human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES The aim of the present split-mouth study is to assess the peri-implant conditions around early-loaded s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) implants , 5 years after abutment connection and to compare , in the same patients , the results obtained with a st and ard protocol using identical implants with a TPS surface . MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgical procedure was performed by the same operator and was identical at test ( SLA ) and control ( TPS ) sites , in 32 healthy patients . Abutment connection was carried out at 35 N cm 6 weeks postsurgery for test sites and 12 weeks for the controls . Patients were seen regularly , for control and professional cleaning . At 60 months , clinical measures and radiographic bone changes were recorded by the same operator , blind to the type of surface of the implant , on 27 patients , as five patients were lost to follow-up . RESULTS A total number of 106 implants were examined . No implant was lost . No significant differences were found with respect to the presence of plaque [ modified plaque index ( mPI ) 0.27+/-0.56 vs. 0.32+/-0.54 ] , bleeding on probing ( 29 % vs. 32 % ) , mean pocket depth ( 3.2+/-1 vs. 3.2+/-1 mm ) or mean marginal bone loss ( 0.32+/-1.04 vs. 0.44+/-1.12 mm ) between test and control . Four implants that presented ' spinning ' at the time of abutment connection presented no significant differences from the rest of the test sites . CONCLUSION The results of this prospect i ve study confirm that SLA implants , under defined conditions , are suitable for early loading at 6 weeks in both the m and ible and the maxilla . Limited implant spinning , occasionally found at abutment connection , produces no detrimental effect on the clinical outcome when properly h and led The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of immediately restored implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces over a period of 5 years . Twenty patients ( mean age , 47.3 years ) received a total of 21 SLA wide-neck implants in healed m and ibular first molar sites after initial periodontal treatment . To be included in the study , the implants had to demonstrate primary stability with an insertion torque value of 35 Ncm . A provisional restoration was fabricated chairside and placed on the day of surgery . Definitive cemented restorations were inserted 8 weeks after surgery . Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs ( CPITN ) indices and the radiographic distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone-implant contact ( DIB ) were measured and compared over the study period . The initial mean CPITN was 3.24 , and decreased over the study period to 1.43 . At the postoperative radiographic examination , the mean DIB was 1.41 mm for the 21 implants , indicating that part of the machined neck of the implants was placed slightly below the osseous crest . The mean DIB value increased to 1.99 mm at the 5-year examination . This increase proved to be statistically significant ( P < .0001 ) . Between the baseline and 5-year examinations , the mean bone crest level loss was 0.58 mm . Success and survival rates of the 21 implants after 5 years of function were 100 % . This 5-year study confirms that immediate restoration of m and ibular molar wide-neck implants with good primary stability , as noted by insertion torque values of at least 35 Ncm , is a safe and predictable procedure OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospect i ve cohort study was to evaluate the success rate of titanium screw-type implants with the s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface loaded early , after 6 weeks of healing . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 104 implants were inserted into posterior sites of 51 partially edentulous patients exhibiting bone densities of class I-III . After a healing period of 6 weeks , all implants were functionally loaded with cemented crowns or fixed partial dentures . The patients were recalled at 3 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 and 60 months for clinical and radiographic examination . RESULTS One implant failed to integrate during healing , and three implants were lost to follow-up and were considered drop-outs . The remaining 100 implants showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 5-year examination . The peri-implant soft tissues were stable over time ; the mean probing depths and mean attachment levels did not change during the follow-up period . None of the radiographs exhibited signs of continuous peri-implant radiolucency , which confirmed ankylotic stability for all 100 implants . The measurement of the bone crest levels ( DIB values ) indicated stability as well . Based on strict success criteria , all 100 implants were considered successfully integrated , result ing in a 5-year success rate of 99 % . CONCLUSION This prospect i ve study using an early loading protocol with 6 weeks of healing demonstrated that titanium implants with the SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration with high predictability for at least 5 years of follow-up in selected patients and sites PROBLEM Several factors influence primary stabilization of  dental implants  at placement surgery . These include implant design , bone quality , implant jaw location , and the use of a bone tap . PURPOSE This report evaluates clinical data gathered by the Ankylos Implant Clinical Research Group ( AICRG ) to assess ( 1 ) the influence of several variables on primary stability and ( 2 ) the potential for an Ankylos implant ( Friadent GmbH , Mannheim , Germany ) that is mobile at placement to integrate and survive for at least 3 years of clinical function . METHODS The Ankylos implant is a roughened grade -2 titanium screw .  