human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: AIM To compare healing responses to periosteal sliding grafts and polyglactin 910 periodontal mesh used as guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) material s/techniques when both periapical and periradicular bone loss are present . METHODOLOGY Thirty patients with suppurative chronic apical periodontitis with apicomarginal communication were selected and allocated r and omly into two groups according to the barrier technique to be used during periradicular surgery : periosteal graft group ( n = 15 ) and bioabsorbable membrane group ( n = 15 ) . Clinical and radiological evaluations were completed prior to surgery , a week later and every 3 months after surgery up to 12 months to measure the periodontal pocket depth ( PD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , gingival margin position ( GMP ) , size of periapical lesion , percentage reduction of the periapical rarefaction , and periapical healing . RESULTS Both groups showed highly significant ( P < 0.001 ) reductions in periodontal PD , CAL and size of periapical lesion at 12 months whilst GMP was unaltered . No significant difference between the experimental groups was evident for these parameters , or for the percentage reduction of size of the periapical lesion and clinical -radiographic healing . CONCLUSION Guided tissue regeneration applied to apicomarginal defects using sliding periosteal grafts and use of bioabsorbable membranes led to similar enhancements of the clinical outcome of periradicular surgery in terms of periapical healing , gain of periodontal support , PD reduction and minimal recession of the gingival margin AIM This r and omized , controlled , clinical study was design ed to evaluate the adjunctive effect of calcium sulphate grafts on the surgical treatment of through and through periradicular lesions . METHODOLOGY Twenty patients each with one tooth showing evidence radiologically of a periradicular lesion wider than 10 mm , with lack of both buccal and lingual cortical bony plates and an indication for surgery were selected for the study . Ten teeth were treated with apicectomy , root-end filling and grafting of the bone defect with calcium sulphate prior to suturing ( test group ) . The other 10 teeth received the same surgical therapy but no grafting with calcium sulphate ( control group ) . The outcome of the healing process was evaluated at 6 and 12 months radiographically following the criteria reported by Rud and And reasen . RESULTS At the six- and 12-month evaluation the test group had seven teeth with complete healing and two with incomplete healing , whilst the control group showed three teeth with complete healing , five with incomplete healing and one with unsatisfactory healing . One tooth in each group had to be extracted because of a vertical fracture that occurred during the follow-up period . CONCLUSIONS The results of the study demonstrate that the addition of calcium sulphate as a bone graft during the conventional surgical treatment of through and through lesions improves the clinical outcome . Histological analysis is desirable to investigate the quality of tissues formed using the two surgical procedures PURPOSE Periapical surgery eliminates the periradicular inflammatory tissue and seals the apical foramen . The present study relates the radiologic size of the periapical lesion , apical resection , and retro grade filling to the middle- and long-term success of periapical surgery . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In a prospect i ve study , 235 patients and 333 teeth were subjected to ultrasound instrumentation and retro grade filling with silver amalgam .  Radiographic measurements were made of the maximum and minimum diameters of 320 periapical lesions before surgery . In the 384 apicoectomized roots , calculations were made of the eliminated apical portion , and in 526 root canals the magnitude of retro grade filling was determined . The patients were subjected to a minimum follow-up period of 12 months , with a mean of 27.8 months ( range 12 months to 10 years ) . RESULTS Global evaluation showed a success rate of 73.9 % after 12 months . The mean periapical area before surgery was 37 mm(2 ) ( maximum diameter , 7.4 mm ; minimum diameter , 5 mm ) . The mean apical resection was 6.48 mm(2 ) ( height , 2.7 mm ; base , 2.4 mm ) . The mean area of the retro grade cavities was 3.05 mm(2 ) ( long side , 2.25 mm ; short side , 1.1 mm ) . A positive correlation was observed between the dimensions of the lesion and apical resection with the treatment failure . None of the dimensions of the filling cavity was related to treatment failure . CONCLUSION The prognosis of periapical surgery improves with decreasing periapical lesion size and lesser apical resection , and is not dependent on the magnitude of retro grade filling INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to compare the healing responses of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) , PRP + a collagen sponge , and a collagen membrane used as guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) material s for the treatment of apicomarginal defects . METHODS Thirty patients with suppurative chronic apical periodontitis and apicomarginal communication were selected and allocated r and omly into three groups according to the barrier technique to be used during periradicular surgery : the collagen membrane group , the PRP group , and the PRP + collagen sponge group .  