human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: To assess the immediate and sustained relief of the symptoms of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome ( IC/PBlS ) after a consecutive 5‐day course of treatment with intravesical alkalinized lidocaine ( PSD597 ) , and to characterize the pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of intravesical PSD597 in a subgroup of patients OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intravesical pentosanpolysulphate ( PPS ) compared with placebo in patients with interstitial cystitis ( IC ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for IC participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study ; 10 received intravesical PPS ( 300 mg in 50 mL of 0.9 % sodium chloride ) applied twice a week for 3 months and the other 10 received a placebo .  Symptomatic relief and objective variables ( bladder capacity voiding volumes and urinary frequency ) were assessed after 3 months and the long-term outcome of those continuing treatment was determined . RESULTS Of the patients treated with PPS , four gained significant symptomatic relief compared with only two receiving placebo . Only the urodynamic bladder capacity showed a statistically significant increase in patients treated with PPS ( P = 0.047 ) . At 18 months from the start of the study , the symptoms were relieved in eight patients while still receiving PPS instillations and in four without treatment . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intravesical PPS is an effective option for the treatment of IC and shows that the intravesical application of PPS is a safe treatment with no important side-effects PURPOSE We compared intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin ( BCG ) to placebo instillations in patients with treatment refractory interstitial cystitis ( IC ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Subjects who met the National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria for IC , and reported at least moderate pain and frequency for a minimum of 6 months before study entry , were r and omized to 6 weekly double-blinded intravesical instillations of either BCG or placebo , and then followed for a total of 34 weeks . The primary outcome was a patient reported global response assessment at week 34 , supplemented with medications for IC during weeks 31 to 34 . Secondary outcomes included a 24-hour voiding diary , pain , urgency , vali date d IC symptom indexes and adverse events . The target sample size was 260 participants , design ed to detect a difference in response rates between placebo and BCG of 30 % and 50 % , respectively . RESULTS A total of 265 participants were r and omized and 17 ( 6 % ) patients withdrew from study . The response rates for the primary outcome were 12 % for placebo and 21 % for BCG ( p = 0.062 ) . Small improvements were observed for all secondary outcomes , some more so with BCG , but these differences were of borderline statistical significance . Although a large number of adverse events were reported in the BCG arm , there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment arms in overall adverse event rates . CONCLUSIONS Although the BCG safety profile was acceptable , the response rate for the primary outcome was low . Effective medical treatment for patients with moderate to severe interstitial cystitis remains elusive PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gurein injection in the treatment of female patients with interstitial cystitis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty women meeting the National Institute of Arthritis , Diabetes , digestive and kidney diseases criteria for interstitial cystitis , were r and omized in a double-blinded fashion in two groups each consisted of 15 patients to receive six , weekly instillation of 120 mg BCG vaccine of Iranian Institute of pastor or placebo . Periodic question naires on symptoms of interstitial cystitis , voiding diaries , bladder capacity at first desire to void , and maximum bladder capacity were obtained . Adverse events were closely monitored during the treatment and follow-up phases of the study . Subjective and objective baseline values were compared with the follow-up data . RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 24 ( range 6 to 33 ) months 11 out of 15 ( 73 % ) in BCG group , and 3 out of 15 ( 20 % ) in placebo group responded to the treatment ( p<0.002 ) . Responders were defined the patients with more than 40 % improvement in the symptoms of interstitial cystitis . The global improvement in symptoms and signs of interstitial cystitis was 62 % . Adverse events were similar in both groups , mostly irritative in nature and no significant systemic event was noted . BCG did not worsen interstitial cystitis symptoms . CONCLUSION We concluded that intravesical BCG is safe , effective , available , and inexpensive with relatively durable results in the treatment of interstitial cystitis PURPOSE We assess the efficacy of intravesical administration of oxybutynin chloride in patients with interstitial cystitis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The study included 36 women with a mean age of 45 years with a diagnosis of interstitial cystitis . Patients were treated with gradual intravesical instillation of saline oxybutynin solution ( oxybutynin group ) or gradual filling of simple saline ( control group ) . Evaluation parameters consisted of symptom problem index , voids per day , volume per void , functional bladder capacity , volume at first sensation , cystometric bladder capacity and cystometric volume at first sensation . RESULTS Statistically significant improvement of all evaluated parameters was found in both groups . When comparing the outcomes statistically significant improvement of parameters favored the oxybutynin group . CONCLUSIONS Bladder training alone produces a satisfactory result by gradually exp and ing the bladder , and an additional statistically significant improvement is evident with intravesical oxybutynin 
    Output:
    
agent
Meta- analysis of BCG therapy showed improvement in symptoms according to the Wisconsin Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Inventory , but no difference in 24-h urinary frequency .
