human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The aim of the present trial was to ( 1 ) compare the caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer sealants , placed according to the atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) procedure , with composite resin sealants over time and ( 2 ) investigate the caries-preventive effect after complete disappearance of sealant material . Forty-six boys and 57 girls , mean age 7.8 years , were r and omly divided into two treatment groups in a parallel-group study design . A light-polymerized composite resin sealant material and a high-viscosity glass ionomer were each placed in 180 fully erupted first molars in their respective treatment groups . Evaluation took place annually for 5 years by calibrated examiners . After 5 years , 86 % composite resin and 88 % glass ionomer sealants did not survive . Three categories of re-exposure periods for caries development in pits and fissures after complete loss of sealants were distinguished : 0–1 , 1–2 and 2–3 years . In the 2- to 3-year group , 13 and 3 % of pits and fissures previously sealed with composite resin and glass ionomer , respectively , were diagnosed as having developed a dentine lesion . The relative risks ( 95 % CI ) of dentine lesion development in surfaces sealed with glass ionomer compared to those sealed with composite resin after 3 , 4 and 5 years were 0.22 ( 0.06–0.82 ) , 0.32 ( 0.14–0.73 ) and 0.28 ( 0.13–0.61 ) , respectively . The relative risks of dentine lesion development in pits and fissures previously sealed with glass ionomer compared with composite resin over re-exposure periods of 1–2 and 2–3 years were 0.26 ( 0.14–0.48 ) and 0.25 ( 0.09–0.68 ) , respectively . We conclude that the caries-preventive effect of high-viscosity glass ionomer sealants , placed using the ART procedure , was between 3.1 and 4.5 times higher than that of composite resin sealants after 3–5 years . Furthermore , high-viscosity ( ART ) glass ionomer sealants appear to have a four times higher chance of preventing caries development in re-exposed pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces in first molars than light-cured composite resin sealant material over a 1- to 3-year period . A well- design ed clinical trial using different types of oral health personnel should be implemented to confirm these initial results Four conventional glass-ionomer cements specifically developed for use with the atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) technique were compared with a resin-based sealant for marginal and surface dye penetration , material voids , and completeness of enamel fissure penetration .  Thirty sound permanent m and ibular molar teeth were r and omly divided into five groups . After delayed placement of the glass-ionomer cement sealants using st and ardized finger pressure , and conventional placement of the resin-based sealant using a dental probe , the teeth were first thermocycled then the crowns immersed in methylene blue dye before being sectioned . There were no statistically significant differences found between any of the five material s , apart from less marginal dye leakage being present for the resin-based sealant than for one of the glass-ionomer cements . The cements , however , showed better fissure penetration than did the sealant . Despite the delayed placement and higher viscosity , all of the glass-ionomer cements showed satisfactory penetration of the enamel fissures and minimal marginal and surface dye penetration , and material voids , when placed using firm finger pressure . The cements could prove to be useful in the dental treatment of apprehensive children OBJECTIVES To measure the microtensile bond strength to ground enamel of different types of material s used as pit and fissure sealants in combination with different substrate conditioners . METHODS From 40 sound extracted molars , eight groups of five teeth were r and omly formed . The experimental groups were : ( 1 ) ( C ) 37 % phosphoric acid/ClinPro Sealant ( 3 M ESPE ) ; ( 2 ) ( G ) 37 % phosphoric acid/Guardian Seal ( Kerr ) ; ( 3 ) ( E/TF ) 37 % phosphoric acid/Excite/Tetric Flow ( Ivoclar-Vivadent ) ( 4 ) ( OS/UF ) 37 % phosphoric acid/One Step (Bisco)/UniFil Flow ( GC ) ; ( 5 ) ( OS/AE ) 37 % phosphoric acid/One Step/AEliteflo ( Bisco ) ; ( 6 ) ( UB/UF ) UniFil Bond/UniFil Flow ( GC ) ; ( 7 ) ( CC/FVII ) GC Cavity Conditioner/Fuji VII ( GC ) ; ( 8) ( CC/FII ) GC Cavity Conditioner/Fuji II LC Improved ( GC ) . On the buccal of each tooth , a 5 mm high build-up was created by incrementally adding layers of the sealing material on the conditioned enamel . By serially cutting the built-up tooth , multiple beam-shaped specimens about 1 mm x 1 mm in cross section were obtained , and loaded in tensile ( 0.5 mm/min ) until failure occurred . RESULTS The bond strengths measured in MPa were : ( C ) 20.41+/-11.79 ; ( G ) 16.02+/-7.99 ; ( E/TF ) 24.06+/-9.67 ; OS/UF 15.63+/-9.00 ; ( OS/AE ) 9.31+/-6.05 ; ( UB/UF ) 4.96+/-3.46 ; ( CC/FVII ) 1.70+/-2.19 ; ( CC/FII ) 2.19+/-1.44 . CONCLUSIONS The conventional and the resin-modified glass ionomers measured bond strengths significantly lower