human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Curry , one of the most popular foods in Japan , contains spices that are rich in potentially antioxidative compounds , such as curcumin and eugenol . Oxidative stress is thought to impair endothelial function associated with atherosclerosis , a leading cause of cardiovascular events . The aim of this study was to determine whether a single consumption of curry meal would improve endothelial function in healthy men . Methods Fourteen healthy male subjects ( BMI 23.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2 ; age 45 ± 9 years ) were given a single serving of curry meal or spice-free control meal ( 180 g of curry or control and 200 g of cooked rice ; approximately 500 kcal in total ) in a r and omized , controlled crossover design . Before and 1 hr after the consumption , fasting and postpr and ial flow-mediated vasodilation ( FMD ) responses and other parameters were measured . Results The consumption of the control meal decreased FMD from 5.8 ± 2.4 % to 5.1 ± 2.3 % ( P = 0.039 ) . On the other h and , the consumption of the curry meal increased FMD from 5.2 ± 2.5 % to 6.6 ± 2.0 % ( P = 0.001 ) , and the postpr and ial FMD after the curry meal was higher than that after the control meal ( P = 0.002 ) . Presence of spices in the curry did not alter significantly the systemic and forearm hemodynamics , or any biochemical parameters including oxidative stress markers measured . Conclusions These findings suggest that the consumption of curry ameliorates postpr and ial endothelial function in healthy male subjects and may be beneficial for improving cardiovascular health . Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry 000012012 Background Diabetes remains a major health problem worldwide . Low-risk low-cost alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions are needed where lifestyle modifications have failed . We conducted a double-blind r and omised placebo controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of a Chinese herbal formula , Jiangtang Xiaozhi , in treating impaired glucose control and insulin resistance in persons with prediabetes and controlled diabetes . Methods Seventy-one patients with prediabetes or ‘ controlled ’ diabetes were r and omised to receive 3 capsules of Jiangtang Xiaozhi ( n = 39 ) or placebo ( n = 32 ) three times daily for 16 weeks with a follow up eight weeks later ( week 24 ) . The primary outcome was change in glycaemic control as evidence d by fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , post-pr and ial plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) . Other measures included change in fasting insulin , insulin resistance and sensitivity , lipids , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , body mass index ( BMI ) , waist girth , blood pressure ( BP ) , health related quality of life ( HRQoL ) and safety . Analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) was used to model outcomes at 16 weeks , by treatment group corrected for baseline level of the outcome variable . Results In patients receiving Jiangtang Xiaozhi , FBG was not significantly different ( p = 0.73 ) compared to placebo after 16 weeks of treatment ( 6.3 ± 1.1 mmol/L vs 6.7 ± 1.3 mmol/L ) . There was a significant difference ( p = 0.04 ) in the mean levels of fasting insulin between the treatment group ( 11.6 ± 5.5 mmol/L ) and the placebo group ( 22.1 ± 25.9 mmol/L ) . Insulin resistance slightly decreased in the treatment group ( 1.58 ± 0.74 ) compared to that of the placebo group ( 2.43 ± 1.59 ) but this change did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.06 ) . Patients taking Jiangtang Xiaozhi had a significant improvement in high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) level compared to the placebo group at week 16 ( p = 0.03 ) . Mean levels of cholesterol , triglycerides , BMI , waist-girth , HRQoL , BP , CRP and insulin sensitivity were not significantly different between the two groups . The herbal medicine was well tolerated . Conclusions In the current study , the 16 week Jiangtang Xiaozhi treatment did not lower fasting blood glucose , but it improved serum  insulin and HDL cholesterol in a Western population with prediabetes or controlled diabetes . Our trial may have been underpowered . Dosage needs to be considered before commencing a longer adequately powered trial . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000128897;https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/ Registration /Trial Review Curcumin is a phytocompound found in the root of turmeric , a common herbal ingredient in many Asian cuisines . The compound contains anti-inflammatory activity , which is mediated through an up-regulation of adiponectin and reduction of leptin . Consumption of curcumin was shown to prevent some deteriorative conditions caused by inflammation , such as ulcerative colitis , rheumatoid arthritis and esophagitis , and so on . Inflammation-associated cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis are common in diabetes patients . The anti-inflammation effect of curcumin might be beneficial to prevent such condition in these patients . We aim to evaluate an antiatherosclerosis effect of curcumin in diabetes patients . Effects of curcumin on risk factors for atherosclerosis were investigated in a 6-month r and omized , double-blinded and placebo-controlled clinical trial that included subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes . An atherosclerosis parameter , the pulse wave velocity , and other metabolic parameters in patients treated with placebo and curcumin were compared . Our results showed that curcumin intervention significantly reduced pulse wave velocity , increased level of serum adiponectin and decreased level of leptin . These results are associated with reduced levels of homeostasis model assessment -insulin resistance , triglyceride , uric acid , visceral fat and total body fat . In summary , a 6-month  curcumin  intervention in type 2 diabetic population lowered the atherogenic risks . In addition , the extract helped to improve relevant metabolic profiles in this high-risk population SCOPE We previously found that curcuminoids  decreased blood glucose and improved insulin resistance by reducing serum free fatty acids ( FFAs ) and increasing fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats . This study was to investigate whether curcuminoids have beneficial effects on type 2 diabetic patients , and its possible mechanisms . METHODS AND RESULTS Overweight/obese type 2 diabetic patients ( BMI ≥ 24.0 ; fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or postpr and ial blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L ) were r and omly assigned to curcuminoids ( 300 mg/day ) or placebo for 3 months . Bodyweight , glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c , % ) , serum fasting glucose , FFAs , lipids , and lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) were determined . A total of 100 patients ( curcuminoids , n = 50 ; placebo , n = 50 ) completed the trial .  Curcuminoids supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose ( p < 0.01 ) , HbA1c ( p = 0.031 ) , and insulin resistance index ( HOMA-IR ) ( p < 0.01 ) in type 2 diabetic patients  . Curcuminoids also led to a significant decrease in serum total FFAs ( p < 0.01 ) , triglycerides ( P = 0.018 ) , an increase in LPL activity ( p < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION These findings suggest a glucose-lowering effect of curcuminoids in type 2 diabetes , which is partially due to decrease in serum FFAs , which may result from promoting fatty acid oxidation and utilization Background The effect of an herbal formulation LI85008F on weight loss in obese human subjects was evaluated in an 8-weeks r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study ( Clinical Trial Registration no. IS RCT N37381706 ) . Fifty obese subjects ( Body mass index 30 to 40 kg/m² , 29.3 % male ; 70.7 % female ; ages 27–50 years ) were r and omized into two groups ; placebo ( n = 25 ) and LI85008F formulation ( n = 25 ) . The participants received either 900 mg/day of LI85008F formulation in three divided doses or three identical placebo capsules and all of them remained on a calorie-controlled diet ( 2000 cal/day ) and 30 min walking for 5 days a week during the entire duration of the study . Results and discussion At the end of the trial period , LI85008F supplemented group showed significant net reductions in body weight and Body Mass Index ( BMI ) . The participants who received the herbal formulation , showed reduced fasting blood glucose , LDL , LDL/HDL ratio , and triglycerides . At the end of the study , LI85008F supplementation also provided 21.26 % ( p = 0.012 ) increase in serum adiponectin level , compared with the placebo group . No major adverse events were reported by the participants in the study duration . In addition , Adipokine profiling study in 3T3-L1 adipocytes demonstrates that LI85008F modulates key regulatory factors of adipogenic differentiation and insulin sensitivity , such as Adiponectin , Pref-1 , and resistin . Conclusion The herbal formulation LI85008F ( Adipromin ) is prepared from commonly used medicinal plants extracts , which provides useful and safe application for weight loss in obese humans . It also demonstrates potential promise in controlling healthy blood glucose level in obesity linked type 2 diabetes BACKGROUND In the present study , the improvement of diabetic microangiopathy and retinopathy was evaluated in 38 diabetic patients treated with a novel curcumin phospholipids delivery form ( Meriva ® ) .  METHODS Diabetes was diagnosed at least 5 years before inclusion and all patients had signs of retinal oedema and of peripheral microangiopathy .  