defects were treated with either autologous PRF with open-flap debridement or autologous PRP with open-flap debridement or open-flap debridement alone .  Clinical and radiologic parameters , such as probing depth ( PD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , intrabony defect depth , and percentage defect fill , were recorded at baseline and 9 months postoperatively . RESULTS Mean PD reduction and CAL gain were greater in PRF ( 3.77 ± 1.19 and 3.17 ± 1.29 mm ) and PRP ( 3.77 ± 1.07 and 2.93 ± 1.08 mm ) groups than the control group ( 2.97 ± 0.93 and 2.83 ± 0.91 mm ) . Furthermore , significantly greater percentage of mean bone fill was found in the PRF ( 55.41 % ± 11.39 % ) and PRP ( 56.85 % ± 14.01 % ) groups compared with the control ( 1.56 % ± 15.12 % ) group . CONCLUSIONS Within the limit of the present study , there was similar PD reduction , CAL gain , and bone fill at sites treated with PRF or PRP with conventional open-flap debridement . Because PRF is less time consuming and less technique sensitive , it may seem a better treatment option than PRP . However , long-term , multicenter r and omized , controlled clinical trials will be required to know their clinical and radiographic effects on bone regeneration BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal surgery utilizing a combination of an enamel matrix protein derivative ( EMD ) and a natural bone mineral ( NBM ) and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) has been shown to enhance the outcomes of regenerative surgery significantly . At present , it is unknown whether root conditioning with EMD , followed by defect fill with a combination of NBM+PRP may additionally enhance the clinical results obtained with EMD+NBM . AIM To compare clinical ly the treatment of deep intrabony defects with either EMD+NBM+PRP or EMD+NBM . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six patients suffering from advanced chronic periodontitis , and each of whom displayed one advanced intrabony defect were r and omly treated with either EMD+NBM+PRP ( test ) or EMD+NBM ( control ) . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . The primary outcome variable was CAL . RESULTS Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the test sites showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.8+/-1.9 mm to 3.1+/-0.9 mm ( p<0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.8+/-2.0 mm to 6.0+/-1.5 mm ( p<0.001 ) . In the control group the mean PD was reduced from 8.8+/-2.0 mm to 2.8+/-1.6 mm ( p<0.001 ) and the mean CAL changed from 10.5+/-1.6 mm to 5.5+/-1.4 mm ( p<0.001 ) . CAL gains of > or = 4 mm were measured in 77 % ( i.e. in 10 out of 13 defects ) of the cases treated with EMD+NBM+PRP and in 100 % ( i.e. in all 13 defects ) treated with EMD+NBM . No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Within its limits , the present study has shown that ( i ) 1 year after regenerative surgery , both treatments result ed in statistically significant PD reductions and CAL 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The aim of periodontal therapy is to prevent tissue destruction while achieving the regeneration of damaged tissues . Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) is used to generate new bone , periodontal ligament , and new attachment with a strategy based on the modulation and enhancement of wound healing through an autologous source for growth factors obtained from the patient 's own blood . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP when used in combination with beta-tricalcium phosphate ( beta-TCP ) alloplastic graft material and collagen barrier membrane in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects . METHODS Thirty interproximal intrabony defects in 25 systemically healthy patients were selected for the study . Defects were distributed r and omly and equally into three groups : graft alone ( beta-TCP ) , graft + PRP , and graft + PRP + membrane . The plaque index , gingival index , periodontal probing depth , relative attachment level , transgingival probing measurement , and radiographic analyses were performed at baseline and repeated after 6 , 9 , and 12 months . RESULTS At the end of 12 months , relative attachment gain was 2.4 , 2.1 , and 2.5 mm in the three treatment groups , respectively . No statistically significant differences in clinical and radiographic measurements were observed among the groups . CONCLUSIONS All options were effective in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects . The results also suggested that PRP added no clinical benefit to beta-TCP alloplastic graft material used alone or in combination with GTR OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of autogenous platelet concentrate ( APC ) on the long-term regeneration outcome 7 years after  guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) in deep intrabony periodontal defects . MATERIAL AND METHODS In 25 patients , two deep contra-lateral intrabony defects