human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: CONTEXT Single-site studies suggest that a 2-week program of constraint-induced movement therapy ( CIMT ) for patients more than 1 year after stroke who maintain some h and and wrist movement can improve upper extremity function that persists for at least 1 year . OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a 2-week multisite program of CIMT vs usual and customary care on improvement in upper extremity function among patients who had a first stroke within the previous 3 to 9 months . DESIGN AND SETTING The Extremity Constraint Induced Therapy Evaluation ( EXCITE ) trial , a prospect i ve , single-blind , r and omized , multisite clinical trial conducted at 7 US academic institutions between January 2001 and January 2003 . PARTICIPANTS Two hundred twenty-two individuals with predominantly ischemic stroke . INTERVENTIONS Participants were assigned to receive either CIMT ( n = 106 ; wearing a restraining mitt on the less-affected h and while engaging in repetitive task practice and behavioral shaping with the hemiplegic h and ) or usual and customary care ( n = 116 ; ranging from no treatment after concluding formal rehabilitation to pharmacologic or physiotherapeutic interventions ) ; patients were stratified by sex , prestroke dominant side , side of stroke , and level of paretic arm function . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Wolf Motor Function Test ( WMFT ) , a measure of laboratory time and strength-based ability and quality of movement ( functional ability ) , and the Motor Activity Log ( MAL ) , a measure of how well and how often 30 common daily activities are performed . RESULTS From baseline to 12 months , the CIMT group showed greater improvements than the control group in both the WMFT Performance Time ( decrease in mean time from 19.3 seconds to 9.3 seconds [ 52 % reduction ] vs from 24.0 seconds to 17.7 seconds [ 26 % reduction ] ; between-group difference , 34 % [ 95 % confidence interval { CI } , 12%-51 % ] ; P<.001 ) and in the MAL Amount of Use ( on a 0 - 5 scale , increase from 1.21 to 2.13 vs from 1.15 to 1.65 ; between-group difference , 0.43 [ 95 % CI , 0.05 - 0.80 ] ; P<.001 ) and MAL Quality of Movement ( on a 0 - 5 scale , increase from 1.26 to 2.23 vs 1.18 to 1.66 ; between-group difference , 0.48 [ 95 % CI , 0.13 - 0.84 ] ; P<.001 ) . The CIMT group achieved a decrease of 19.5 in self-perceived h and function difficulty ( Stroke Impact Scale h and domain ) vs a decrease of 10.1 for the control group ( between-group difference , 9.42 [ 95 % CI , 0.27 - 18.57 ] ; P=.05 ) . CONCLUSION Among patients who had a stroke within the previous 3 to 9 months , CIMT produced statistically significant and clinical ly relevant improvements in arm motor function that persisted for at least 1 year . Trial Registration clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00057018 CONTEXT Reorganization in central motor networks occurs during early recovery from hemiparetic stroke . In chronic stroke survivors , specific rehabilitation therapy can improve upper extremity function . OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that in patients who have chronic motor impairment following stroke , specific rehabilitation therapy that improves arm function is associated with reorganization of cortical networks . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PATIENTS A r and omized controlled clinical trial conducted in a US ambulatory rehabilitation program with 21 patients ( median [ IQR ] , 50.3 [ 34.8 - 77.3 ] months after unilateral stroke ) . Data were collected between 2001 and 2004 . INTERVENTIONS Patients were r and omly assigned to bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing ( BATRAC ) ( n = 9 ) or st and ardized dose-matched therapeutic exercises ( DMTE ) ( n = 12 ) . Both were conducted for 1 hour , 3 times a week , for 6 weeks . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Within 2 weeks before and after the intervention , brain activation during elbow movement assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) and functional outcome assessed using arm function scores . RESULTS Patients in the BATRAC group but not in the DMTE group increased hemispheric activation during paretic arm movement ( P = .03 ) . Changes in activation were observed in the contralesional cerebrum and ipsilesional cerebellum ( P = .009 ) . BATRAC was associated with significant increases in activation in pre central ( P<.001 ) and post central gyri ( P = .03 ) and the cerebellum ( P<.001 ) , although 3 BATRAC patients showed no fMRI changes . Considering all patients , there were no differences in functional outcome between groups . When only BATRAC patients with fMRI response were included ( n = 6 ) , BATRAC improved arm function more than DMTE did ( P = .02 ) . CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that BATRAC induces reorganization in contralesional motor networks and provide biological plausibility for repetitive bilateral training as a potential therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation in hemiparetic stroke The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a task-oriented exercise program with and without altered sensory input on postural stability in subjects with stroke . Sixteen hemiparetic subjects , at least 6 months post-stroke , were r and omly assigned to the experimental or control group , and participated in an 8-week task-oriented exercise program focusing on balance and mobility exercises . Exercises were performed under normal conditions by the control group , and under conditions of vision and surface manipulation by the experimental group . Pre- and post-test assessment s involved the measurement of the center of pressure ( COP ) displacement during double-legged stance and sit-to-st and under four sensory conditions : ( 1 ) eyes open , normal surface ; ( 2 ) eyes open , soft surface ; ( 3 ) eyes closed , normal surface ; and ( 4 ) eyes closed , soft surface , as well as the 10-m walking test . Results showed significant improvements ( P<0.05 ) in COP displacement under sensory conditions ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) for the experimental group only , and limited changes for the sit-to-st and in both groups after training . Significant improvements ( P<0.05 ) were also found in both groups for the walking test . It is concluded that a task-oriented exercise program , assisted by sensory manipulation , is more effective at improving the st and ing balance of stroke subjects than a conventional task-oriented program . Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die Wirkung eines anforderungsspezifischen Übungsprogramms mit und ohne Sinnesreizänderung auf die posturale Stabilität von Schlaganfallpatienten . Insgesamt 16 Hemiparetiker wurden mindestens sechs Monate nach dem Schlaganfall r and omisiert der Versuchs- oder der Kontrollgruppe zugeordnet , innerhalb derer sie acht Wochen an einem anforderungsspezifischen Programm mit speziellen Gleichgewichts- und Mobilitätsübungen teilnahmen . Die Kontrollgruppe führte die Übungen unter normalen Bedingungen durch , die Versuchsgruppe dagegen unter Manipulation der Aspekte Sicht und Gehflächen . Bei den Bewertungen vor und nach dem Test wurde die Verlagerung des Druckmittelpunkts ( COP ) während der zweibeinigen Haltung und der Aufstehübung anh and von vier Sinneszuständen gemessen : ( 1 ) offene Augen , normale Fläche , ( 2 ) offene Augen , weiche Fläche , ( 3 ) geschlossene Augen , normale Fläche und ( 4 ) geschlossene Augen , weiche Fläche sowie anh and des 10 m Gehtests . Die Ergebnisse wiesen nur bei der Versuchsgruppe bei der COP-Verlagerung unter den Sinneszuständen ( 1 ) und ( 2 ) beachtliche Verbesserungen ( P<0,05 ) auf und bei beiden Gruppen in beschränktem Maß Veränderungen bei der Aufstehübung . Bei beiden Gruppen wurden auch signifikante Verbesserungen ( P<0,05 ) beim Gehtest beobachtet . Daraus schließt sich , dass ein anforderungsspezifisches Übungsprogramm mit begleitender Sinnesmanipulation das Gleichgewicht von Schlaganfallpatienten bei aufrechter Körperhaltung effektiver verbessert als ein herkömmliches anforderungsspezifisches Programm . El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios dirigidos , con estimulación sensorial alterada o sin ella , sobre la estabilidad postural de sujetos con accidente vascular cerebral . Dieciséis sujetos hemiparéticos que habían sufrido un accidente vascular cerebral hacía al menos 6 meses , fueron distribuidos al azar en dos grupos : uno experimental y uno control . Los mismos participaron durante 8 semanas en un programa de ejercicios dirigidos , el cual se centraba en ejercicios de balance y de movilidad . El grupo control realizó los ejercicios en condiciones normales , mientras que el grupo experimental los realizó en condiciones