Meriva ® was administered at the dosage of 2 tablets/day ( each tablet containing 500 mg Meriva ® corresponding to 100 mg curcumin ) for a period of at least 4 weeks in addition to the st and ard management plan , while a comparable group of subjects ( n = 39 ) followed the st and ard management plan alone . RESULTS All subjects ( treatment and controls ) completed the follow-up period , there were no dropouts and Meriva ® showed an optimal tolerability . At 4 weeks , microcirculatory and clinical evaluations indicated an improvement of microangiopathy . In terms of peripheral microangiopathy , in the Meriva ® group , there was a significant improvement in the venoarteriolar response ( p<0.05 ) and a decrease in the score of peripheral oedema ( p<0.05 ) , a sign typically associated with the failure of the venoarteriolar response . At the retinal level , high-resolution , duplex scanning , used to measure retinal flow , showed improvements in the Meriva ® treated patients . The evaluation of retinal oedema ( Steigerwalt 's scale ) showed an improvement associated with improved visual acuity ( Snellen scale ) . There were no clinical or microcirculatory effects in controls . CONCLUSION These preliminary observations , indicate the value of curcumin , when administered in a bioavailable form as with Meriva ® , in the management of diabetic microangiopathy and retinopathy Objective : Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia result ing from defects in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both or insulin resistance . Curcumin inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway . The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of Nano-curcumin on HbA1C , fast blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients . Material s and Methods : Seventy type-2 diabetic patients ( fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hr postpr and ial blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl ) r and omly receivedeither Curcumin ( as nano-micelle 80 mg/day ) or placebo  for 3 months in a double blind r and omized clinical trial . Fasting blood glucose , HbA1C , and lipids profile were checked before and after the intervention . Data analyses , including parametric and nonparametric tests were done using the SPSS 11.5 software . A p value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant . ( RCT registration code : I RCT 2013081114330N1 ) Results : Mean age , BMI , FBG , total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , LDL , HDL , HbA1c , and sex and had no significant difference at the baseline between the groups . In Nano-cur 
    Output:
    
agent
Conclusion Our findings may encourage curcumin supplementation based on its meaningful effect on glycemic control and positive trend on lipid outcomes in prediabetes and T2DM
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Curry , one of the most popular foods in Japan , contains spices that are rich in potentially antioxidative compounds , such as curcumin and eugenol . Oxidative stress is thought to impair endothelial function associated with atherosclerosis , a leading cause of cardiovascular events . The aim of this study was to determine whether a single consumption of curry meal would improve endothelial function in healthy men . Methods Fourteen healthy male subjects ( BMI 23.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2 ; age 45 ± 9 years ) were given a single serving of curry meal or spice-free control meal ( 180 g of curry or control and 200 g of cooked rice ; approximately 500 kcal in total ) in a r and omized , controlled crossover design . Before and 1 hr after the consumption , fasting and postpr and ial flow-mediated vasodilation ( FMD ) responses and other parameters were measured . Results The consumption of the control meal decreased FMD from 5.8 ± 2.4 % to 5.1 ± 2.3 % ( P = 0.039 ) . On the other h and , the consumption of the curry meal increased FMD from 5.2 ± 2.5 % to 6.6 ± 2.0 % ( P = 0.001 ) , and the postpr and ial FMD after the curry meal was higher than that after the control meal ( P = 0.002 ) . Presence of spices in the curry did not alter significantly the systemic and forearm hemodynamics , or any biochemical parameters including oxidative stress markers measured . Conclusions These findings suggest that the consumption of curry ameliorates postpr and ial endothelial function in healthy male subjects and may be beneficial for improving cardiovascular health . Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry 000012012 Background Diabetes remains a major health problem worldwide . Low-risk low-cost alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions are needed where lifestyle modifications have failed . We conducted a double-blind r and omised placebo controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of a Chinese herbal formula , Jiangtang Xiaozhi , in treating impaired glucose control and insulin resistance in persons with prediabetes and controlled diabetes . Methods Seventy-one patients with prediabetes or ‘ controlled ’ diabetes were r and omised to receive 3 capsules of Jiangtang Xiaozhi ( n = 39 ) or placebo ( n = 32 ) three times daily for 16 weeks with a follow up eight weeks later ( week 