human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract The assessment of clinical ly meaningful changes in  patient‐reported pain  has become increasingly important when interpreting results of clinical studies . However , proposed response criteria , such as the minimal clinical ly important difference , do not correspond with the growing need for information on truly meaningful , individual improvements . The aim of the present study was to investigate satisfactory improvements in pain from the patient ’s perspective . Data were collected in a 2‐week prospect i ve study of 181 arthritis patients treated with a local corticosteroid injection .  Baseline and follow‐up pain were assessed on 100 mm visual analogue scales for pain intensity ( VAS‐PI ) . At baseline , patients also marked a hypothetical level on a VAS‐PI representing a satisfactory improvement in pain . Patient‐perceived satisfactory improvement ( PPSI ) was constructed using a 5‐point categorical rating of change scale at follow‐up as the anchor . PPSI was associated with a minimal reduction of 30 mm or 55 % on the VAS‐PI . Since absolute change in pain associated with satisfactory improvement proved highly dependent on baseline pain , percent change scores performed better in classifying improved patients . The 55 % threshold for satisfactory improvement was consistent over the course of treatment and reasonably consistent across groups of patients . Our data suggest that PPSI is a clinical ly relevant and stable concept for interpreting truly meaningful improvements in pain from the individual perspective Objective To investigate the degree of  pain reduction  in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 ( CRPS 1 ) that can be defined as “ successful . ” Design All patients rated their pain on a visual analog scale ( VAS ; 0–10 ) before treatment and on three occasions after treatment , at 6 months , 1 year , and 2 years . Patients also rated a Global Perceived Effect  ( GPE ) for their pain relief at the same time periods . The GPE items were classified as “ successful ” or “ unsuccessful . ” The mean absolute and relative pain reduction ( using the VAS ) was calculated for both “ successful ” and “ unsuccessful ” GPE classifications for each time period . Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed . Patients Sixty-one patients with CRPS 1 . Results The patients defined a relative pain reduction of 58 % ( SD , 23.4 ) or more as “ successful , ” whereas in “ successful ” and “ unsuccessful ” patient groups the pain was reduced significantly on the VAS . Furthermore , sensitivity and specificity analyses showed that a cut-off point of 50 % relative pain reduction and a 3-cm absolute pain reduction on the VAS have the highest likelihood that patients will report their treatment “ successful ” on the GPE . Conclusions Relative pain reduction of 50 % or more and an absolute pain reduction of at least 3 cm on the VAS are accurate in predicting a successful pain reduction after a given treatment Abstract Purpose : The purpose of this trial was to investigate changes in pain , the range of motion ( ROM ) and spasticity in people with painful hemiplegic shoulder ( PHS ) after the application of an upper limb neuromuscular taping ( NMT ) . Methods : We conducted a r and omised clinical trial . The study included 32 people , 31 % female ( mean ± SD age : 66 ± 9 years ) , with PHS after stroke with pain at rest and during functional movements . The experimental group received the application of NMT and a st and ard physical therapy programme ( SPTP ) , whereas the control group received SPTP . The groups received four 45-minute long sessions over four weeks . The VAS , ROM and spasticity were assessed before and after the intervention with follow-up at four weeks . Results : The experimental group had a greater reduction in pain compared to the control group at the end of the intervention , as well as at one month after the intervention ( p < 0.001 ; all the group differences were greater than 4.5 cm , which is greater than the minimal clinical ly important difference of 2.0 cm ) . The experimental group had a significantly higher ( i.e. better ) ROM , by 30.0 ° , than the control group in shoulder flexion ( 95 % CI : 37.3–22.7 ) at 4 weeks and by 24.8 ° ( 95 % CI : 32.1–17.6 ) at 8 weeks as well as in abduction by 30.6 ° ( 95 % CI : 37.5–23.7 ) at 4 weeks and 25.1 ° ( 95 % CI : 33.8–16.3 ) at 8 weeks . Conclusion : Our study demonstrates that NMT decreases pain and increases the ROM in subjects with shoulder pain after a stroke . Implication s for Rehabilitation Painful hemiplegic shoulder is a frequent complication after stroke with negative impacts on functional activities and on quality of life of people , moreover restricts rehabilitation intervention . Neuromuscular