human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective This study was design ed to examine whether a brief hospital intervention design ed to alter patients ’ perceptions about their myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) would result in a better recovery and reduced disability . Design In a prospect i ve r and omized study , 65 consecutive patients with their first MI aged were assigned to receive an intervention design ed to alter their perceptions about their MI or usual care from rehabilitation nurses . Patients were assessed in hospital before and after the intervention and at 3 months after discharge from hospital . Results The intervention caused significant positive changes in patients ’ views of their MI . Patients in the intervention group also reported they were better prepared for leaving hospital ( p < .05 ) and subsequently returned to work at a significantly faster rate than the control group ( p < .05 ) . At the 3-month follow-up , patients in the intervention group reported a significantly lower rate of angina symptoms than control subjects ( 14.3 vs. 39.3 , p < .03 ) . There was no significant differences in rehabilitation attendance between the two groups . Conclusions An in-hospital intervention design ed to change patients ’ illness perceptions can result in improved functional outcome after MI A r and omised controlled trial with process evaluation was conducted ( n=103 ) to study the use and impact of a Frequently Asked Questions checklist as a means to prepare coronary out patients for a regular visit to their cardiologist . It was hypothesised that use of the checklist would result in better patient-doctor communication , lower state anxiety and higher knowledge scores among patients , result ing in greater patient satisfaction . The patients in the experimental group ( n=53 ) received the checklist , with written instructions in addition to a brochure from the Dutch Heart Foundation , at home to prepare for their visit . The control patients only received the brochure .  State anxiety immediately before the visit was significantly lower among experimental patients . No significant differences in patient satisfaction or knowledge were found . Using the checklist did not result in longer patient-doctor consultations .  Experimental patients regarded the checklist as a useful tool to prepare for their visits to the clinic . We conclude that the checklist may be a useful tool for cardiac patients to prepare for their visits to their cardiologist BACKGROUND There are approximately 1.8 million patients with angina in the United Kingdom , many of whom report a poor quality of life , including raised levels of anxiety and depression . AIM To evaluate the effect of a cognitive behavioural disease management programme , the Angina Plan , on psychological adjustment in patients newly diagnosed with angina pectoris . DESIGN OF STUDY R and omised controlled trial . SETTING Patients from GP practice s in a Northern UK city ( York ) between April 1999 and May 2000 . METHOD Recruited patients were r and omised to receive the Angina Plan or to a routine , practice nurse-led secondary prevention educational session . RESULTS Twenty of the 25 practice s invited to join the study supplied patients ' names ; 142 patients attended an assessment clinic and were r and omised There were no significant differences in any baseline measures . At the six month post-treatment follow-up , 130 ( 91 % ) patients were reassessed . When compared with the educational session patients ( using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline scores in an intention-to-treat analysis ) Angina Plan patients showed a greater reduction in anxiety ( P = 0.05 ) and depression ( P = 0.01 ) , the frequency of angina ( reduced by three episodes per week , versus a reduction of 0.4 per week , P = 0.016 ) the use of glyceryl trinitrate  ( reduced by 4.19 fewer doses per week versus a reduction of 0.59 per week , P = 0.018 ) , and physical limitations ( P<0.001 : Seattle Angina Question naire ) . They were also more likely to report having changed their diet ( 41 versus 21 , P<0.001 ) and increased their daily walking ( 30 versus 2 , P<0.001 ) . There was no significant difference between the groups on the other sub-scales of the Seattle Angina Question naire or in any of the medical variables measured . CONCLUSION The Angina Plan appears to improve the psychological , symptomatic , and functional status of patients newly diagnosed with angina Shortened hospitalizations following cardiac surgery necessitate re-evaluation of how pertinent information for self-care management and reduction of coronary artery disease risk factors can be incorporated into an effective inpatient cardiac patient teaching program . This study investigated the effect of three different teaching approaches ( i.e. , an inpatient teaching program , a postdischarge telephone follow-up program , and a postdischarge group teaching program ) among 90 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery . Teaching outcomes were evaluated in this study by use of the Heart Disease