A total of 1554 implants were placed in 478 patients . At both the time of placement and abutment connection , the implants were tested for evidence of clinical mobility by attempting to rotate or move the implant with an application of force . Survival was recorded from placement and up to 36 months following placement . RESULTS At placement , 2.8 % were found to be mobile . In the maxillary posterior quadrant , 6.3 % were clinical ly mobile . Implant mobility was frequent ( 12.2 % ) in jaw regions with poor- quality bone ( BQ-4 ) or with short implants ( 8 mm = 8.3 % mobile ) . Of the implants mobile at placement , 97.7 % were stable at uncovering . The 3-year postplacement survival of initially mobile implants was 84.1 % compared with 96.8 % for implants not mobile at placement ( chi2 test , P = .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS The Ankylos implant predictably promoted primary stability during surgical placement . Poor bone quality , short implants , and maxillary posterior jaw locations were all associated with a slightly higher rate of mobility at placement . Primary implant stability , while highly desirable , is not absolutely necessary for achieving osseointegration of PURPOSE The aim of this 3-year r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) was to compare biologic and technical treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction after early ( < or = 14 days postimplantation ) loaded implants with those of implants loaded after a healing period of 3 to 4 months in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with completely edentulous maxillae were r and omized into a test group ( n = 16 ) and a control group ( n = 8) . All patients received 5 or 6 solid screw-type titanium implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces . In total , 142 implants were placed and 139 implants were loaded with full-arch prostheses  . Clinical assessment s were obtained at loading and after 3 , 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months . Radiographs of implants and existing teeth were taken at loading ; after 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months ; and at 12 , 24 , and 36 months , respectively . RESULTS The cumulative implant success rate 3 years after loading was 100 % . At the 3-year examination the mean ( P < or = .005 ) , distal ( P < or = .005 ) , and mesial ( P > .05 ) crestal bone levels were better in the test group . No significant differences between the test and control groups were noted for any other outcome measure . The most common adverse event in both groups was tooth-crown fracture . DISCUSSION A review of the literature , both printed and electronic , revealed no study fulfilling the criteria of an RCT dealing with the early loading of maxillary full-arch prostheses . This study fulfills those criteria . CONCLUSION In this study population it has been concluded that the early ( approximately 2 weeks ) loading protocol is a viable alternative to the st and ard ( 3 to 4 months ) protocol in the rehabilitation of a completely edentulous maxilla with a complete implant-supported fixed prosthesis PURPOSE The aim of this prospect i ve case series study was to evaluate the short-term success rates of  titanium screw-type implants  with a chemically modified s and -blasted and acid-etched ( mod SLA ) surface after 3 weeks of healing . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 56 implants were inserted in the posterior m and ible of 40 partially edentulous patients exhibiting bone densities of class I to III . After a healing period of 3 weeks , all implants were functionally loaded with a screw-retained crown or fixed dental prosthesis . The patients were recalled at weeks 4 , 7 , 12 , and 26 for monitoring and assessment of clinical and radiological parameters , including implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) measurements . RESULTS None of the implants failed to integrate . However , two implants were considered " spinners " at day 21 and left unloaded for an extended period . Therefore , 96.4 % of the inserted implants were loaded according to the protocol tested . All 56 implants including the " spinners " showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 6-month follow-up examination . The ISQ values increased steadily throughout the follow-up period . At the time of implant placement , the range of ISQ values exhibited a mean of 74.33 , and by week 26 , a mean value of 83.82 was recorded . Based on strict criteria , all 56 implants were considered successfully integrated , result ing in a 6-month survival and success rate of 100.0 % . CONCLUSION This prospect i ve study using an early-loading protocol after 3 weeks of healing demonstrated that titanium implants with the modified SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration over a period of at least 6 months . The ISQ method seems feasible to monitor implant stability during the initial wound-healing period PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concept of an immediate loading protocol in the posterior maxilla and m and ible through analysis of implant survival at 1 year . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One year follow-up data of a multicenter study are reported . Eighty-two ITI s and blasted , acid-etched ( SLA ) implants in 40 patients were loaded between 0 and 11 days after implant placement ( mean 4.3 + /- 2.8 days ) . The restorations consisted of either 2 splinted crowns or a 3-unit fixed prosthesis . All restorations were put into full functional occlusion . Periapical radiographs were evaluated for changes in crestal bone level from baseline to 1 year postloading . Primary stability of the implants was checked initially and before the fitting of the definitive prosthesis . The restorations were evaluated by the practitioners for retention , stability , and esthetics . RESULTS Three patients ' implants were not loaded because of lack of primary stability , and a fourth patient was excluded from the study because of a protocol violation ( more than 4 implants were used ) . All 4 patients were successfully treated outside the protocol . The overall survival rate of the remaining implants at 1 year was 98.8 % . The mean bone loss at 1 year was 0.52 + /- 0.98 mm , which is within the reported limits of less than 1 mm ( range 0.4 to 1.4 mm ) loss in the first year . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The early results from this study indicate that early and immediate loading of 2 implants in the posterior maxilla and m and ible may be suitable in selected patients . On the basis of 1 year of observation , the results appear similar to those achieved with a delayed procedure Experimental and clinical studies have shown that modification of implant surfaces can result in increased bone-to-implant contact at earlier times thus reducing the healing period between surgery and prosthesis . S and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) implants are in this category and have successfully undergone early loading in patients with good bone quality and quantity . Nevertheless , premature loading of SLA implants was not routinely possible in predominantly trabecular bone , such as the posterior maxilla , as it is often characterized by a deficiency in initial bone to implant contact . The purpose of this prospect i ve clinical investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of a modified surgical protocol followed by loading SLA implants at 6 weeks in the posterior maxilla . Drilling was limited to the minimum , and most of the site preparation was produced with osteotomes . Screw tapping was never performed and primary stability was always achieved . Abutment connection was carried out at 15 Ncm 43 ( + /- 1 ) days after surgery and provisional restoration was fabricated . Further abutment tightening at 35 Ncm was performed after an additional 6 weeks . Of the 36 SLA implants placed in 19 patients , one was 
    Output:
    
agent
Despite of the positive findings achieved by the included studies , few RCTs were available for analysis for SLActive implants .
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES The aim of the present split-mouth study is to assess the peri-implant conditions around early-loaded s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) implants , 5 years after abutment connection and to compare , in the same patients , the results obtained with a st and ard protocol using identical implants with a TPS surface . MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgical procedure was performed by the same operator and was identical at test ( SLA ) and control ( TPS ) sites , in 32 healthy patients . Abutment connection was carried out at 35 N cm 6 weeks postsurgery for test sites and 12 weeks for the controls . Patients were seen regularly , for control and professional cleaning . At 60 months , clinical measures and radiographic bone changes were recorded by the same operator , blind to the type of surface of the implant , on 27 patients , as five patients were lost to follow-up . RESULTS A total number of 106 implants were examined . No implant was lost . No significant differences were found with respect to the presence of plaque [ modified plaque index ( mPI ) 0.27+/-0.56 vs. 0.32+/-0.54 ] , bleeding on probing ( 29 % vs. 32 % ) , mean pocket depth ( 3.2+/-1 vs. 3.2+/-1 mm ) or mean marginal bone loss ( 0.32+/-1.04 vs. 0.44+/-1.12 mm ) between test and control . Four implants that presented ' spinning ' at the time of abutment connection presented no significant differences from the rest of the test sites . CONCLUSION The results of this prospect i ve study confirm that SLA implants , under defined conditions , are suitable for early loading at 6 weeks in both the m and ible and the maxilla . Limited implant spinning , occasionally found at abutment connection , produces no detrimental effect on the clinical outcome when properly h and led The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of immediately restored implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces over a period of 5 years . Twenty patients ( mean age , 47.3 years ) received a total of 21 SLA wide-neck implants in healed m and ibular first molar sites after initial periodontal treatment . To be included in the study , the implants had to demonstrate primary stability with an insertion torque value of 35 Ncm . A provisional restoration was fabricated chairside and placed on the day of surgery . Definitive cemented restorations were inserted 8 weeks after surgery . Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs ( CPITN ) indices and the radiographic distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone-implant contact ( DIB ) were measured and compared over the study period . The initial mean CPITN was 3.24 , and decreased over the study period to 1.43 . At the postoperative radiographic examination , the mean DIB was 1.41 mm for the 21 implants , indicating that part of the machined neck of the implants was placed slightly below the osseous crest . The mean DIB value increased to 1.99 mm at the 5-year examination . This increase proved to be statistically significant ( P < .0001 ) . Between the baseline and 5-year examinations , the mean bone crest level loss was 0.58 mm . Success and survival rates of the 21 implants after 5 years of function were 100 % . This 5-year study confirms that immediate restoration of m and ibular molar wide-neck implants with good primary stability , as noted by insertion torque values of at least 35 Ncm , is a safe and predictable procedure OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospect i ve cohort study was to evaluate the success rate of titanium screw-type implants with the s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface loaded early , after 6 weeks of healing . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 104 implants were inserted into posterior sites of 51 partially edentulous patients exhibiting bone densities of class I-III . After a healing period of 6 weeks , all implants were functionally loaded with cemented crowns or fixed partial dentures . The patients were recalled at 3 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 and 60 months for clinical and radiographic examination . RESULTS One implant failed to integrate during healing , and three implants were lost to follow-up and were considered drop-outs . The remaining 100 implants showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 5-year examination . The peri-implant soft tissues were stable over time ; the mean probing depths and mean attachment levels did not change during the follow-up period . None of the radiographs exhibited signs of continuous peri-implant radiolucency , which confirmed ankylotic stability for all 100 implants . The measurement of the bone crest levels ( DIB values ) indicated stability as well . Based on strict success criteria , all 100 implants were considered successfully integrated , result ing in a 5-year success rate of 99 % . CONCLUSION This prospect i ve study using an early loading protocol with 6 weeks of healing demonstrated that titanium implants with the SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration with high predictability for at least 5 years of follow-up in selected patients and sites PROBLEM Several factors influence primary stabilization of  dental implants  at placement surgery . These include implant design , bone quality , implant jaw location , and the use of a bone tap . PURPOSE This report evaluates clinical data gathered by the Ankylos Implant Clinical Research Group ( AICRG ) to assess ( 1 ) the influence of several variables on primary stability and ( 2 ) the potential for an Ankylos implant ( Friadent GmbH , Mannheim , Germany ) that is mobile at placement to integrate and survive for at least 3 years of clinical function . METHODS The Ankylos implant is a roughened grade -2 titanium screw .  A total of 1554 implants were placed in 478 patients . At both the time of placement and abutment connection , the implants were tested for evidence of clinical mobility by attempting to rotate or move the implant with an application of force . Survival was recorded from placement and up to 36 months following placement . RESULTS At placement , 2.8 % were found to be mobile . In the maxillary posterior quadrant , 6.3 % were clinical ly mobile . Implant mobility was frequent ( 12.2 % ) in jaw regions with poor- quality bone ( BQ-4 ) or with short implants ( 8 mm = 8.3 % mobile ) . Of the implants mobile at placement , 97.7 % were stable at uncovering . The 3-year postplacement survival of initially mobile implants was 84.1 % compared with 96.8 % for implants not mobile at placement ( chi2 test , P = .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS The Ankylos implant predictably promoted primary stability during surgical placement . Poor bone quality , short implants , and maxillary posterior jaw locations were all associated with a slightly higher rate of mobility at placement . Primary implant stability , while highly desirable , is not absolutely necessary for achieving osseointegration of PURPOSE The aim of this 3-year r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) was to compare biologic and technical treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction after early ( < or = 14 days postimplantation ) loaded implants with those of implants loaded after a healing period of 3 to 4 months in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with completely edentulous maxillae were r and omized into a test group ( n = 16 ) and a control group ( n = 8) . All patients received 5 or 6 solid screw-type titanium implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces . In total , 142 implants were placed and 139 implants were loaded with full-arch prostheses  . Clinical assessment s were obtained at loading and after 3 , 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months . Radiographs of implants and existing teeth were taken at loading ; after 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months ; and at 12 , 24 , and 36 months , respectively . RESULTS The cumulative implant success rate 3 years after loading was 100 % . At the 3-year examination the mean ( P < or = .005 ) , distal ( P < or = .005 ) , and mesial ( P > .05 ) crestal bone levels were better in the test