human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The aim of periodontal therapy is to prevent tissue destruction while achieving the regeneration of damaged tissues . Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) is used to generate new bone , periodontal ligament , and new attachment with a strategy based on the modulation and enhancement of wound healing through an autologous source for growth factors obtained from the patient 's own blood . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP when used in combination with beta-tricalcium phosphate ( beta-TCP ) alloplastic graft material and collagen barrier membrane in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects . METHODS Thirty interproximal intrabony defects in 25 systemically healthy patients were selected for the study . Defects were distributed r and omly and equally into three groups : graft alone ( beta-TCP ) , graft + PRP , and graft + PRP + membrane . The plaque index , gingival index , periodontal probing depth , relative attachment level , transgingival probing measurement , and radiographic analyses were performed at baseline and repeated after 6 , 9 , and 12 months . RESULTS At the end of 12 months , relative attachment gain was 2.4 , 2.1 , and 2.5 mm in the three treatment groups , respectively . No statistically significant differences in clinical and radiographic measurements were observed among the groups . CONCLUSIONS All options were effective in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects . The results also suggested that PRP added no clinical benefit to beta-TCP alloplastic graft material used alone or in combination with GTR PURPOSE Obtaining an answer to the question whether autogenous bone in combination with PRP give a therapeutical effect in the form of periodontal ligament attachment regeneration . Defining the degree of elimination of a convenient environment for subgingival bacterial plaque by reduction of periodontal pocket depth and periodontitis . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six systematic ally healthy patients with diagnosed chronic and advanced periodontitis ( 24 females and 2 males ) were selected for the study . In general 72 periodontal infrabony pockets were treated . Clinical ly the following indexes were examined and measured : 1 . Plaque Index by Silness and Löe . 2 . Sulcus Bleeding Index by  Mühlemann  and Son . 3 . Clinical Attachment Level ( mm ) . 4 . Pocket Depth ( mm ) . 5 . Gingival Recession ( mm ) . 6 . Tooth mobility with the use of Periotest . 7 . Degree of alveolar bone loss with the use of Engelberger , Marthaler and Rateitschak index - EMR Index . RESULTS At 12 months after treatment the following results were noted : Mean value of attachment level regeneration 3.47 mm . Mean value of pocket depth decreased by 3.7 mm . Mean value of tooth mobility reduction by 48.3 % . Megeneration of alveolar bone by 9.24 % . CONCLUSIONS 1 . Autogenous bone with added PRP in treatment of intrabony defects caused by periodontitis have given significant clinical improvement of the periodontal tissues . 2 . The combination of PRP and autogenous bone caused the elimination of a convenient environment for subgingival bacterial plaque eliminating periodontitis BACKGROUND Platelet concentrate ( PC ) is known to contain growth factors that stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation . In this double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omized study , the objective was to determine whether PC accelerated connective tissue graft ( CTG ) wound healing and maintained donor site tissue thickness . METHODS Twenty healthy adult subjects with multiple bilateral gingival recessions were treated with  CTGs and PC combined with CTGs . The donor sites were treated with PC and placebo .  Clinical wound healing was observed for an average of 6 weeks . Biopsies were taken from donor sites and su bmi tted for histology and immunohistochemical analysis for type I and III collagens . Palatal tissue thickness , post-surgical complications , and pain level were evaluated . Wilcoxon , Cronbach , one- sample t , and paired- sample t tests were used to assess statistical significance at P < 0.05 . RESULTS PC-treated palatal donor sites were 1.10 mm thicker than control sites . PC-treated recipient sites showed accelerated clinical healing compared to controls . PC did not accelerate donor site clinical healing . No significant statistical differences in complication occurrence and perceived pain levels were found between control and PC-treated sites . Biopsy sample s revealed that during healing , PC-treated sites contained lower concentrations of inflammatory cells , more type I mature collagen , and less type III immature collagen than control sites . CONCLUSIONS PC may accelerate wound healing and hasten the regeneration of palatal