than those of any resin-based material s. Failure frequently occurred cohesively within the cement . Flowable composites in combination with phosphoric acid and a total-etch adhesive performed similarly to resin-based material s specifically conceived for sealings , such as ClinPro Sealant and Guardian Seal . The bond achieved by resin composite when treating enamel with the self-etching primer used in this study ( UniFil Bond ) was significantly lower than that developed when the substrate was etched with 37 % phosphoric acid Ideally , in view of rational practice management , the same GIC material may be used as a restorative material as well as a sealant material . The aim of this study is to compare the retention rates of a GIC design ed as sealant material ( Fuji Type IIIR , ) and a glass-ionomer restorative material ( Fuji Type IXR ) . In a clinical trial using a split mouth design , 104 children ( mean age 10.4 years , s.d . 1.2 ) of the Centre of Youth Dental Health Paramaribo ( Surinam ) received 208 sealants , 104 per material . The sealants were placed in upper or lower first or second molars by dental auxiliaries . Moisture control was achieved by cotton rolls . After four and nine months the retention of the sealants was checked clinical ly . For the evaluation at both times 99 molar pairs were available . After four months 46 percent of the Fuji IIIR and 72 percent of the Fuji IXR sealants showed complete retention . After nine months these percentages were 15 percent and 52 percent , respectively . In view of the study design , Relative Risks ( RR ) , and their 95 percent confidence intervals , were calculated . Converted to chance to total absence , the chance to absence of the material for Fuji IX was about 60 percent less than that for Fuji III ( four months RR = .44 ( .25 - .80 ) and nine months RR = .42 ( .39 - .45 ) ) . In conclusion the GIC restorative material showed to be more retentive then the GIC sealant material The 4-year results of a fissure sealant trial are reported . Glass polyalkenoate and bis GMA sealant were applied to 590 first permanent molar teeth using a half mouth study design in a group of 228 6 - 8-year-old children . Similar cariostasis was observed for the two material s at the end of 4 years despite marked differences in retention . Polyalkenoate cements probably should be regarded as ' fluoride depot ' material s rather than fissure sealants when used in this 
    Output:
    
agent
This study confirms the likelihood that remnants of high-viscosity glass-ionomer sealant material are retained and block the deeper parts of pits and fissures even after the sealant appears to have disappeared clinical ly , exercising their carious lesion preventive effect
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The aim of the present trial was to ( 1 ) compare the caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer sealants , placed according to the atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) procedure , with composite resin sealants over time and ( 2 ) investigate the caries-preventive effect after complete disappearance of sealant material . Forty-six boys and 57 girls , mean age 7.8 years , were r and omly divided into two treatment groups in a parallel-group study design . A light-polymerized composite resin sealant material and a high-viscosity glass ionomer were each placed in 180 fully erupted first molars in their respective treatment groups . Evaluation took place annually for 5 years by calibrated examiners . After 5 years , 86 % composite resin and 88 % glass ionomer sealants did not survive . Three categories of re-exposure periods for caries development in pits and fissures after complete loss of sealants were distinguished : 0–1 , 1–2 and 2–3 years . In the 2- to 3-year group , 13 and 3 % of pits and fissures previously sealed with composite resin and glass ionomer , respectively , were diagnosed as having developed a dentine lesion . The relative risks ( 95 % CI ) of dentine lesion development in surfaces sealed with glass ionomer compared to those sealed with composite resin after 3 , 4 and 5 years were 0.22 ( 0.06–0.82 ) , 0.32 ( 0.14–0.73 ) and 0.28 ( 0.13–0.61 ) , respectively . The relative risks of dentine lesion development in pits and fissures previously sealed with glass ionomer compared with composite resin over re-exposure periods of 1–2 and 2–3 years were 0.26 ( 0.14–0.48 ) and 0.25 ( 0.09–0.68 ) , respectively . We conclude that the caries-preventive effect of high-viscosity glass ionomer sealants , placed using the ART procedure , was between 3.1 and 4.5 times higher than that of composite resin sealants after 3–5 years . Furthermore , high-viscosity ( ART ) glass ionomer sealants appear to have a four times higher chance of preventing caries development in re-exposed pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces in first molars than light-cured composite resin sealant material over a 1- to 3-year period . A well- design ed clinical trial using different types of oral health personnel should be implemented to confirm these initial results Four conventional glass-ionomer cements specifically developed for use with the atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) technique were compared with a resin-based sealant for marginal and surface dye penetration , material voids , and completeness of enamel fissure penetration .  