Conclusions Meta- analysis showed an improvement exclusively of the symptoms as measured by the Wisconsin Interstitial Cystitis Inventory , but not in 24-h urinary frequency , with BCG therapy .
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: To assess the immediate and sustained relief of the symptoms of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome ( IC/PBlS ) after a consecutive 5‐day course of treatment with intravesical alkalinized lidocaine ( PSD597 ) , and to characterize the pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of intravesical PSD597 in a subgroup of patients OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intravesical pentosanpolysulphate ( PPS ) compared with placebo in patients with interstitial cystitis ( IC ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for IC participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study ; 10 received intravesical PPS ( 300 mg in 50 mL of 0.9 % sodium chloride ) applied twice a week for 3 months and the other 10 received a placebo .  Symptomatic relief and objective variables ( bladder capacity voiding volumes and urinary frequency ) were assessed after 3 months and the long-term outcome of those continuing treatment was determined . RESULTS Of the patients treated with PPS , four gained significant symptomatic relief compared with only two receiving placebo . Only the urodynamic bladder capacity showed a statistically significant increase in patients treated with PPS ( P = 0.047 ) . At 18 months from the start of the study , the symptoms were relieved in eight patients while still receiving PPS instillations and in four without treatment . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intravesical PPS is an effective option for the treatment of IC and shows that the intravesical application of PPS is a safe treatment with no important side-effects PURPOSE We compared intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin ( BCG ) to placebo instillations in patients with treatment refractory interstitial cystitis ( IC ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Subjects who met the National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria for IC , and reported at least moderate pain and frequency for a minimum of 6 months before study entry , were r and omized to 6 weekly double-blinded intravesical instillations of either BCG or placebo , and then followed for a total of 34 weeks . The primary outcome was a patient reported global response assessment at week 34 , supplemented with medications for IC during weeks 31 to 34 . Secondary outcomes included a 24-hour voiding diary , pain , urgency , vali date d IC symptom indexes and adverse events . The target sample size was 260 participants , design ed to detect a difference in response rates between placebo and BCG of 30 % and 50 % , respectively . RESULTS A total of 265 participants were r and omized and 17 ( 6 % ) patients withdrew from study . The response rates for the primary outcome were 12 % for placebo and 21 % for BCG ( p = 0.062 ) . Small improvements were observed for all secondary outcomes , some more so with BCG , but these differences were of borderline statistical significance . Although a large number of adverse events were reported in the BCG arm , there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment arms in overall adverse event rates . CONCLUSIONS Although the BCG safety profile was acceptable , the response rate for the primary outcome was low . Effective medical treatment for patients with moderate to severe interstitial cystitis remains elusive PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gurein injection in the treatment of female patients with interstitial cystitis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty women meeting the National Institute of Arthritis , Diabetes , digestive and kidney diseases criteria for interstitial cystitis , were r and omized in a double-blinded fashion in two groups each consisted of 15 patients to receive six , weekly instillation of 120 mg BCG vaccine of Iranian Institute of pastor or placebo . Periodic question naires on symptoms of interstitial cystitis , voiding diaries , bladder capacity at first desire to void , and maximum bladder capacity were obtained . Adverse events were closely monitored during the treatment and follow-up phases of the study . Subjective and objective baseline values were compared with the follow-up data . RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 24 ( range 6 to 33 ) months 11 out of 15 ( 73 % ) in BCG group , and 3 out of 15 ( 20 % ) in placebo group responded to the treatment ( p<0.002 ) . Responders were defined the patients with more than 40 % improvement in the symptoms of interstitial cystitis . The global improvement in symptoms and signs of interstitial cystitis was 62 % . Adverse events were similar in both groups , mostly irritative in nature and no significant systemic event was noted . BCG did not worsen interstitial cystitis symptoms . CONCLUSION We concluded that intravesical BCG is safe , effective , available , and inexpensive with relatively durable results in the treatment of interstitial cystitis PURPOSE We assess the efficacy of intravesical administration of oxybutynin chloride in patients with interstitial cystitis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The study included 36 women with a mean age of 45 years with a diagnosis of interstitial cystitis . Patients were treated with gradual intravesical instillation of saline oxybutynin solution ( oxybutynin group ) or gradual filling of simple saline ( control group ) . Evaluation parameters consisted of symptom problem index , voids per day , volume per void , functional bladder capacity , volume at first sensation , cystometric bladder capacity and cystometric volume at first sensation . RESULTS Statistically significant improvement of all evaluated parameters was found in both groups . When comparing the outcomes statistically significant improvement of parameters favored the oxybutynin group . CONCLUSIONS Bladder training alone produces a satisfactory result by gradually exp and ing the bladder , and an additional statistically significant improvement is evident with intravesical oxybutynin 
    Output:
    