en que la visión y las superficies fueron alteradas . En las evaluaciones realizadas antes y después de los ejercicios se midió la desviación del centro de presión ( CP ) durante la postura de pie utiliz and o ambas piernas , así como en la postura sentada , listo para ponerse de pie , bajo cuatro condiciones sensoriales deferentes : 1 ) ojos abiertos , superficie normal ;  2  ) ojos abiertos , superficie bl and a ;  3  ) ojos cerrados , superficie normal ;  y  4 ) ojos cerrados , superficie bl and a. Se realizó además la prueba de la marcha de los 10 m. Los result ados mostraron mejoras significativas ( P<0,05 ) en la desviación del CP en ambos grupos durante la prueba de la marcha . Se concluyó que un programa de ejercicios dirigidos , en los que se utilicen manipulaciones sensoriales , es más efectivo que un programa convencional de ejercicios dirigidos para mejorar el balance durante la postura de pie en sujetos con accidente vascular cerebral . Le but de cette étude était de comparer les effets d'un programme d'exercices fonctionnels assistés ou non de stimulations sensorielles sur la stabilité posturale de sujets atteints d'un accident vasculaire cérébral ( AVC ) . Seize sujets hémiparétiques atteints d'un AVC depuis au moins 6 mois et répartis de façon aléatoire au sein du groupe expérimental et du groupe témoin ont participé à un programme d'exercices fonctionnels de huit semaines portant sur des exercices d'équilibre et de mobilité . Les exercices étaient exécutés en situation normale par le groupe témoin et en situation de manipulation de la vision et de la surface de support par le groupe expérimental . Les évaluations pré et post exercices ont été effectuées à l'aide de la mesure du déplacement du centre de pression ( CP ) lors du maintien de la position debout en appui bipodal et du transfert assis-debout selon les quatre conditions sensorielles suivantes : yeux ouverts , surface normale ( 1 ) ; yeux ouverts , surface moelleuse ( 2 ) ; yeux fermés , surface normale ( 3 ) ; yeux fermés , surface moelleuse ( 4 ) . Le test de marche de 10 mètres a aussi été inclus dans l'évaluation . Les résultats ont démontré une amélioration significative ( P<0.05 ) du déplacement du CP dans les conditions 1 et 2 pour le groupe expérimental seulement ainsi que des changements limités pour le transfert assis-debout chez les deux groupes de sujets à la suite de l'entraînement . Une amélioration significative ( P<0.05 ) a été observée au niveau du test de marche chez les deux groupes de sujets . Cette étude a démontré qu'un programme d'exercices fonctionnels assistés de stimulations sensorielles est plus efficace pour l'amélioration du maintien de l'équilibre en position debout chez les sujets atteints d'un AVC qu'un programme d'exercices fonctionnels conventionnnel OBJECTIVE To examine rehabilitation interventions and result ing physical activity patterns of patients managed in acute stroke units to help inform development of a r and omized controlled trial of very early rehabilitation . DESIGN An open observational study of patient activity and therapist report of patient interventions . A survey of stroke unit re sources . METHODS Patients less than 14 days post-stroke from 5 metropolitan stroke units were observed over 2 consecutive weekdays at 10-minute intervals between 08.00 h and 17.00 h. Physical activity , location and person(s ) present were ascertained at each observation . Therapists completed treatment records . Senior staff completed stroke unit surveys . RESULTS Patients after stroke ( n=58 ) were with therapists 5.2 % of the observed day . Few patients ( 17.1 % ) received  daily therapy  by more than one therapist . When patients received therapy , average session times were 24 minutes of physiotherapy , 23 minutes of occupational therapy and 33 minutes of speech pathology .  The more time that family members were present , the longer the treatment time . Four to 11 min of upper-limb therapy was provided . Muscle weakness and left hemiparesis were associated with less upper-limb activity . CONCLUSION These acute stroke care units were re source d according to recommended staff- 
    Output:
    
agent
RESULTS Studies of task-related training showed benefits for functional outcome compared with traditional therapies .
Active use of task-oriented training with stroke survivors will lead to improvements in functional outcomes and overall health-related quality of life .