Thirty sound permanent m and ibular molar teeth were r and omly divided into five groups . After delayed placement of the glass-ionomer cement sealants using st and ardized finger pressure , and conventional placement of the resin-based sealant using a dental probe , the teeth were first thermocycled then the crowns immersed in methylene blue dye before being sectioned . There were no statistically significant differences found between any of the five material s , apart from less marginal dye leakage being present for the resin-based sealant than for one of the glass-ionomer cements . The cements , however , showed better fissure penetration than did the sealant . Despite the delayed placement and higher viscosity , all of the glass-ionomer cements showed satisfactory penetration of the enamel fissures and minimal marginal and surface dye penetration , and material voids , when placed using firm finger pressure . The cements could prove to be useful in the dental treatment of apprehensive children OBJECTIVES To measure the microtensile bond strength to ground enamel of different types of material s used as pit and fissure sealants in combination with different substrate conditioners . METHODS From 40 sound extracted molars , eight groups of five teeth were r and omly formed . The experimental groups were : ( 1 ) ( C ) 37 % phosphoric acid/ClinPro Sealant ( 3 M ESPE ) ; ( 2 ) ( G ) 37 % phosphoric acid/Guardian Seal ( Kerr ) ; ( 3 ) ( E/TF ) 37 % phosphoric acid/Excite/Tetric Flow ( Ivoclar-Vivadent ) ( 4 ) ( OS/UF ) 37 % phosphoric acid/One Step (Bisco)/UniFil Flow ( GC ) ; ( 5 ) ( OS/AE ) 37 % phosphoric acid/One Step/AEliteflo ( Bisco ) ; ( 6 ) ( UB/UF ) UniFil Bond/UniFil Flow ( GC ) ; ( 7 ) ( CC/FVII ) GC Cavity Conditioner/Fuji VII ( GC ) ; ( 8) ( CC/FII ) GC Cavity Conditioner/Fuji II LC Improved ( GC ) . On the buccal of each tooth , a 5 mm high build-up was created by incrementally adding layers of the sealing material on the conditioned enamel . By serially cutting the built-up tooth , multiple beam-shaped specimens about 1 mm x 1 mm in cross section were obtained , and loaded in tensile ( 0.5 mm/min ) until failure occurred . RESULTS The bond strengths measured in MPa were : ( C ) 20.41+/-11.79 ; ( G ) 16.02+/-7.99 ; ( E/TF ) 24.06+/-9.67 ; OS/UF 15.63+/-9.00 ; ( OS/AE ) 9.31+/-6.05 ; ( UB/UF ) 4.96+/-3.46 ; ( CC/FVII ) 1.70+/-2.19 ; ( CC/FII ) 2.19+/-1.44 . CONCLUSIONS The conventional and the resin-modified glass ionomers measured bond strengths significantly lower than those of any resin-based material s. Failure frequently occurred cohesively within the cement . Flowable composites in combination with phosphoric acid and a total-etch adhesive performed similarly to resin-based material s specifically conceived for sealings , such as ClinPro Sealant and Guardian Seal . The bond achieved by resin composite when treating enamel with the self-etching primer used in this study ( UniFil Bond ) was significantly lower than that developed when the substrate was etched with 37 % phosphoric acid Ideally , in view of rational practice management , the same GIC material may be used as a restorative material as well as a sealant material . The aim of this study is to compare the retention rates of a GIC design ed as sealant material ( Fuji Type IIIR , ) and a glass-ionomer restorative material ( Fuji Type IXR ) . In a clinical trial using a split mouth design , 104 children ( mean age 10.4 years , s.d . 1.2 ) of the Centre of Youth Dental Health Paramaribo ( Surinam ) received 208 sealants , 104 per material . The sealants were placed in upper or lower first or second molars by dental auxiliaries . Moisture control was achieved by cotton rolls . After four and nine months the retention of the sealants was checked clinical ly . For the evaluation at both times 99 molar pairs were available . After four months 46 percent of the Fuji IIIR and 72 percent of the Fuji IXR sealants showed complete retention . After nine months these percentages were 15 percent and 52 percent , respectively . In view of the study design , Relative Risks ( RR ) , and their 95 percent confidence intervals , were calculated . Converted to chance to total absence , the chance to absence of the material for Fuji IX was about 60 percent less than that for Fuji III ( four months RR = .44 ( .25 - .80 ) and nine months RR = .42 ( .39 - .45 ) ) . In conclusion the GIC restorative material showed to be more retentive then the GIC sealant material The 4-year results of a fissure sealant trial are reported . Glass polyalkenoate and bis GMA sealant were applied to 590 first permanent molar teeth using a half mouth study design in a group of 228 6 - 8-year-old children . Similar cariostasis was observed for the two material s at the end of 4 years despite marked differences in retention . Polyalkenoate cements probably should be regarded as ' fluoride depot ' material s rather than fissure sealants when used in this 
    Output:
    