Management Question naire and Cardiac Surgical Patient Teaching Satisfaction Inventory . Analyses of the data revealed similar patient teaching outcomes regardless of the type of teaching intervention the participant received . Findings supported the effectiveness of the inpatient teaching protocol which focused on " survival skills " for self-care management postdischarge . The findings are important in the re design of teaching programs which are efficient yet meaningful to the patient within today 's health care environment . Additional findings indicated that patients who had longer  lengths of stay and those with more vessels bypassed were the least satisfied with their teaching . Further implication s for nurses involved in patient teaching are discussed In a prospect i ve study of 283 myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) patients , state-dependent feelings of anxiety , depression , and irritability were assessed twice during hospital stay , and four times during a 3 - 5 yr follow-up . A K-mean cluster analysis identified six subgroups of MI patients with different pattern of emotional reactions . Two groups , containing nearly half of the sample , had low average levels of emotional upset at all assessment s. Two groups showed an intermediate long-term outcome : one of these had a high level of initial emotional upset that subsided during the first six months after discharge , whereas the other group showed increasing levels of emotional distress long-term follow-up . Finally , two groups failed to achieve long-term emotional readjustment . For one of these , a high level of emotional upset was evident from the first in-hospital assessment , whereas the other one had a sharp increase in emotional distress after discharge . In a series of psychological , social and medical variables , the former pattern was associated with more pre-MI medical and psychosocial problems , whereas the delayed emotional reaction was related to lower levels of cardiac health knowledge . Furthermore , high levels of emotional upset preceded both failure in resuming work and increased long-term rehospitalization . The findings indicate that emotional reactions after a MI should be monitored during convalescence to identify patients at risk for a failure in emotional readjustment . Furthermore , effective treatment of initial emotional reactions could promote resumption of work and reduce long-term morbidity Older adults with symptoms of acute myocardial infa rct ion ( AMI ) have longer pre-treatment delay times than their younger counterparts . A 2-group , r and omized controlled sample consisted of 115 adults , 65 years of age or older with a self-reported history of coronary artery disease . A pre-test was given to all participants followed by a structured education and counseling intervention to those in the experimental group . Data were re-collected at 3 months . There was a statistically significant increase in knowledge , beliefs , and perceived control without an increase in anxiety in the intervention group . There was no significant difference in attitudes .  Older adults at risk for AMI should be targeted for individualized education and counseling in clinics , physician offices , and community centers In a r and omised controlled trial a Frequently Asked Questions ( FAQ ) checklist intended to prepare coronary artery disease ( CAD ) out patients for a medical check-up visit at the cardiologist was evaluated . The checklist was mailed to patients in preparation to their visits after 1 , 4 and 10 months following patients ' discharge from hospitalisation for CAD . It was hypothesised that the intervention would result in lower state anxiety , better patient-doctor communication , more knowledge of CAD and greater patient satisfaction , while it would not result in longer visits . Repeated measurements analyses of covariance showed that experimental patients ( N = 46 ) were less anxious before the first visit . This visit was shorter than in the controls , though the third visit was longer . Control patients ( N = 59 ) showed more CAD knowledge than experimental patients at the first and third visit . Experimental patients found the checklist useful , though its value diminished at subsequent visits . Using the checklist thus decreased anxiety prior to the first visit and the duration of that visit , while negatively affecting knowledge . No conclusions about long-term effects could be drawn , due to the likelihood of type II and type III errors . Process evaluation indicated that the approach used is not sufficiently stimulating for patients to use as a preparation to every visit A nurse rehabilitator , supplementing routine physician/nursing coronary care unit ( CCU ) care , was found to be effective in increasing the return to work rate ( p < .05 ) and decreasing smoking ( p < .05 ) in a r and omized trial of 102 patients with acute myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) . These outcomes were thought to be due to the nurse rehabilitator 's efforts in increasing patient knowledge of heart disease ( p < .01 ) and individual counseling 