donor tissue . PC did not influence complication occurrences or mediate pain level . PC has the potential to shorten the treatment time for patients who need multiple CTG procedures BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal therapy with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)+a natural bone mineral (NBM)+guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) has been shown to result in significantly higher probing depth reductions and clinical attachment-level gains compared with treatment with open flap debridement alone . However , at present , it is unknown to what extent the use of PRP may additionally enhance the clinical outcome of the therapy compared with treatment with NBM+GTR . AIM To clinical ly compare treatment of deep intra-bony defects with NBM+PRP+GTR with NBM+GTR . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients suffering from advanced periodontal disease , and each of whom displayed one advanced intra-bony defect were r and omly treated with a combination of either NBM+PRP+collagen membrane ( GTR ) or NBM+GTR . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index , gingival index , bleeding on probing , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . CAL changes were used as the primary outcome variable . RESULTS No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups . Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the sites treated with NBM+PRP+GTR showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.9+/-2.3 mm to 3.4+/-2.0 mm ( p<0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.9+/-2.2 mm to 6.4+/-1.8 mm ( p<0.001 ) . In the group treated with NBM+GTR , the mean PD was reduced from 8.9+/-2.5 mm to 3.4+/-2.3 mm ( p<0.001 ) , and the mean CAL changed from 11.1+/-2.5 mm to 6.5+/-2.3 mm ( p<0.001 ) . In both groups , all sites gained at least 3 mm of CAL . CAL gains of > or = 4 mm were measured in 80 % ( i.e. in 12 out of 15 defects ) of the cases treated with NBM+PRP+GTR and in 87 % ( i.e. in 13 out of 15 defects ) treated with NBM+GTR . No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Within its limits , the present study has shown that ( i ) at 1 year after regenerative surgery with both NBM+PRP+GTR and NBM+GTR , significant PD reductions and CAL gains were found , and ( ii ) the use of PRP has failed to improve the results obtained with NBM+GTR BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal therapy with a combination of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) + an anorganic bovine bone mineral ( ABBM ) + guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) has been shown to result in significantly higher probing depth reductions and clinical attachment level gains compared to treatment with open flap debridement ( OFD ) alone , ABBM alone , or GTR alone . However , there are no data evaluating to what extent the use of PRP may additionally enhance the clinical outcome of the therapy compared to treatment with ABBM + GTR . This study aim ed to clinical ly evaluate the effect of PRP on the healing of deep intrabony defects treated with ABBM and GTR by means of a non-resorbable exp and ed polytetrafluoroethylene ( ePTFE ) membrane . METHODS Twenty-four patients with advanced chronic periodontal disease and displaying one intrabony defect were r and omly treated with a combination of either PRP + ABBM + GTR or ABBM + GTR . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) , and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . The primary outcome variable was CAL . RESULTS No differences in any of the studied parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups . Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the sites treated with PRP + ABBM + GTR showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.6 + /- 1.7 mm to 3.1 + /- 1.3 mm ( P < 0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.3 + /- 1.4 mm to 5.7 + /- 1.6 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . In the group treated with ABBM + GTR , mean PD was reduced from 8.8 + /- 1.7 mm to 3.1 + /- 1.0 mm ( P < 0.001 ) , and the mean CAL changed from 10.4 + /- 2.6 mm to 5.9 + /- 1.8 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . In both groups , all sites gained > or =3 mm of CAL . CAL gains > or = 4 mm were measured in 83 % ( i.e. , in 10 of 12 defects ) of the cases treated with PRP + ABBM + GTR and in 92 % ( i.e. , in 11 of 12 defects ) treated with ABBM + GTR . No statistically significant differences in any of the studied parameters were observed between the two groups at 1-year reevaluation . CONCLUSION Within its limits , the present study has shown that , at 1 year after regenerative therapy in periodontal intrabony defects , optimal clinical results were obtained with ABBM + GTR with a non-resorbable barrier , with or without the addition of PRP BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal surgery utilizing a combination of an enamel matrix protein derivative ( EMD ) and a natural bone mineral ( NBM ) and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) has been shown to enhance the outcomes of regenerative surgery significantly . At present , it is unknown whether root conditioning with EMD , followed by defect fill with a combination of NBM+PRP may additionally enhance the clinical results obtained with EMD+NBM . AIM To compare clinical ly the treatment of deep intrabony defects with either EMD+NBM+PRP or EMD+NBM . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six patients suffering from advanced chronic periodontitis , and each of whom displayed one advanced intrabony defect were r and omly treated with either EMD+NBM+PRP ( test ) or EMD+NBM ( control ) . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . The primary outcome variable was CAL . RESULTS Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the test sites showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.8+/-1.9 mm to 3.1+/-0.9 mm ( p<0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.8+/-2.0 mm to 6.0+/-1.5 mm ( p<0.001 ) . In the control group the mean PD was reduced from 8.8+/-2.0 mm to 2.8+/-1.6 mm ( p<0.001 ) and the mean CAL changed from 10.5+/-1.6 mm to 5.5+/-1.4 mm ( p<0.001 ) . CAL gains of > or = 4 mm were measured in 77 % ( i.e. in 10 out of 13 defects ) of the cases treated with EMD+NBM+PRP and in 100 % ( i.e. in all 13 defects ) treated with EMD+NBM . No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Within its limits , the present study has shown that ( i ) 1 year after regenerative surgery , both treatments result ed in statistically significant PD reductions and CAL gains and ( ii ) the use of PRP failed to enhance the results obtained with EMD+NBM The aim of this prospect i ve controlled r and omized clinical trial was to evaluate the additional effect of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) in attachment gain . Twenty-two patients showing contralateral intrabony defects were included . Defects were r and omized to β-TCP ( Cerasorb ® ) in combination with PRP ( test ) or alone ( control )  . Probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , and relative AL ( RAL ) were assessed at the first , initial , re-evaluation ( or basis examinations ) and 6 months after surgery . Defect dimensions were 
    Output:
    
agent
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The aim of periodontal therapy is to prevent tissue destruction while achieving the regeneration of damaged tissues . Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) is used to generate new bone , periodontal ligament , and new attachment with a strategy based on the modulation and enhancement of wound healing through an autologous source for growth factors obtained from the patient 's own blood . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP when used in combination with beta-tricalcium phosphate ( beta-TCP ) alloplastic graft material and collagen barrier membrane in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects . METHODS Thirty interproximal intrabony defects in 25 systemically healthy patients were selected for the study . Defects were distributed r and omly and equally into three groups : graft alone ( beta-TCP ) , graft + PRP , and graft + PRP + membrane . The plaque index , gingival index , periodontal probing depth , relative attachment level , transgingival probing measurement , and radiographic analyses were performed at baseline and repeated after 6 , 9 , and 12 months . RESULTS At the end of 12 months , relative attachment gain was 2.4 , 2.1 , and 2.5 mm in the three treatment groups , respectively . No statistically significant differences in clinical and radiographic measurements were observed among the groups . CONCLUSIONS All options were effective in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects . The results also suggested that PRP added no clinical benefit to beta-TCP alloplastic graft material used alone or in combination with GTR PURPOSE Obtaining an answer to the question whether autogenous bone in combination with PRP give a therapeutical effect in the form of periodontal ligament attachment regeneration . Defining the degree of elimination of a convenient environment for subgingival bacterial plaque by reduction of periodontal pocket depth and periodontitis . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six systematic ally healthy patients with diagnosed chronic and advanced periodontitis ( 24 females and 2 males ) were selected for the study . In general 72 periodontal infrabony pockets were treated . Clinical ly the following indexes were examined and measured : 1 . Plaque Index by Silness and Löe . 2 . Sulcus Bleeding Index by  Mühlemann  and Son . 3 . Clinical Attachment Level ( mm ) . 