24 ) . The primary outcome was change in glycaemic control as evidence d by fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , post-pr and ial plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) . Other measures included change in fasting insulin , insulin resistance and sensitivity , lipids , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , body mass index ( BMI ) , waist girth , blood pressure ( BP ) , health related quality of life ( HRQoL ) and safety . Analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) was used to model outcomes at 16 weeks , by treatment group corrected for baseline level of the outcome variable . Results In patients receiving Jiangtang Xiaozhi , FBG was not significantly different ( p = 0.73 ) compared to placebo after 16 weeks of treatment ( 6.3 ± 1.1 mmol/L vs 6.7 ± 1.3 mmol/L ) . There was a significant difference ( p = 0.04 ) in the mean levels of fasting insulin between the treatment group ( 11.6 ± 5.5 mmol/L ) and the placebo group ( 22.1 ± 25.9 mmol/L ) . Insulin resistance slightly decreased in the treatment group ( 1.58 ± 0.74 ) compared to that of the placebo group ( 2.43 ± 1.59 ) but this change did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.06 ) . Patients taking Jiangtang Xiaozhi had a significant improvement in high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) level compared to the placebo group at week 16 ( p = 0.03 ) . Mean levels of cholesterol , triglycerides , BMI , waist-girth , HRQoL , BP , CRP and insulin sensitivity were not significantly different between the two groups . The herbal medicine was well tolerated . Conclusions In the current study , the 16 week Jiangtang Xiaozhi treatment did not lower fasting blood glucose , but it improved serum  insulin and HDL cholesterol in a Western population with prediabetes or controlled diabetes . Our trial may have been underpowered . Dosage needs to be considered before commencing a longer adequately powered trial . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000128897;https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/ Registration /Trial Review Curcumin is a phytocompound found in the root of turmeric , a common herbal ingredient in many Asian cuisines . The compound contains anti-inflammatory activity , which is mediated through an up-regulation of adiponectin and reduction of leptin . Consumption of curcumin was shown to prevent some deteriorative conditions caused by inflammation , such as ulcerative colitis , rheumatoid arthritis and esophagitis , and so on . Inflammation-associated cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis are common in diabetes patients . The anti-inflammation effect of curcumin might be beneficial to prevent such condition in these patients . We aim to evaluate an antiatherosclerosis effect of curcumin in diabetes patients . Effects of curcumin on risk factors for atherosclerosis were investigated in a 6-month r and omized , double-blinded and placebo-controlled clinical trial that included subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes . An atherosclerosis parameter , the pulse wave velocity , and other metabolic parameters in patients treated with placebo and curcumin were compared . Our results showed that curcumin intervention significantly reduced pulse wave velocity , increased level of serum adiponectin and decreased level of leptin . These results are associated with reduced levels of homeostasis model assessment -insulin resistance , triglyceride , uric acid , visceral fat and total body fat . In summary , a 6-month  curcumin  intervention in type 2 diabetic population lowered the atherogenic risks . In addition , the extract helped to improve relevant metabolic profiles in this high-risk population SCOPE We previously found that curcuminoids  decreased blood glucose and improved insulin resistance by reducing serum free fatty acids ( FFAs ) and increasing fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats . This study was to investigate whether curcuminoids have beneficial effects on type 2 diabetic patients , and its possible mechanisms . METHODS AND RESULTS Overweight/obese type 2 diabetic patients ( BMI ≥ 24.0 ; fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or postpr and ial blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L ) were r and omly assigned to curcuminoids ( 300 mg/day ) or placebo for 3 months . Bodyweight , glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c , % ) , serum fasting glucose , FFAs , lipids , and lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) were determined . A total of 100 patients ( curcuminoids , n = 50 ; placebo , n = 50 ) completed the trial .  