Clinical and radiographic measurements were determined at baseline and every 3 months after surgery up to 1 year . Cases were defined as healed when no clinical signs or symptoms were present , and radiographs showed complete or incomplete ( scar tissue ) healing of previous radiolucencies . RESULTS The PRP and PRP + collagen sponge groups depicted 83.33 % and 88.89 % healing , respectively , in terms of combined clinical -radiographic healing as compared with 80 % in the collagen membrane group . All the three treatments showed highly significant ( P < .05 ) reductions in the periodontal pocket depth ( PD ) , the clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , the gingival margin position ( GMP ) , the size of the periapical lesion , the percentage reduction of the periapical rarefactions , and periapical healing . No significant differences between the three groups were evident for these parameters ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS GTR applied to apicomarginal defects using PRP or PRP + collagen sponge lead to similar enhancements of the clinical outcome of periradicular surgery in terms of periapical healing , gain of periodontal support , PD reduction , and PRP may be an alternative treatment for GTR membrane in the treatment of apicomarginal defects AIM The aim was to demonstrate the efficacy of two material s for bone regeneration during periradicular surgery and their effects on the healing of periapical tissues . METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight patients ( 30 surgical sites ) were selected and distributed into three groups : group A , conventional technique ; group B , conventional technique plus nonbioabsorbable GoreTex R Augmentation membrane ; and group C , conventional technique plus the same membrane placed over a synthetic bioactive resorbable graft of a hydroxylapatite ( OsteoGen ) product in the bony defect . Clinical and radiological evaluations were completed immediately prior to surgery , a week later and every 3 months after surgery up to 12 months . Two histological evaluations were performed ( at the beginning and at 12 months ) . RESULTS The results showed complete clinical and radiographic healing ( eight cases ) for group C , with histologic evidence of trabecular bone in all cases . For group B , six out of nine cases showed complete radiographic healing , incomplete in one case and uncertain in two cases , with histologic evidence of trabecular bone in five out of eight cases , scar tissue in one case and granuloma in two cases . For group A , there was complete radiographic healing in four out of nine cases , incomplete in four and unsuccessful in one case , with evidence of granuloma in four out of eight , scar tissue in two cases and trabecular bone in two cases . CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the conventional technique was less predictable in its healing response during the 12 months of this study . The use of bone regeneration material s , such as nonbioabsorbablemembranes and resorbable hydroxylapatite improved the predictability of clinical , radiographic and histological healing PURPOSE The purpose of this prospect i ve clinical trial was to monitor the outcomes of periradicular surgery in large periapical lesions with or without guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) and anorganic bovine bone . MATERIAL S AND METHODS All teeth in the study revealed a periradicular lesion measuring at least 10 mm . A total of 63 teeth in 44 patients were included according to specific selection criteria . In the test group , after root end filling was completed , the defect was filled with anorganic bovine bone and was covered with a resorbable collagen membrane . In the control group , neither graft nor membrane was used . RESULTS A total of 59 teeth in 41 patients were evaluable at 1-year follow-up . Of these , 24 teeth belonged to the test group and 35 to the control group . Overall , 46 teeth ( 78 % ) had successfully healed , 10 ( 16.9 % ) demonstrated uncertain healing , and 3 exhibited treatment failure . Investigators found no statistically significant differences in outcome between test and control groups . CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the use of GTR in association with anorganic bovine bone in the treatment of patients with large periradicular lesions of strictly endodontic origin has no beneficial effect on outcome The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to assess the outcome of periradicular surgery with or without guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) for the treatment of through- and -through lesions . Thirty-four teeth were included according to specific selection criteria . In the test group ( using GTR ) , after root-end filling , the defects were filled with anorganic bovine bone and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane .  Healing was assessed according to specific criteria and grade d as successful , doubtful , or failed . In the control group , neither grafts nor membranes were used . After 1 year , 31 teeth were evaluated . Of these , 22 ( 71 % ) healed successfully , 6 ( 19 % ) showed doubtful healing , and 2 were recorded as failures . The outcomes of the defects treated with  GTR  ( 88 % successful ) were significantly better than those of the control group ( 57 % successful ) . The present study showed that the use of GTR associated with anorganic bovine bone in the treatment of through- and -through lesions may positively affect the healing process 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: AIM To compare healing responses to periosteal sliding grafts and polyglactin 910 periodontal mesh used as guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) material s/techniques when both periapical and periradicular bone loss are present . METHODOLOGY Thirty patients with suppurative chronic apical periodontitis with apicomarginal communication were selected and allocated r and omly into two groups according to the barrier technique to be used during periradicular surgery : periosteal graft group ( n = 15 ) and bioabsorbable membrane group ( n = 15 ) . Clinical and radiological evaluations were completed prior to surgery , a week later and every 3 months after surgery up to 12 months to measure the periodontal pocket depth ( PD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , gingival margin position ( GMP ) , size of periapical lesion , percentage reduction of the periapical rarefaction , and periapical healing . RESULTS Both groups showed highly significant ( P < 0.001 ) reductions in periodontal PD , CAL and size of periapical lesion at 12 months whilst GMP was unaltered . No significant difference between the experimental groups was evident for these parameters , or for the percentage reduction of size of the periapical lesion and clinical -radiographic healing . CONCLUSION Guided tissue regeneration applied to apicomarginal defects using sliding periosteal grafts and use of bioabsorbable membranes led to similar enhancements of the clinical outcome of periradicular surgery in terms of periapical healing , gain of periodontal support , PD reduction and minimal recession of the gingival margin AIM This r and omized , controlled , clinical study was design ed to evaluate the adjunctive effect of calcium sulphate grafts on the surgical treatment of through and through periradicular lesions . METHODOLOGY Twenty patients each with one tooth showing evidence radiologically of a periradicular lesion wider than 10 mm , with lack of both buccal and lingual cortical bony plates and an indication for surgery were selected for the study . Ten teeth were treated with apicectomy , root-end filling and grafting of the bone defect with calcium sulphate prior to suturing ( test group ) . The other 10 teeth received the same surgical therapy but no grafting with calcium sulphate ( control group ) . The outcome of the healing process was evaluated at 6 and 12 months radiographically following the criteria reported by Rud and And reasen . RESULTS At the six- and 12-month evaluation the test group had seven teeth with complete healing and two with incomplete healing , whilst the control group showed three teeth with complete healing , five with incomplete healing and one with unsatisfactory healing . One tooth in each group had to be extracted because of a vertical fracture that occurred during the follow-up period . CONCLUSIONS The results of the study demonstrate that the addition of calcium sulphate as a bone graft during the conventional surgical treatment of through and through lesions improves the clinical outcome . Histological analysis is desirable to investigate the quality of tissues formed using the two surgical procedures PURPOSE Periapical surgery eliminates the periradicular inflammatory tissue and seals the apical foramen . The present study relates the radiologic size of the periapical lesion , apical resection , and retro grade filling to the middle- and long-term success of periapical surgery . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In a prospect i ve study , 235 patients and 333 teeth were subjected to ultrasound instrumentation and retro grade filling with silver amalgam .  Radiographic measurements were made of the maximum and minimum diameters of 320 periapical lesions before surgery . In the 384 apicoectomized roots , calculations were made of the eliminated apical portion , and in 526 root canals the magnitude of retro grade filling was determined . The patients were subjected to a minimum follow-up period of 12 months , with a mean of 27.8 months ( range 12 months to 10 years ) . RESULTS Global evaluation showed a success rate of 73.9 % after 12 months . The mean periapical area before surgery was 37 mm(2 ) ( maximum diameter , 7.4 mm ; minimum diameter , 5 mm ) . The mean apical resection was 6.48 mm(2 ) ( height , 2.7 mm ; base , 2.4 mm ) . The mean area of the retro grade cavities was 3.05 mm(2 ) ( long side , 2.25 mm ; short side , 1.1 mm ) . A positive correlation was observed between the dimensions of the lesion and apical resection with the treatment failure . None of the dimensions of the filling cavity was related to treatment failure . CONCLUSION The prognosis of periapical surgery improves with decreasing periapical lesion size and lesser apical resection , and is not dependent on the magnitude of retro grade filling INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to compare the healing responses of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) , PRP + a collagen sponge , and a collagen membrane used as guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) material s for the treatment of apicomarginal defects . METHODS Thirty patients with suppurative chronic apical periodontitis and apicomarginal communication were selected and allocated r and omly into three groups according to the barrier technique to be used during periradicular surgery : the collagen membrane group , the PRP group , and the PRP + collagen sponge group .  