CONCLUSION Generally , task-oriented rehabilitation proved to be more effective .
Many interventions are feasible for nurses and can be performed in a ward or at home .
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: CONTEXT Single-site studies suggest that a 2-week program of constraint-induced movement therapy ( CIMT ) for patients more than 1 year after stroke who maintain some h and and wrist movement can improve upper extremity function that persists for at least 1 year . OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a 2-week multisite program of CIMT vs usual and customary care on improvement in upper extremity function among patients who had a first stroke within the previous 3 to 9 months . DESIGN AND SETTING The Extremity Constraint Induced Therapy Evaluation ( EXCITE ) trial , a prospect i ve , single-blind , r and omized , multisite clinical trial conducted at 7 US academic institutions between January 2001 and January 2003 . PARTICIPANTS Two hundred twenty-two individuals with predominantly ischemic stroke . INTERVENTIONS Participants were assigned to receive either CIMT ( n = 106 ; wearing a restraining mitt on the less-affected h and while engaging in repetitive task practice and behavioral shaping with the hemiplegic h and ) or usual and customary care ( n = 116 ; ranging from no treatment after concluding formal rehabilitation to pharmacologic or physiotherapeutic interventions ) ; patients were stratified by sex , prestroke dominant side , side of stroke , and level of paretic arm function . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Wolf Motor Function Test ( WMFT ) , a measure of laboratory time and strength-based ability and quality of movement ( functional ability ) , and the Motor Activity Log ( MAL ) , a measure of how well and how often 30 common daily activities are performed . RESULTS From baseline to 12 months , the CIMT group showed greater improvements than the control group in both the WMFT Performance Time ( decrease in mean time from 19.3 seconds to 9.3 seconds [ 52 % reduction ] vs from 24.0 seconds to 17.7 seconds [ 26 % reduction ] ; between-group difference , 34 % [ 95 % confidence interval { CI } , 12%-51 % ] ; P<.001 ) and in the MAL Amount of Use ( on a 0 - 5 scale , increase from 1.21 to 2.13 vs from 1.15 to 1.65 ; between-group difference , 0.43 [ 95 % CI , 0.05 - 0.80 ] ; P<.001 ) and MAL Quality of Movement ( on a 0 - 5 scale , increase from 1.26 to 2.23 vs 1.18 to 1.66 ; between-group difference , 0.48 [ 95 % CI , 0.13 - 0.84 ] ; P<.001 ) . The CIMT group achieved a decrease of 19.5 in self-perceived h and function difficulty ( Stroke Impact Scale h and domain ) vs a decrease of 10.1 for the control group ( between-group difference , 9.42 [ 95 % CI , 0.27 - 18.57 ] ; P=.05 ) . CONCLUSION Among patients who had a stroke within the previous 3 to 9 months , CIMT produced statistically significant and clinical ly relevant improvements in arm motor function that persisted for at least 1 year . Trial Registration clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00057018 CONTEXT Reorganization in central motor networks occurs during early recovery from hemiparetic stroke . In chronic stroke survivors , specific rehabilitation therapy can improve upper extremity function . OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that in patients who have chronic motor impairment following stroke , specific rehabilitation therapy that improves arm function is associated with reorganization of cortical networks . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PATIENTS A r and omized controlled clinical trial conducted in a US ambulatory rehabilitation program with 21 patients ( median [ IQR ] , 50.3 [ 34.8 - 77.3 ] months after unilateral stroke ) . Data were collected between 2001 and 2004 . INTERVENTIONS Patients were r and omly assigned to bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing ( BATRAC ) ( n = 9 ) or st and ardized dose-matched therapeutic exercises ( DMTE ) ( n = 12 ) . Both were conducted for 1 hour , 3 times a week , for 6 weeks . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Within 2 weeks before and after the intervention , brain activation during elbow movement assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) and functional outcome assessed using arm function scores . RESULTS Patients in the BATRAC group but not in the DMTE group increased hemispheric activation during paretic arm movement ( P = .03 ) . Changes in activation were observed in the contralesional cerebrum and ipsilesional cerebellum ( P = .009 ) . BATRAC was associated with significant increases in activation in pre central ( P<.001 ) and post central gyri ( P = .03 ) and the cerebellum ( P<.001 ) , although 3 BATRAC patients showed no fMRI changes . Considering all patients , there were no differences in functional outcome between groups . When only BATRAC patients with fMRI response were included ( n = 6 ) , BATRAC improved arm function more than DMTE did ( P = .02 ) . CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that BATRAC induces reorganization in contralesional motor networks and provide biological plausibility for repetitive bilateral training as a potential therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation in hemiparetic stroke The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a task-oriented exercise program with and without altered sensory input on postural stability in subjects with stroke . Sixteen hemiparetic subjects , at least 6 months post-stroke , were r and omly assigned to the experimental or control group , and participated in an 8-week task-oriented exercise program focusing on balance and mobility exercises . Exercises were performed under normal conditions by the control group , and under conditions of vision and surface manipulation by the experimental group . Pre- and post-test assessment s involved the measurement of the center of pressure ( COP ) displacement during double-legged stance and sit-to-st and under four sensory conditions : ( 1 ) eyes open , normal surface ; ( 2 ) eyes open , soft surface ; ( 3 ) eyes closed , normal surface ; and ( 4 ) eyes closed , soft surface , as well as the 10-m walking test . Results showed significant improvements ( P<0.05 ) in COP displacement under sensory conditions ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) for the experimental group only , and limited changes for the sit-to-st and in both groups after training . Significant improvements ( P<0.05 ) were also found in both groups for the walking test . It is concluded that a task-oriented exercise program , assisted by sensory manipulation , is more effective at improving the st and ing balance of stroke subjects than a conventional task-oriented program . Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die Wirkung eines anforderungsspezifischen Übungsprogramms mit und ohne Sinnesreizänderung auf die posturale Stabilität von Schlaganfallpatienten . Insgesamt 16 Hemiparetiker wurden mindestens sechs Monate nach dem Schlaganfall r and omisiert der Versuchs- oder der Kontrollgruppe zugeordnet , innerhalb derer sie acht Wochen an einem anforderungsspezifischen Programm mit speziellen Gleichgewichts- und Mobilitätsübungen teilnahmen . Die Kontrollgruppe führte die Übungen unter normalen Bedingungen durch , die Versuchsgruppe dagegen unter Manipulation der Aspekte Sicht und Gehflächen . Bei den Bewertungen vor und nach dem Test wurde die Verlagerung des Druckmittelpunkts ( COP ) während der zweibeinigen Haltung und der Aufstehübung anh and von vier Sinneszuständen gemessen : ( 1 ) offene Augen , normale Fläche , ( 2 ) offene Augen , weiche Fläche , ( 3 ) geschlossene Augen , normale Fläche und ( 4 ) geschlossene Augen , weiche Fläche sowie anh and des 10 m Gehtests . Die Ergebnisse wiesen nur bei der Versuchsgruppe bei der COP-Verlagerung unter den Sinneszuständen ( 1 ) und ( 2 ) beachtliche Verbesserungen ( P<0,05 ) auf und bei beiden Gruppen in beschränktem Maß Veränderungen bei der Aufstehübung . Bei beiden Gruppen wurden auch signifikante Verbesserungen ( P<0,05 ) beim Gehtest beobachtet . Daraus schließt sich , dass ein anforderungsspezifisches Übungsprogramm mit begleitender Sinnesmanipulation das Gleichgewicht von Schlaganfallpatienten bei aufrechter Körperhaltung effektiver verbessert als ein herkömmliches anforderungsspezifisches Programm . El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios dirigidos , con estimulación sensorial alterada o sin ella , sobre la estabilidad postural de sujetos con accidente vascular cerebral . Dieciséis sujetos hemiparéticos que habían sufrido un accidente vascular cerebral hacía al menos 6 meses , fueron distribuidos al azar en dos grupos : uno experimental y uno control . Los mismos participaron durante 