4 . Pocket Depth ( mm ) . 5 . Gingival Recession ( mm ) . 6 . Tooth mobility with the use of Periotest . 7 . Degree of alveolar bone loss with the use of Engelberger , Marthaler and Rateitschak index - EMR Index . RESULTS At 12 months after treatment the following results were noted : Mean value of attachment level regeneration 3.47 mm . Mean value of pocket depth decreased by 3.7 mm . Mean value of tooth mobility reduction by 48.3 % . Megeneration of alveolar bone by 9.24 % . CONCLUSIONS 1 . Autogenous bone with added PRP in treatment of intrabony defects caused by periodontitis have given significant clinical improvement of the periodontal tissues . 2 . The combination of PRP and autogenous bone caused the elimination of a convenient environment for subgingival bacterial plaque eliminating periodontitis BACKGROUND Platelet concentrate ( PC ) is known to contain growth factors that stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation . In this double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omized study , the objective was to determine whether PC accelerated connective tissue graft ( CTG ) wound healing and maintained donor site tissue thickness . METHODS Twenty healthy adult subjects with multiple bilateral gingival recessions were treated with  CTGs and PC combined with CTGs . The donor sites were treated with PC and placebo .  Clinical wound healing was observed for an average of 6 weeks . Biopsies were taken from donor sites and su bmi tted for histology and immunohistochemical analysis for type I and III collagens . Palatal tissue thickness , post-surgical complications , and pain level were evaluated . Wilcoxon , Cronbach , one- sample t , and paired- sample t tests were used to assess statistical significance at P < 0.05 . RESULTS PC-treated palatal donor sites were 1.10 mm thicker than control sites . PC-treated recipient sites showed accelerated clinical healing compared to controls . PC did not accelerate donor site clinical healing . No significant statistical differences in complication occurrence and perceived pain levels were found between control and PC-treated sites . Biopsy sample s revealed that during healing , PC-treated sites contained lower concentrations of inflammatory cells , more type I mature collagen , and less type III immature collagen than control sites . CONCLUSIONS PC may accelerate wound healing and hasten the regeneration of palatal donor tissue . PC did not influence complication occurrences or mediate pain level . PC has the potential to shorten the treatment time for patients who need multiple CTG procedures BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal therapy with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)+a natural bone mineral (NBM)+guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) has been shown to result in significantly higher probing depth reductions and clinical attachment-level gains compared with treatment with open flap debridement alone . However , at present , it is unknown to what extent the use of PRP may additionally enhance the clinical outcome of the therapy compared with treatment with NBM+GTR . AIM To clinical ly compare treatment of deep intra-bony defects with NBM+PRP+GTR with NBM+GTR . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients suffering from advanced periodontal disease , and each of whom displayed one advanced intra-bony defect were r and omly treated with a combination of either NBM+PRP+collagen membrane ( GTR ) or NBM+GTR . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index , gingival index , bleeding on probing , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . CAL changes were used as the primary outcome variable . RESULTS No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups . Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the sites treated with NBM+PRP+GTR showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.9+/-2.3 mm to 3.4+/-2.0 mm ( p<0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.9+/-2.2 mm to 6.4+/-1.8 mm ( p<0.001 ) . In the group treated with NBM+GTR , the mean PD was reduced from 8.9+/-2.5 mm to 3.4+/-2.3 mm ( p<0.001 ) , and the mean CAL changed from 11.1+/-2.5 mm to 6.5+/-2.3 mm ( p<0.001 ) . In both groups , all sites gained at least 3 mm of CAL . CAL gains of > or = 4 mm were measured in 80 % ( i.e. in 12 out of 15 defects ) of the cases treated with NBM+PRP+GTR and in 87 % ( i.e. in 13 out of 15 defects ) treated with NBM+GTR . No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Within its limits , the present study has shown that ( i ) at 1 year after regenerative surgery with both NBM+PRP+GTR and NBM+GTR , significant PD reductions and CAL gains were found , and ( ii ) the use of PRP has failed to improve the results obtained with NBM+GTR BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal therapy