Clinical and radiographic measurements were determined at baseline and every 3 months after surgery up to 1 year . Cases were defined as healed when no clinical signs or symptoms were present , and radiographs showed complete or incomplete ( scar tissue ) healing of previous radiolucencies . RESULTS The PRP and PRP + collagen sponge groups depicted 83.33 % and 88.89 % healing , respectively , in terms of combined clinical -radiographic healing as compared with 80 % in the collagen membrane group . All the three treatments showed highly significant ( P < .05 ) reductions in the periodontal pocket depth ( PD ) , the clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , the gingival margin position ( GMP ) , the size of the periapical lesion , the percentage reduction of the periapical rarefactions , and periapical healing . No significant differences between the three groups were evident for these parameters ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS GTR applied to apicomarginal defects using PRP or PRP + collagen sponge lead to similar enhancements of the clinical outcome of periradicular surgery in terms of periapical healing , gain of periodontal support , PD reduction , and PRP may be an alternative treatment for GTR membrane in the treatment of apicomarginal defects AIM The aim was to demonstrate the efficacy of two material s for bone regeneration during periradicular surgery and their effects on the healing of periapical tissues . METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight patients ( 30 surgical sites ) were selected and distributed into three groups : group A , conventional technique ; group B , conventional technique plus nonbioabsorbable GoreTex R Augmentation membrane ; and group C , conventional technique plus the same membrane placed over a synthetic bioactive resorbable graft of a hydroxylapatite ( OsteoGen ) product in the bony defect . Clinical and radiological evaluations were completed immediately prior to surgery , a week later and every 3 months after surgery up to 12 months . Two histological evaluations were performed ( at the beginning and at 12 months ) . RESULTS The results showed complete clinical and radiographic healing ( eight cases ) for group C , with histologic evidence of trabecular bone in all cases . For group B , six out of nine cases showed complete radiographic healing , incomplete in one case and uncertain in two cases , with histologic evidence of trabecular bone in five out of eight cases , scar tissue in one case and granuloma in two cases . For group A , there was complete radiographic healing in four out of nine cases , incomplete in four and unsuccessful in one case , with evidence of granuloma in four out of eight , scar tissue in two cases and trabecular bone in two cases . CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the conventional technique was less predictable in its healing response during the 12 months of this study . The use of bone regeneration material s , such as nonbioabsorbablemembranes and resorbable hydroxylapatite improved the predictability of clinical , radiographic and histological healing PURPOSE The purpose of this prospect i ve clinical trial was to monitor the outcomes of periradicular surgery in large periapical lesions with or without guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) and anorganic bovine bone . MATERIAL S AND METHODS All teeth in the study revealed a periradicular lesion measuring at least 10 mm . A total of 63 teeth in 44 patients were included according to specific selection criteria . In the test group , after root end filling was completed , the defect was filled with anorganic bovine bone and was covered with a resorbable collagen membrane . In the control group , neither graft nor membrane was used . RESULTS A total of 59 teeth in 41 patients were evaluable at 1-year follow-up . Of these , 24 teeth belonged to the test group and 35 to the control group . Overall , 46 teeth ( 78 % ) had successfully healed , 10 ( 16.9 % ) demonstrated uncertain healing , and 3 exhibited treatment failure . Investigators found no statistically significant differences in outcome between test and control groups . CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the use of GTR in association with anorganic bovine bone in the treatment of patients with large periradicular lesions of strictly endodontic origin has no beneficial effect on outcome The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to assess the outcome of periradicular surgery with or without guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) for the treatment of through- and -through lesions . Thirty-four teeth were included according to specific selection criteria . In the test group ( using GTR ) , after root-end filling , the defects were filled with anorganic bovine bone and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane .  Healing was assessed according to specific criteria and grade d as successful , doubtful , or failed . In the control group , neither grafts nor membranes were used . After 1 year , 31 teeth were evaluated . Of these , 22 ( 71 % ) healed successfully , 6 ( 19 % ) showed doubtful healing , and 2 were recorded as failures . The outcomes of the defects treated with  GTR  ( 88 % successful ) were significantly better than those of the control group ( 57 % successful ) . The present study showed that the use of GTR associated with anorganic bovine bone in the treatment of through- and -through lesions may positively affect the healing process 
    Output:
    