group . No significant differences between the test and control groups were noted for any other outcome measure . The most common adverse event in both groups was tooth-crown fracture . DISCUSSION A review of the literature , both printed and electronic , revealed no study fulfilling the criteria of an RCT dealing with the early loading of maxillary full-arch prostheses . This study fulfills those criteria . CONCLUSION In this study population it has been concluded that the early ( approximately 2 weeks ) loading protocol is a viable alternative to the st and ard ( 3 to 4 months ) protocol in the rehabilitation of a completely edentulous maxilla with a complete implant-supported fixed prosthesis PURPOSE The aim of this prospect i ve case series study was to evaluate the short-term success rates of  titanium screw-type implants  with a chemically modified s and -blasted and acid-etched ( mod SLA ) surface after 3 weeks of healing . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 56 implants were inserted in the posterior m and ible of 40 partially edentulous patients exhibiting bone densities of class I to III . After a healing period of 3 weeks , all implants were functionally loaded with a screw-retained crown or fixed dental prosthesis . The patients were recalled at weeks 4 , 7 , 12 , and 26 for monitoring and assessment of clinical and radiological parameters , including implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) measurements . RESULTS None of the implants failed to integrate . However , two implants were considered " spinners " at day 21 and left unloaded for an extended period . Therefore , 96.4 % of the inserted implants were loaded according to the protocol tested . All 56 implants including the " spinners " showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 6-month follow-up examination . The ISQ values increased steadily throughout the follow-up period . At the time of implant placement , the range of ISQ values exhibited a mean of 74.33 , and by week 26 , a mean value of 83.82 was recorded . Based on strict criteria , all 56 implants were considered successfully integrated , result ing in a 6-month survival and success rate of 100.0 % . CONCLUSION This prospect i ve study using an early-loading protocol after 3 weeks of healing demonstrated that titanium implants with the modified SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration over a period of at least 6 months . The ISQ method seems feasible to monitor implant stability during the initial wound-healing period PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concept of an immediate loading protocol in the posterior maxilla and m and ible through analysis of implant survival at 1 year . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One year follow-up data of a multicenter study are reported . Eighty-two ITI s and blasted , acid-etched ( SLA ) implants in 40 patients were loaded between 0 and 11 days after implant placement ( mean 4.3 + /- 2.8 days ) . The restorations consisted of either 2 splinted crowns or a 3-unit fixed prosthesis . All restorations were put into full functional occlusion . Periapical radiographs were evaluated for changes in crestal bone level from baseline to 1 year postloading . Primary stability of the implants was checked initially and before the fitting of the definitive prosthesis . The restorations were evaluated by the practitioners for retention , stability , and esthetics . RESULTS Three patients ' implants were not loaded because of lack of primary stability , and a fourth patient was excluded from the study because of a protocol violation ( more than 4 implants were used ) . All 4 patients were successfully treated outside the protocol . The overall survival rate of the remaining implants at 1 year was 98.8 % . The mean bone loss at 1 year was 0.52 + /- 0.98 mm , which is within the reported limits of less than 1 mm ( range 0.4 to 1.4 mm ) loss in the first year . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The early results from this study indicate that early and immediate loading of 2 implants in the posterior maxilla and m and ible may be suitable in selected patients . On the basis of 1 year of observation , the results appear similar to those achieved with a delayed procedure Experimental and clinical studies have shown that modification of implant surfaces can result in increased bone-to-implant contact at earlier times thus reducing the healing period between surgery and prosthesis . S and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) implants are in this category and have successfully undergone early loading in patients with good bone quality and quantity . Nevertheless , premature loading of SLA implants was not routinely possible in predominantly trabecular bone , such as the posterior maxilla , as it is often characterized by a deficiency in initial bone to implant contact . The purpose of this prospect i ve clinical investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of a modified surgical protocol followed by loading SLA implants at 6 weeks in the posterior maxilla . Drilling was limited to the minimum , and most of the site preparation was produced with osteotomes . Screw tapping was never performed and primary stability was always achieved . Abutment connection was carried out at 15 Ncm 43 ( + /- 1 ) days after surgery and provisional restoration was fabricated . Further abutment tightening at 35 Ncm was performed after an additional 6 weeks . Of the 36 SLA implants placed in 19 patients , one was 
    Output:
    