with a combination of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) + an anorganic bovine bone mineral ( ABBM ) + guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) has been shown to result in significantly higher probing depth reductions and clinical attachment level gains compared to treatment with open flap debridement ( OFD ) alone , ABBM alone , or GTR alone . However , there are no data evaluating to what extent the use of PRP may additionally enhance the clinical outcome of the therapy compared to treatment with ABBM + GTR . This study aim ed to clinical ly evaluate the effect of PRP on the healing of deep intrabony defects treated with ABBM and GTR by means of a non-resorbable exp and ed polytetrafluoroethylene ( ePTFE ) membrane . METHODS Twenty-four patients with advanced chronic periodontal disease and displaying one intrabony defect were r and omly treated with a combination of either PRP + ABBM + GTR or ABBM + GTR . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) , and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . The primary outcome variable was CAL . RESULTS No differences in any of the studied parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups . Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the sites treated with PRP + ABBM + GTR showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.6 + /- 1.7 mm to 3.1 + /- 1.3 mm ( P < 0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.3 + /- 1.4 mm to 5.7 + /- 1.6 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . In the group treated with ABBM + GTR , mean PD was reduced from 8.8 + /- 1.7 mm to 3.1 + /- 1.0 mm ( P < 0.001 ) , and the mean CAL changed from 10.4 + /- 2.6 mm to 5.9 + /- 1.8 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . In both groups , all sites gained > or =3 mm of CAL . CAL gains > or = 4 mm were measured in 83 % ( i.e. , in 10 of 12 defects ) of the cases treated with PRP + ABBM + GTR and in 92 % ( i.e. , in 11 of 12 defects ) treated with ABBM + GTR . No statistically significant differences in any of the studied parameters were observed between the two groups at 1-year reevaluation . CONCLUSION Within its limits , the present study has shown that , at 1 year after regenerative therapy in periodontal intrabony defects , optimal clinical results were obtained with ABBM + GTR with a non-resorbable barrier , with or without the addition of PRP BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal surgery utilizing a combination of an enamel matrix protein derivative ( EMD ) and a natural bone mineral ( NBM ) and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) has been shown to enhance the outcomes of regenerative surgery significantly . At present , it is unknown whether root conditioning with EMD , followed by defect fill with a combination of NBM+PRP may additionally enhance the clinical results obtained with EMD+NBM . AIM To compare clinical ly the treatment of deep intrabony defects with either EMD+NBM+PRP or EMD+NBM . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six patients suffering from advanced chronic periodontitis , and each of whom displayed one advanced intrabony defect were r and omly treated with either EMD+NBM+PRP ( test ) or EMD+NBM ( control ) . The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . The primary outcome variable was CAL . RESULTS Healing was uneventful in all patients . At 1 year after therapy , the test sites showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.8+/-1.9 mm to 3.1+/-0.9 mm ( p<0.001 ) and a change in mean CAL from 10.8+/-2.0 mm to 6.0+/-1.5 mm ( p<0.001 ) . In the control group the mean PD was reduced from 8.8+/-2.0 mm to 2.8+/-1.6 mm ( p<0.001 ) and the mean CAL changed from 10.5+/-1.6 mm to 5.5+/-1.4 mm ( p<0.001 ) . CAL gains of > or = 4 mm were measured in 77 % ( i.e. in 10 out of 13 defects ) of the cases treated with EMD+NBM+PRP and in 100 % ( i.e. in all 13 defects ) treated with EMD+NBM . No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Within its limits , the present study has shown that ( i ) 1 year after regenerative surgery , both treatments result ed in statistically significant PD reductions and CAL gains and ( ii ) the use of PRP failed to enhance the results obtained with EMD+NBM The aim of this prospect i ve controlled r and omized clinical trial was to evaluate the additional effect of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) in attachment gain . Twenty-two patients showing contralateral intrabony defects were included . Defects were r and omized to β-TCP ( Cerasorb ® ) in combination with PRP ( test ) or alone ( control )  . Probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , and relative AL ( RAL ) were assessed at the first , initial , re-evaluation ( or basis examinations ) and 6 months after surgery . Defect dimensions were 
    Output:
    