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective This study was design ed to examine whether a brief hospital intervention design ed to alter patients ’ perceptions about their myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) would result in a better recovery and reduced disability . Design In a prospect i ve r and omized study , 65 consecutive patients with their first MI aged were assigned to receive an intervention design ed to alter their perceptions about their MI or usual care from rehabilitation nurses . Patients were assessed in hospital before and after the intervention and at 3 months after discharge from hospital . Results The intervention caused significant positive changes in patients ’ views of their MI . Patients in the intervention group also reported they were better prepared for leaving hospital ( p < .05 ) and subsequently returned to work at a significantly faster rate than the control group ( p < .05 ) . At the 3-month follow-up , patients in the intervention group reported a significantly lower rate of angina symptoms than control subjects ( 14.3 vs. 39.3 , p < .03 ) . There was no significant differences in rehabilitation attendance between the two groups . Conclusions An in-hospital intervention design ed to change patients ’ illness perceptions can result in improved functional outcome after MI A r and omised controlled trial with process evaluation was conducted ( n=103 ) to study the use and impact of a Frequently Asked Questions checklist as a means to prepare coronary out patients for a regular visit to their cardiologist . It was hypothesised that use of the checklist would result in better patient-doctor communication , lower state anxiety and higher knowledge scores among patients , result ing in greater patient satisfaction . The patients in the experimental group ( n=53 ) received the checklist , with written instructions in addition to a brochure from the Dutch Heart Foundation , at home to prepare for their visit . The control patients only received the brochure .  State anxiety immediately before the visit was significantly lower among experimental patients . No significant differences in patient satisfaction or knowledge were found . Using the checklist did not result in longer patient-doctor consultations .  Experimental patients regarded the checklist as a useful tool to prepare for their visits to the clinic . We conclude that the checklist may be a useful tool for cardiac patients to prepare for their visits to their cardiologist BACKGROUND There are approximately 1.8 million patients with angina in the United Kingdom , many of whom report a poor quality of life , including raised levels of anxiety and depression . AIM To evaluate the effect of a cognitive behavioural disease management programme , the Angina Plan , on psychological adjustment in patients newly diagnosed with angina pectoris . DESIGN OF STUDY R and omised controlled trial . SETTING Patients from GP practice s in a Northern UK city ( York ) between April 1999 and May 2000 . METHOD Recruited patients were r and omised to receive the Angina Plan or to a routine , practice nurse-led secondary prevention educational session . RESULTS Twenty of the 25 practice s invited to join the study supplied patients ' names ; 142 patients attended an assessment clinic and were r and omised There were no significant differences in any baseline measures . At the six month post-treatment follow-up , 130 ( 91 % ) patients were reassessed . When compared with the educational session patients ( using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline scores in an intention-to-treat analysis ) Angina Plan patients showed a greater reduction in anxiety ( P = 0.05 ) and depression ( P = 0.01 ) , the frequency of angina ( reduced by three episodes per week , versus a reduction of 0.4 per week , P = 0.016 ) the use of glyceryl trinitrate  ( reduced by 4.19 fewer doses per week versus a reduction of 0.59 per week , P = 0.018 ) , and physical limitations ( P<0.001 : Seattle Angina Question naire ) . They were also more likely to report having changed their diet ( 41 versus 21 , P<0.001 ) and increased their daily walking ( 30 versus 2 , P<0.001 ) . There was no significant difference between the groups on the other sub-scales of the Seattle Angina Question naire or in any of the medical variables measured . CONCLUSION The Angina Plan appears to improve the psychological , symptomatic , and functional status of patients newly diagnosed with angina Shortened hospitalizations following cardiac surgery necessitate re-evaluation of how pertinent information for self-care management and reduction of coronary artery disease risk factors can be incorporated into an effective inpatient cardiac patient teaching program . This study investigated the effect of three different teaching approaches ( i.e. , an inpatient teaching program , a postdischarge telephone follow-up program , and a postdischarge group teaching program ) among 90 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery . Teaching outcomes were evaluated in this study by use of the Heart Disease Management