Curcuminoids supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose ( p < 0.01 ) , HbA1c ( p = 0.031 ) , and insulin resistance index ( HOMA-IR ) ( p < 0.01 ) in type 2 diabetic patients  . Curcuminoids also led to a significant decrease in serum total FFAs ( p < 0.01 ) , triglycerides ( P = 0.018 ) , an increase in LPL activity ( p < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION These findings suggest a glucose-lowering effect of curcuminoids in type 2 diabetes , which is partially due to decrease in serum FFAs , which may result from promoting fatty acid oxidation and utilization Background The effect of an herbal formulation LI85008F on weight loss in obese human subjects was evaluated in an 8-weeks r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study ( Clinical Trial Registration no. IS RCT N37381706 ) . Fifty obese subjects ( Body mass index 30 to 40 kg/m² , 29.3 % male ; 70.7 % female ; ages 27–50 years ) were r and omized into two groups ; placebo ( n = 25 ) and LI85008F formulation ( n = 25 ) . The participants received either 900 mg/day of LI85008F formulation in three divided doses or three identical placebo capsules and all of them remained on a calorie-controlled diet ( 2000 cal/day ) and 30 min walking for 5 days a week during the entire duration of the study . Results and discussion At the end of the trial period , LI85008F supplemented group showed significant net reductions in body weight and Body Mass Index ( BMI ) . The participants who received the herbal formulation , showed reduced fasting blood glucose , LDL , LDL/HDL ratio , and triglycerides . At the end of the study , LI85008F supplementation also provided 21.26 % ( p = 0.012 ) increase in serum adiponectin level , compared with the placebo group . No major adverse events were reported by the participants in the study duration . In addition , Adipokine profiling study in 3T3-L1 adipocytes demonstrates that LI85008F modulates key regulatory factors of adipogenic differentiation and insulin sensitivity , such as Adiponectin , Pref-1 , and resistin . Conclusion The herbal formulation LI85008F ( Adipromin ) is prepared from commonly used medicinal plants extracts , which provides useful and safe application for weight loss in obese humans . It also demonstrates potential promise in controlling healthy blood glucose level in obesity linked type 2 diabetes BACKGROUND In the present study , the improvement of diabetic microangiopathy and retinopathy was evaluated in 38 diabetic patients treated with a novel curcumin phospholipids delivery form ( Meriva ® ) .  METHODS Diabetes was diagnosed at least 5 years before inclusion and all patients had signs of retinal oedema and of peripheral microangiopathy .  Meriva ® was administered at the dosage of 2 tablets/day ( each tablet containing 500 mg Meriva ® corresponding to 100 mg curcumin ) for a period of at least 4 weeks in addition to the st and ard management plan , while a comparable group of subjects ( n = 39 ) followed the st and ard management plan alone . RESULTS All subjects ( treatment and controls ) completed the follow-up period , there were no dropouts and Meriva ® showed an optimal tolerability . At 4 weeks , microcirculatory and clinical evaluations indicated an improvement of microangiopathy . In terms of peripheral microangiopathy , in the Meriva ® group , there was a significant improvement in the venoarteriolar response ( p<0.05 ) and a decrease in the score of peripheral oedema ( p<0.05 ) , a sign typically associated with the failure of the venoarteriolar response . At the retinal level , high-resolution , duplex scanning , used to measure retinal flow , showed improvements in the Meriva ® treated patients . The evaluation of retinal oedema ( Steigerwalt 's scale ) showed an improvement associated with improved visual acuity ( Snellen scale ) . There were no clinical or microcirculatory effects in controls . CONCLUSION These preliminary observations , indicate the value of curcumin , when administered in a bioavailable form as with Meriva ® , in the management of diabetic microangiopathy and retinopathy Objective : Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia result ing from defects in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both or insulin resistance . Curcumin inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway . The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of Nano-curcumin on HbA1C , fast blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients . Material s and Methods : Seventy type-2 diabetic patients ( fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hr postpr and ial blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl ) r and omly receivedeither Curcumin ( as nano-micelle 80 mg/day ) or placebo  for 3 months in a double blind r and omized clinical trial . Fasting blood glucose , HbA1C , and lipids profile were checked before and after the intervention . Data analyses , including parametric and nonparametric tests were done using the SPSS 11.5 software . A p value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant . ( RCT registration code : I RCT 2013081114330N1 ) Results : Mean age , BMI , FBG , total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , LDL , HDL , HbA1c , and sex and had no significant difference at the baseline between the groups . In Nano-cur 
    Output:
    