8 semanas en un programa de ejercicios dirigidos , el cual se centraba en ejercicios de balance y de movilidad . El grupo control realizó los ejercicios en condiciones normales , mientras que el grupo experimental los realizó en condiciones en que la visión y las superficies fueron alteradas . En las evaluaciones realizadas antes y después de los ejercicios se midió la desviación del centro de presión ( CP ) durante la postura de pie utiliz and o ambas piernas , así como en la postura sentada , listo para ponerse de pie , bajo cuatro condiciones sensoriales deferentes : 1 ) ojos abiertos , superficie normal ;  2  ) ojos abiertos , superficie bl and a ;  3  ) ojos cerrados , superficie normal ;  y  4 ) ojos cerrados , superficie bl and a. Se realizó además la prueba de la marcha de los 10 m. Los result ados mostraron mejoras significativas ( P<0,05 ) en la desviación del CP en ambos grupos durante la prueba de la marcha . Se concluyó que un programa de ejercicios dirigidos , en los que se utilicen manipulaciones sensoriales , es más efectivo que un programa convencional de ejercicios dirigidos para mejorar el balance durante la postura de pie en sujetos con accidente vascular cerebral . Le but de cette étude était de comparer les effets d'un programme d'exercices fonctionnels assistés ou non de stimulations sensorielles sur la stabilité posturale de sujets atteints d'un accident vasculaire cérébral ( AVC ) . Seize sujets hémiparétiques atteints d'un AVC depuis au moins 6 mois et répartis de façon aléatoire au sein du groupe expérimental et du groupe témoin ont participé à un programme d'exercices fonctionnels de huit semaines portant sur des exercices d'équilibre et de mobilité . Les exercices étaient exécutés en situation normale par le groupe témoin et en situation de manipulation de la vision et de la surface de support par le groupe expérimental . Les évaluations pré et post exercices ont été effectuées à l'aide de la mesure du déplacement du centre de pression ( CP ) lors du maintien de la position debout en appui bipodal et du transfert assis-debout selon les quatre conditions sensorielles suivantes : yeux ouverts , surface normale ( 1 ) ; yeux ouverts , surface moelleuse ( 2 ) ; yeux fermés , surface normale ( 3 ) ; yeux fermés , surface moelleuse ( 4 ) . Le test de marche de 10 mètres a aussi été inclus dans l'évaluation . Les résultats ont démontré une amélioration significative ( P<0.05 ) du déplacement du CP dans les conditions 1 et 2 pour le groupe expérimental seulement ainsi que des changements limités pour le transfert assis-debout chez les deux groupes de sujets à la suite de l'entraînement . Une amélioration significative ( P<0.05 ) a été observée au niveau du test de marche chez les deux groupes de sujets . Cette étude a démontré qu'un programme d'exercices fonctionnels assistés de stimulations sensorielles est plus efficace pour l'amélioration du maintien de l'équilibre en position debout chez les sujets atteints d'un AVC qu'un programme d'exercices fonctionnels conventionnnel OBJECTIVE To examine rehabilitation interventions and result ing physical activity patterns of patients managed in acute stroke units to help inform development of a r and omized controlled trial of very early rehabilitation . DESIGN An open observational study of patient activity and therapist report of patient interventions . A survey of stroke unit re sources . METHODS Patients less than 14 days post-stroke from 5 metropolitan stroke units were observed over 2 consecutive weekdays at 10-minute intervals between 08.00 h and 17.00 h. Physical activity , location and person(s ) present were ascertained at each observation . Therapists completed treatment records . Senior staff completed stroke unit surveys . RESULTS Patients after stroke ( n=58 ) were with therapists 5.2 % of the observed day . Few patients ( 17.1 % ) received  daily therapy  by more than one therapist . When patients received therapy , average session times were 24 minutes of physiotherapy , 23 minutes of occupational therapy and 33 minutes of speech pathology .  The more time that family members were present , the longer the treatment time . Four to 11 min of upper-limb therapy was provided . Muscle weakness and left hemiparesis were associated with less upper-limb activity . CONCLUSION These acute stroke care units were re source d according to recommended staff- 
    Output:
    