taping is a technique introduced by David Blow for the treatment of neuromuscoloskeletal problems . This study shows the reduction of pain and the improvement of range of motion after the application of an upper limb neuromuscular taping . Rehabilitation professionals who are involved in the management of painful hemiplegic shoulder may like to consider the benefits that neuromuscular taping can produce on upper limb Study Design . Prospect i ve study of two sample s of patients with acute and chronic low back pain , respectively . Objectives . To compare the responsiveness of four functional status question naires , Rol and Morris Disability Question naire ( RMDQ ) ,  Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) ,  Disability Rating Index ( DRI ) , and  Physical Functioning scale of the SF-36 ( PFSF-36 ) , and two  pain scales , a  Numerical Pain Rating Scale ( NRS ) and  Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) .  Summary of Background Data . Concurrent comparisons of different outcome measurements in back patients have been requested . Methods .  Norwegian versions of the scales and question naires  were completed by 54 patients with acute ( < 3weeks ) and 50 patients with chronic low back pain ( > 3 months ) . Clinical change was estimated on a global change index . An alternative external criterion was the expected clinical course in the two cohorts . Mean changes , st and ardized response mean ( SRM ) , and area under the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curves with cutoff point for highest sensitivity and specificity were calculated . Results . At the follow-up , 63 % of the acute and 41 % of the chronic sample reported improvement on the global change index . Large SRMs ( 1.3–2.0 ) and areas under the ROC curves ( 0.84–0.93 ) were found for the measurements in the acute sample . In the chronic sample , the SRMs ( 0.4–1.1 ) and areas under the ROC curves ( 0.65–0.83 ) were lower , in particular for the PFSF-36 and the VAS . There was no statistically significant difference between the responsiveness in the measurements , except for higher responsiveness in the NRS compared with the VAS when using expected clinical course as the external criterion for change . Conclusion . The results suggest that all the outcome measures were appropriate for measuring changes in functional status and pain in patients with acute low back pain , whereas among chronic patients the RMDQ , ODI , DRI , and NRS were most appropriate OBJECTIVES Multi-item question naires are frequently used to measure outcomes in r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) in patients with sciatica . Knowing the minimaly important change ( MIC ) values for these instruments will facilitate interpretation of change scores . MIC values have been shown to be dependent on baseline values . The question is whether they also depend on the type of intervention . To estimate the MIC of the Rol and Morris Disability Question naire ( modified 23 item version ) ( RMDQ ) and of intensity of leg pain measured by a  Visual Analogue Scale  ( VAS ) in patients with sciatica and to assess to what extent MIC values depend on type of intervention and on baseline values . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This is a secondary analysis of RCT data of the effects of early surgery vs. prolonged conservative treatment in patients with sciatica . Baseline and 8-week data were used to assess MIC of the RMDQ-23 and VAS leg pain . We used the receiver operator characteristic ( ROC ) method to assess the MIC . Global Perceived Recovery ( rated 8 weeks after baseline ) was used as anchor . Subgroups were created based on type of treatment and baseline severity . RESULTS The MIC value of the RMDQ-23 for the total group of sciatica patients was 7.5 . The values were 8.1 and 6.9 for surgery and conservative treatment , respectively . For high and low baseline values , the MICs were 9.0 and 4.9 , respectively , irrespective of treatment received . The MIC values of the VAS leg pain were 34.4 for the total group . For surgery and conservative treatment , the MIC values were 38.5 and 30.4 , respectively , whereas for groups with high and low baseline values , MIC values of 53.5 and 17.2 were found . CONCLUSION The MIC values of the RMDQ-23 and VAS leg pain were found to be highly dependent on their baseline values , although the type of intervention appeared to influence the MIC value only slightly BACKGROUND CONTEXT The Neck Disability Index ( NDI ) , the short form-36 ( SF-36 ) physical component summary ( PCS ) , and pain scales for arm and neck pain are increasingly used to evaluate treatment effectiveness after cervical spine surgery . The minimum clinical ly important difference ( MCID ) is a threshold of improvement that is clinical ly relevant to the patient . However , the true goal is to provide the patient with a substantial clinical benefit ( SCB ) . PURPOSE This study determines the MCID and SCB using common anchor-based methods for NDI , PCS , and pain scales for arm and neck pain in patients undergoing cervical spine fusion for degenerative disorders . STUDY DESIGN / SETTING The study setting is a longitudinal cohort in a multisurgeon spine specialty clinic . PATIENT SAMPLE The sample comprises 505 patients who underwent a cervical fusion for degenerative spine conditions and who have prospect ively collected outcome scores with a minimum 1-year follow-up . OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures of the study were NDI , SF-36 , and numeric rating scales for arm and neck pain . METHODS The MCID and SCB values for NDI , PCS , and pain scales for arm and neck pain were determined using receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analysis with the Health Transition Item of the SF-36 as an anchor . The Health Transition Item asks a patient " Compared to one year ago , how would you rate your health in general now ? " with answers ranging from " Much Better , " " Somewhat Better , " " About the Same , " " Somewhat Worse , " to " Much Worse . " An ROC curve was constructed for each measure . The ROC curve-derived MCID was the change score with equal sensitivity and specificity to distinguish the " Somewhat Better " from the " About the Same " patients . The ROC curve-derived SCB was the change score with equal sensitivity and specificity to distinguish the " Much Better " from the " Somewhat Better " patients . Distribution-based methods including the st and ard error of the mean and the minimum detectable change were also used to calculate MCID . RESULTS The calculated MCID is 7.5 for the NDI , 4.1 for SF-36 PCS , and 2.5 for arm and neck pain . The calculated SCB is 9.5 for the NDI , 6.5 for SF-36 PCS , and 3.5 for arm and neck pain . CONCLUSIONS Patients with an eight-point decrease in NDI , a 4.1-point increase in PCS , and a three-point decrease in arm or neck pain can detect a minimally clinical ly important change . Patients with a 10-point decrease in NDI , a 6.5-point increase in PCS , and a four-point decrease in arm or neck pain can detect an SCB after cervical spine fusion BACKGROUND CONTEXT The impact of  lumbar spinal surgery  is commonly evaluated with three patient-reported outcome measures : Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) , the physical component summary ( PCS ) of the Short Form of the Medical Outcomes Study ( SF-36 ) , and pain scales . A minimum clinical ly important difference ( MCID ) is a threshold used to measure the effect of clinical treatments . Variable threshold values have been proposed as MCID for those instruments despite a lack of agreement on the optimal MCID calculation method . PURPOSE This study has three purpose s. First , to illustrate the range of values obtained by common anchor-based and distribution-based methods to calculate MCID . Second , to determine a statistically sound and clinical ly meaningful MCID for ODI , PCS , back pain scale , and leg pain scale in lumbar spine surgery patients . Third , to compare the discriminative ability of two anchors : a global health assessment and a rating of satisfaction with the results of the surgery . STUDY DESIGN This study is a review of prospect ively collected patient-reported outcomes data . PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 454 patients from a large data base of surgeries performed by the Lumbar Spine Study Group with a 1-year follow-up on either ODI or PCS were included in the study . OUTCOME MEASURES Preoperative and 1-year postoperative scores for ODI , PCS , back pain scale , leg pain scale , health transition item ( HTI ) of the SF-36 , and Satisfaction with Results scales . METHODS ODI , SF-36 , and pain scales were administered before and 1 year after spinal surgery . Several c and i date MCID calculation methods were applied to the data and the result ing values were compared . The HTI of the SF-36 was used as the anchor and compared with a second anchor ( Satisfaction with Results scale ) . RESULTS Potential MCID calculations yielded a range of values : fivefold for ODI , PCS , and leg pain , 10-fold for back pain . Threshold values obtained with the two anchors were very similar . CONCLUSIONS The minimum detectable change ( MDC ) appears as a statistically and clinical ly appropriate MCID value . MCID values in this sample were 12.8 points for ODI , 4.9 points for PCS , 1.2 points for back pain , and 
    Output:
    
agent
Absolute MCID was strongly associated with baseline pain , explaining approximately two-thirds of the variation , and to a lesser degree with the operational definition of minimum pain relief and clinical condition .