Question naire and Cardiac Surgical Patient Teaching Satisfaction Inventory . Analyses of the data revealed similar patient teaching outcomes regardless of the type of teaching intervention the participant received . Findings supported the effectiveness of the inpatient teaching protocol which focused on " survival skills " for self-care management postdischarge . The findings are important in the re design of teaching programs which are efficient yet meaningful to the patient within today 's health care environment . Additional findings indicated that patients who had longer  lengths of stay and those with more vessels bypassed were the least satisfied with their teaching . Further implication s for nurses involved in patient teaching are discussed In a prospect i ve study of 283 myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) patients , state-dependent feelings of anxiety , depression , and irritability were assessed twice during hospital stay , and four times during a 3 - 5 yr follow-up . A K-mean cluster analysis identified six subgroups of MI patients with different pattern of emotional reactions . Two groups , containing nearly half of the sample , had low average levels of emotional upset at all assessment s. Two groups showed an intermediate long-term outcome : one of these had a high level of initial emotional upset that subsided during the first six months after discharge , whereas the other group showed increasing levels of emotional distress long-term follow-up . Finally , two groups failed to achieve long-term emotional readjustment . For one of these , a high level of emotional upset was evident from the first in-hospital assessment , whereas the other one had a sharp increase in emotional distress after discharge . In a series of psychological , social and medical variables , the former pattern was associated with more pre-MI medical and psychosocial problems , whereas the delayed emotional reaction was related to lower levels of cardiac health knowledge . Furthermore , high levels of emotional upset preceded both failure in resuming work and increased long-term rehospitalization . The findings indicate that emotional reactions after a MI should be monitored during convalescence to identify patients at risk for a failure in emotional readjustment . Furthermore , effective treatment of initial emotional reactions could promote resumption of work and reduce long-term morbidity Older adults with symptoms of acute myocardial infa rct ion ( AMI ) have longer pre-treatment delay times than their younger counterparts . A 2-group , r and omized controlled sample consisted of 115 adults , 65 years of age or older with a self-reported history of coronary artery disease . A pre-test was given to all participants followed by a structured education and counseling intervention to those in the experimental group . Data were re-collected at 3 months . There was a statistically significant increase in knowledge , beliefs , and perceived control without an increase in anxiety in the intervention group . There was no significant difference in attitudes .  Older adults at risk for AMI should be targeted for individualized education and counseling in clinics , physician offices , and community centers In a r and omised controlled trial a Frequently Asked Questions ( FAQ ) checklist intended to prepare coronary artery disease ( CAD ) out patients for a medical check-up visit at the cardiologist was evaluated . The checklist was mailed to patients in preparation to their visits after 1 , 4 and 10 months following patients ' discharge from hospitalisation for CAD . It was hypothesised that the intervention would result in lower state anxiety , better patient-doctor communication , more knowledge of CAD and greater patient satisfaction , while it would not result in longer visits . Repeated measurements analyses of covariance showed that experimental patients ( N = 46 ) were less anxious before the first visit . This visit was shorter than in the controls , though the third visit was longer . Control patients ( N = 59 ) showed more CAD knowledge than experimental patients at the first and third visit . Experimental patients found the checklist useful , though its value diminished at subsequent visits . Using the checklist thus decreased anxiety prior to the first visit and the duration of that visit , while negatively affecting knowledge . No conclusions about long-term effects could be drawn , due to the likelihood of type II and type III errors . Process evaluation indicated that the approach used is not sufficiently stimulating for patients to use as a preparation to every visit A nurse rehabilitator , supplementing routine physician/nursing coronary care unit ( CCU ) care , was found to be effective in increasing the return to work rate ( p < .05 ) and decreasing smoking ( p < .05 ) in a r and omized trial of 102 patients with acute myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) . These outcomes were thought to be due to the nurse rehabilitator 's efforts in increasing patient knowledge of heart disease ( p < .01 ) and individual counseling 
    Output:
    