were treated according to GTR  ( r and omized split-mouth- design ) . In the test defects , APC was additionally applied . After 7 years , healing results were assessed clinical ly by a blinded examiner and compared to baseline and 12-months results . Furthermore , a tooth survival analysis was performed . RESULTS After 7 years , 23 patients were available for survival analysis and 16 patients for split-mouth analysis ; 84 % of the test and control teeth were still in situ . In both groups , the median attachment level of 10.5 mm [ ( 25/75 % ) : test 9.0/13.0 , control 10.0/12.0 ] at baseline was significantly ( p ≤ 0.05 ) reduced to 6.0 mm [ test 4.0/6.8 , control 5.0/7.0 ] after 1 year . Six years later , it had increased again to 7.0 mm in test sites [ 5.3/10.0 ] ( p ≤ 0.05 ) and had remained stable in control sites [ 5.0/7.8 ] ( p > 0.05 ) . Bleeding on Probing ( BOP ) had increased in both groups . During the last 6 years , only 26 % of the patients received a structured supportive periodontal therapy in the clinic . CONCLUSION Within its limitations , the present study indicates that the clinical outcome of GTR therapy can be maintained over 7 years . However , the additional use of APC may even have a possibly negative influence on the long-term stability PURPOSE Obtaining an answer to the question whether autogenous bone in combination with PRP give a therapeutical effect in the form of periodontal ligament attachment regeneration . Defining the degree of elimination of a convenient environment for subgingival bacterial plaque by reduction of periodontal pocket depth and periodontitis . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six systematic ally healthy patients with diagnosed chronic and advanced periodontitis ( 24 females and 2 males ) were selected for the study . In general 72 periodontal infrabony pockets were treated . Clinical ly the following indexes were examined and measured : 1 . Plaque Index by Silness and Löe . 2 . Sulcus Bleeding Index by  Mühlemann  and Son . 3 . Clinical Attachment Level ( mm ) . 4 . Pocket Depth ( mm ) . 5 . Gingival Recession ( mm ) . 6 . Tooth mobility with the use of Periotest . 7 . Degree of alveolar bone loss with the use of Engelberger , Marthaler and Rateitschak index - EMR Index . RESULTS At 12 months after treatment the following results were noted : Mean value of attachment level regeneration 3.47 mm . Mean value of pocket depth decreased by 3.7 mm . Mean value of tooth mobility reduction by 48.3 % . Megeneration of alveolar bone by 9.24 % . CONCLUSIONS 1 . Autogenous bone with added PRP in treatment of intrabony defects caused by periodontitis have given significant clinical improvement of the periodontal tissues . 2 . The combination of PRP and autogenous bone caused the elimination of a convenient environment for subgingival bacterial plaque eliminating periodontitis The use of platelet rich plasma ( PRP ) gel in combination with torus m and ibularis offers a potentially useful treatment for periodontal osseous defects . Whether this combination enhances the outcome of periodontal regenerative therapy is not known . This study compared the effectiveness of torus m and ibularis bone chips alone and when combined with autogenous PRP gel in treating periodontal osseous defects . 24 sites from 12 patients were selected using a split mouth design and determined by a double-blind , r and omized , controlled clinical trial . Both sites received a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap ; one intrabony defect was filled with torus m and ibularis bone chips alone and the other with torus m and ibularis bone chips mixed with PRP gel . There was a 57 % gain in the clinical attachment level and 60 % reduction in the probing depth for torus m and ibularis alone compared to 72 % and 68 % for sites treated with torus m and ibularis and PRP gel ( p ≤ 0.01 ) . There was a statistically significant difference in the bone dentistry and the marginal bone loss at sites with PRP gel compared to those without gel ( p ≤ 0.01 ) . The use of m and ibular tori as autogenous bone graft combined with PRP gel showed a significant improvement in the clinical outcome of periodontal therapy than m and ibular tori alone BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal therapy with a combination of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) + an anorganic bovine bone mineral ( ABBM ) + guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) has been shown to result in significantly higher probing depth reductions and clinical attachment level gains compared to treatment with open flap debridement ( OFD ) alone , ABBM alone , or GTR alone . However , there are no data evaluating to what extent the use of PRP may additionally enhance the clinical outcome of the therapy compared to treatment with ABBM + GTR . This study aim ed to clinical ly evaluate the effect of PRP on the healing of deep intrabony defects treated with ABBM and GTR by means of a non-resorbable exp and ed polytetrafluoroethylene ( ePTFE ) membrane . METHODS Twenty-four patients with advanced chronic periodontal disease and displaying one intrabony defect were r and omly treated with a combination of either PRP + ABBM + GTR or ABBM + GTR . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) , and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . The primary outcome variable was CAL . RESULTS No differences in any of the studied parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups . Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the sites treated with PRP + ABBM + GTR showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.6 + /- 1.7 mm to 3.1 + /- 1.3 mm ( P < 0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.3 + /- 1.4 mm to 5.7 + /- 1.6 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . In the group treated with ABBM + GTR , mean PD was reduced from 8.8 + /- 1.7 mm to 3.1 + /- 1.0 mm ( P < 0.001 ) , and the mean CAL changed from 10.4 + /- 2.6 mm to 5.9 + /- 1.8 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . In both groups , all sites gained > or =3 mm of CAL . CAL gains > or = 4 mm were measured in 83 % ( i.e. , in 10 of 12 defects ) of the cases treated with PRP + ABBM + GTR and in 92 % ( i.e. , in 11 of 12 defects ) treated with ABBM + GTR . No statistically significant differences in any of the studied parameters were observed between the two groups at 1-year reevaluation . CONCLUSION Within its limits , the present study has shown that , at 1 year after regenerative therapy in periodontal intrabony defects , optimal clinical results were obtained with ABBM + GTR with a non-resorbable barrier , with or without the addition of PRP BACKGROUND The topical use of platelet concentrates is recent , and its efficiency remains controversial . The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich fibrin ( PRF ) and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis . METHODS Ninety intrabony defects were treated with either autologous PRF with open-flap debridement or autologous PRP with open-flap debridement or open-flap debridement alone .  Clinical and radiologic parameters , such as probing depth ( PD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , intrabony defect depth , and percentage defect fill , were recorded at baseline and 9 months postoperatively . RESULTS Mean PD reduction and CAL gain were greater in PRF ( 3.77 ± 1.19 and 3.17 ± 1.29 mm ) and PRP ( 3.77 ± 1.07 and 2.93 ± 1.08 mm ) groups than the control group ( 2.97 ± 0.93 and 2.83 ± 0.91 mm ) . Furthermore , significantly greater percentage of mean bone fill was found in the PRF ( 55.41 % ± 11.39 % ) and PRP ( 56.85 % ± 14.01 % ) groups compared with the control ( 1.56 % ± 15.12 % ) group . CONCLUSIONS Within the limit of the present study , there was similar PD reduction , CAL gain , and bone fill at sites treated with PRF or PRP with conventional open-flap debridement . Because PRF is less time consuming and less technique sensitive , it may seem a better treatment option than PRP . However , long-term , multicenter r and omized , controlled clinical trials will be required to know their clinical and radiographic effects on bone regeneration BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal surgery utilizing a combination of an enamel matrix protein derivative ( EMD ) and a natural bone mineral ( NBM ) and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) has been shown to enhance the outcomes of regenerative surgery significantly . At present , it is unknown whether root conditioning with EMD , followed by defect fill with a combination of NBM+PRP may additionally enhance the clinical results obtained with EMD+NBM . AIM To compare clinical ly the treatment of deep intrabony defects with either EMD+NBM+PRP or EMD+NBM . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six patients suffering from advanced chronic periodontitis , and each of whom displayed one advanced intrabony defect were r and omly treated with either EMD+NBM+PRP ( test ) or EMD+NBM ( control ) . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . The primary outcome variable was CAL . RESULTS Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the test sites showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.8+/-1.9 mm to 3.1+/-0.9 mm ( p<0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.8+/-2.0 mm to 6.0+/-1.5 mm ( p<0.001 ) . In the control group the mean PD was reduced from 8.8+/-2.0 mm to 2.8+/-1.6 mm ( p<0.001 ) and the mean CAL changed from 10.5+/-1.6 mm to 5.5+/-1.4 mm ( p<0.001 ) . CAL gains of > or = 4 mm were measured in 77 % ( i.e. in 10 out of 13 defects ) of the cases treated with EMD+NBM+PRP and in 100 % ( i.e. in all 13 defects ) treated with EMD+NBM . No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Within its limits , the present study has shown that ( i ) 1 year after regenerative surgery , both treatments result ed in statistically significant PD reductions and CAL 
    Output:
    