MCID  for chronic pain relief vary considerably .
Baseline pain is strongly associated with absolute , but not relative , measures .
To a much lesser degree , MCID is also influenced by the operational definition of relevant pain relief and possibly by clinical condition .
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract The assessment of clinical ly meaningful changes in  patient‐reported pain  has become increasingly important when interpreting results of clinical studies . However , proposed response criteria , such as the minimal clinical ly important difference , do not correspond with the growing need for information on truly meaningful , individual improvements . The aim of the present study was to investigate satisfactory improvements in pain from the patient ’s perspective . Data were collected in a 2‐week prospect i ve study of 181 arthritis patients treated with a local corticosteroid injection .  Baseline and follow‐up pain were assessed on 100 mm visual analogue scales for pain intensity ( VAS‐PI ) . At baseline , patients also marked a hypothetical level on a VAS‐PI representing a satisfactory improvement in pain . Patient‐perceived satisfactory improvement ( PPSI ) was constructed using a 5‐point categorical rating of change scale at follow‐up as the anchor . PPSI was associated with a minimal reduction of 30 mm or 55 % on the VAS‐PI . Since absolute change in pain associated with satisfactory improvement proved highly dependent on baseline pain , percent change scores performed better in classifying improved patients . The 55 % threshold for satisfactory improvement was consistent over the course of treatment and reasonably consistent across groups of patients . Our data suggest that PPSI is a clinical ly relevant and stable concept for interpreting truly meaningful improvements in pain from the individual perspective Objective To investigate the degree of  pain reduction  in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 ( CRPS 1 ) that can be defined as “ successful . ” Design All patients rated their pain on a visual analog scale ( VAS ; 0–10 ) before treatment and on three occasions after treatment , at 6 months , 1 year , and 2 years . Patients also rated a Global Perceived Effect  ( GPE ) for their pain relief at the same time periods . The GPE items were classified as “ successful ” or “ unsuccessful . ” The mean absolute and relative pain reduction ( using the VAS ) was calculated for both “ successful ” and “ unsuccessful ” GPE classifications for each time period . Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed . Patients Sixty-one patients with CRPS 1 . Results The patients defined a relative pain reduction of 58 % ( SD , 23.4 ) or more as “ successful , ” whereas in “ successful ” and “ unsuccessful ” patient groups the pain was reduced significantly on the VAS . Furthermore , sensitivity and specificity analyses showed that a cut-off point of 50 % relative pain reduction and a 3-cm absolute pain reduction on the VAS have the highest likelihood that patients will report their treatment “ successful ” on the GPE . Conclusions Relative pain reduction of 50 % or more and an absolute pain reduction of at least 3 cm on the VAS are accurate in predicting a successful pain reduction after a given treatment Abstract Purpose : The purpose of this trial was to investigate changes in pain , the range of motion ( ROM ) and spasticity in people with painful hemiplegic shoulder ( PHS ) after the application of an upper limb neuromuscular taping ( NMT ) . Methods : We conducted a r and omised clinical trial . The study included 32 people , 31 % female ( mean ± SD age : 66 ± 9 years ) , with PHS after stroke with pain at rest and during functional movements . The experimental group received the application of NMT and a st and ard physical therapy programme ( SPTP ) , whereas the control group received SPTP . The groups received four 45-minute long sessions over four weeks . The VAS , ROM and spasticity were assessed before and after the intervention with follow-up at four weeks . Results : The experimental group had a greater reduction in pain compared to the control group at the end of the intervention , as well as at one month after the intervention ( p < 0.001 ; all the group differences were greater than 4.5 cm , which is greater than the minimal clinical ly important difference of 2.0 cm ) . The experimental group had a significantly higher ( i.e. better ) ROM , by 30.0 ° , than the control group in shoulder flexion ( 95 % CI : 37.3–22.7 ) at 4 weeks and by 24.8 ° ( 95 % CI : 32.1–17.6 ) at 8 weeks as well as in abduction by 30.6 ° ( 95 % CI : 37.5–23.7 ) at 4 weeks and 25.1 ° ( 95 % CI : 33.8–16.3 ) at 8 weeks . Conclusion : Our study demonstrates that NMT decreases pain and increases the ROM in subjects with shoulder pain after a stroke . Implication s for Rehabilitation Painful hemiplegic shoulder is a frequent complication after stroke with negative impacts on functional activities and on quality of life of people , moreover restricts rehabilitation intervention . Neuromuscular taping is a technique introduced by David Blow for the treatment of neuromuscoloskeletal problems . This study shows the reduction of pain and the improvement of range of motion after the application of an upper limb neuromuscular taping . Rehabilitation professionals who are involved in the management of painful hemiplegic shoulder may like to consider the benefits that neuromuscular taping can produce on upper limb Study Design . Prospect i ve study of two sample s of patients with acute and chronic low back pain , respectively . Objectives . To compare the responsiveness of four functional status question naires , Rol and Morris Disability Question naire ( RMDQ ) ,  Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) ,  Disability Rating Index ( DRI ) , and  Physical Functioning scale of the SF-36 ( PFSF-36 ) , and two  pain scales , a  Numerical Pain Rating Scale ( NRS ) and  Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) .  Summary of Background Data . Concurrent comparisons of different outcome measurements in back patients have been requested . Methods .  Norwegian versions of the scales and question naires  were completed by 54 patients with acute ( < 3weeks ) and 50 patients with chronic low back pain ( > 3 months ) . Clinical change was estimated on a global change index . An alternative external criterion was the expected clinical course in the two cohorts . Mean changes , st and ardized response mean ( SRM ) , and area under the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curves with cutoff point for highest sensitivity and specificity were calculated . Results . At the follow-up , 63 % of the acute and 41 % of the chronic sample reported improvement on the global change index . Large SRMs ( 1.3–2.0 ) and areas under the ROC curves ( 0.84–0.93 ) were found for the measurements in the acute sample . In the chronic sample , the SRMs ( 0.4–1.1 ) and areas under the ROC curves ( 0.65–0.83 ) were lower , in particular for the PFSF-36 and the VAS . There was no statistically significant difference between the responsiveness in the measurements , except for higher responsiveness in the NRS compared with the VAS when using expected clinical course as the external criterion for change . Conclusion . The results suggest that all the outcome measures were appropriate for measuring changes in functional status and pain in patients with acute low back pain , whereas among chronic patients the RMDQ , ODI , DRI , and NRS were most appropriate OBJECTIVES Multi-item question naires are frequently used to measure outcomes in r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) in patients with sciatica . Knowing the minimaly important change ( MIC ) values for these instruments will facilitate interpretation of change scores . MIC values have been shown to be dependent on baseline values . The question is whether they also depend on the type of intervention . To estimate the MIC of the Rol and Morris Disability Question naire ( modified 23 item version ) ( RMDQ ) and of intensity of leg pain measured by a  Visual Analogue Scale  ( VAS ) in patients with sciatica and to assess to what extent MIC values depend on type of intervention and on baseline values . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This is a secondary analysis of RCT data of the effects of early surgery vs. prolonged conservative treatment in patients with sciatica . Baseline and 8-week data were used to assess MIC of the RMDQ-23 and VAS leg pain . We used the receiver operator characteristic ( ROC ) method to assess the MIC . Global Perceived Recovery ( rated 8 weeks after baseline ) was used as anchor . Subgroups were created based on type of treatment and baseline severity . RESULTS The MIC value of the RMDQ-23 for the total group of sciatica patients was 7.5 . The values were 8.1 and 6.9 for surgery and conservative treatment , respectively . For high and low baseline values , the MICs were 9.0 and 4.9 , respectively , irrespective of treatment received . The MIC values of the VAS leg pain were 34.4 for the total group . For surgery and conservative treatment , the MIC values were 38.5 and 30.4 , respectively , whereas for groups with high and low baseline values , MIC values of 53.5 and 17.2 were found . CONCLUSION The MIC values of the RMDQ-23 and VAS leg pain were found to be highly dependent on their baseline values , although the type of intervention appeared to influence the MIC value only slightly BACKGROUND CONTEXT The Neck Disability Index ( NDI ) , the short form-36 ( SF-36 ) physical component summary ( PCS ) , and pain scales for arm and neck pain are increasingly used to evaluate treatment effectiveness after cervical spine surgery . The minimum clinical ly important difference ( MCID ) is a threshold of improvement that is clinical ly relevant to the patient . However , the true goal is to provide the patient with a substantial clinical benefit ( SCB ) . PURPOSE This study determines the MCID and SCB using common anchor-based methods for NDI , PCS , and pain scales for arm and neck pain in patients undergoing cervical spine fusion for degenerative disorders . STUDY DESIGN / SETTING The study setting is a longitudinal cohort in a multisurgeon spine specialty clinic . PATIENT SAMPLE The sample comprises 505 patients who underwent a cervical fusion for degenerative spine conditions and who have prospect ively collected outcome scores with a minimum 1-year follow-up . OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures of the study were NDI , SF-36 , and numeric rating scales for arm and neck pain . METHODS The MCID and SCB values for NDI , PCS , and pain scales for arm and neck pain were determined using receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analysis with the Health Transition Item of the SF-36 as an anchor . The Health Transition Item asks a patient " Compared to one year ago , how would you rate your health in general now ? " with answers ranging from " Much Better , " " Somewhat Better , " " About the Same , " " Somewhat Worse , " to " Much Worse . " An ROC curve was constructed for each measure . The ROC curve-derived MCID was the change score with equal sensitivity and specificity to distinguish the " Somewhat Better " from the " About the Same " patients . The ROC curve-derived SCB was the change score with equal sensitivity and specificity to distinguish the " Much Better " from the " Somewhat Better " patients . Distribution-based methods including the st and ard error of the mean and the minimum detectable change were also used to calculate MCID . RESULTS The calculated MCID is 7.5 for the NDI , 4.1 for SF-36 PCS , and 2.5 for arm and neck pain . The calculated SCB is 9.5 for the NDI , 6.5 for SF-36 PCS , and 3.5 for arm and neck pain . CONCLUSIONS Patients with an eight-point decrease in NDI , a 4.1-point increase in PCS , and a three-point decrease in arm or neck pain can detect a minimally clinical ly important change . Patients with a 10-point decrease in NDI , a 6.5-point increase in PCS , and a four-point decrease in arm or neck pain can detect an SCB after cervical spine fusion BACKGROUND CONTEXT The impact of  lumbar spinal surgery  is commonly evaluated with three patient-reported outcome measures : Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) , the physical component summary ( PCS ) of the Short Form of the Medical Outcomes Study ( SF-36 ) , and pain scales . A minimum clinical ly important difference ( MCID ) is a threshold used to measure the effect of clinical treatments . Variable threshold values have been proposed as MCID for those instruments despite a lack of agreement on the optimal MCID calculation method . PURPOSE This study has three purpose s. First , to illustrate the range of values obtained by common anchor-based and distribution-based methods to calculate MCID . Second , to determine a statistically sound and clinical ly meaningful MCID for ODI , PCS , back pain scale , and leg pain scale in lumbar spine surgery patients . Third , to compare the discriminative ability of two anchors : a global health assessment and a rating of satisfaction with the results of the surgery . STUDY DESIGN This study is a review of prospect ively collected patient-reported outcomes data . PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 454 patients from a large data base of surgeries performed by the Lumbar Spine Study Group with a 1-year follow-up on either ODI or PCS were included in the study . OUTCOME MEASURES Preoperative and 1-year postoperative scores for ODI , PCS , back pain scale , leg pain scale , health transition item ( HTI ) of the SF-36 , and Satisfaction with Results scales . METHODS ODI , SF-36 , and pain scales were administered before and 1 year after spinal surgery . Several c and i date MCID calculation methods were applied to the data and the result ing values were compared . The HTI of the SF-36 was used as the anchor and compared with a second anchor ( Satisfaction with Results scale ) . RESULTS Potential MCID calculations yielded a range of values : fivefold for ODI , PCS , and leg pain , 10-fold for back pain . Threshold values obtained with the two anchors were very similar . CONCLUSIONS The minimum detectable change ( MDC ) appears as a statistically and clinical ly appropriate MCID value . MCID values in this sample were 12.8 points for ODI , 4.9 points for PCS , 1.2 points for back pain , and 
    Output:
    