human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Aim To compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of three different pulpotomy agents in primary molars after 18 months . Methods The study was carried out with 51 primary molars of children aged 5–9 years old . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the experimental or control groups . After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis , the remaining pulp tissue was covered with Biodentine ® or mineral trioxide aggregate in the experimental groups . In the control group , formocresol was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and after removal the pulp tissue was covered with zinc oxide – eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . All teeth were immediately restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement , and later with pre-formed metal crowns . Follow-up assessment s were carried out after 3 , 6 , 12 and 18 months . Results Forty-five teeth were available for follow up at the end of 18 months . All of the available teeth for mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine ® were clinical ly successful , as were 73.3 % of the FC group . Radiographic success rate for the formocresol group at 18 months follow up was 73.3 , 100 % for mineral trioxide aggregate and 86.6 % for Biodentine ® group . Conclusion Mineral Trioxide aggregate and Biodentine ® showed more favourable results than formocresol Endodontic treatment of the pulpless tooth with an immature root apex poses a special challenge for the clinician due to lack of an apical stop against which to compact an interim dressing of calcium hydroxide , or the final obturation material . A one-visit apexification protocol with MTA ( Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ) has be seen as an alternative to the traditional treatment practice s with calcium hydroxide [ Ca(OH)2 ] . The aim of this study was to investigate the use of MTA as a 5 mm apical barrier by comparing sealing ability of ProRoot MTA to that of MTA-Angelus . 50 freshly extracted Maxillary and M and ibular single canal sound human incisor teeth were used in this study , which were decoronated to st and ardized 10 mm root lengths . The root segments were prepared to simulate the clinical situation of an open apex with Gates Glidden burs # 51 and r and omly assigned into 2 experimental groups of 20 sample s each ( Group A : ProRoot MTA , Group B : MTA-Angelus ) and 10 root segments were used as control ( Group C ) where no apical barrier was used . After obturation the coronal portion of all sample s were sealed with Glass Ionomer and stored at 37 degrees C and 100 % humidity for 4 weeks . The root segments were then double coated with nail varnish except for the apical 1 mm and apical ends of all root segments were suspended vertically in methylene blue dye for 48 hours at room temperature . After removal from the dye , the sample s were sectioned longitudinally and linear dye penetration was measured using a Grid and stereomicroscope . The measurements were tabulated and statistically analyzed . The mean percentage of dye leakage for Group A was 55.5 % and for Group B was 53.25 % . The results showed no statistically significant difference in the sealing ability of ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus when used as apical barriers Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , Biodentine and Propolis as pulpotomy medicaments in primary dentition , both clinical ly and radiographically . Material s and Methods A total of 75 healthy 3 to 10 yr old children each having at least one carious primary molar tooth were selected . R and om assignment of the pulpotomy medicaments was done as follows : Group I , MTA ; Group II , Biodentine ; Group III , Propolis . All the pulpotomized teeth were evaluated at 3 , 6 , and 9 mon clinical ly and radiographically , based on the scoring criteria system . Results The clinical success rates were found to be similar among the three groups at 3 and 6 mon where as a significant decrease in success rate was observed in Group III ( 84 % ) compared to both Group I ( 100 % ) and Group II ( 100 % ) at 9 mon . Radiographic success rates over a period of 9 mon in Groups I , II , and III were 92 , 80 , and 72 % , respectively . Conclusions Teeth treated with MTA and Biodentine showed more favorable clinical and radiographic success as compared to Propolis at 9 mon follow-up Aims Despite various advents in technology , the present era marks a shift to phytotherapeutics and alternative modalities to conventional endodontic treatments . Newer endodontic modalities have been developed inculcating the ancient system of medicine . The present study was done to compare and evaluate the clinical pulp response and radiographic signs after pulpotomy in four groups of primary molar teeth treated with formocresol ( control ) , propolis extract , turmeric gel , and calcium hydroxide respectively . Material s and methods Following ethical clearance , 90 primary molar teeth in 45 pediatric patients , aged between 4 and 9 years , were selected for pulpotomy . These were then r and omly divided by split-mouth technique into two groups as experimental ( propolis extract/turmeric gel/calcium hydroxide ) and control ( formocresol ) groups . The patients were followed up for 6 months for clinical and radiographic signs and symptoms to evaluate the success of treatment . Results A comparable clinical and radiographic success rate was seen with all experimental groups as compared to the control ( formocresol ) group . Conclusion With concerns about the safety of formocresol appearing in the dental and medical literature for more than 20 years , the material s used in this study can be considered as promising alternatives for formocresol in pediatric endodontic treatment . How to cite this article Hugar SM , Kukreja P , Hugar SS , Gokhale N , Assudani H. Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiographic Success of Formocresol , Propolis , Turmeric Gel , and Calcium Hydroxide on Pulpotomized Primary Molars : A Preliminary Study . Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(1):18 - 23 PURPOSE The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to compare light-cured calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)2 ) with diluted formocresol ( FC ) for its success as a primary molar pulpotomy medicament METHODS Selection criteria included at least 2 matching , asymptomatic , contralateral primary molars requiring vital pulpotomies . Matched teeth in each patient were r and omized to receive either Ca(OH)2 or FC as a pulpotomy medicament . All teeth were restored with prefabricated metal crowns .  Twenty patients ( 34 pairs of teeth ) were followed clinical ly and radiographically for > or = 1 year . Two blinded , st and ardized , and calibrated examiners evaluated and scored each radiograph for signs of pathology , based upon a modified scale previously proposed . RESULTS Findings were grouped in : ( a ) 0 - 6 ; ( b ) 7 - 12 ; and ( c ) 13 - 24 month intervals . Radiographic scoring favored the FC group of the 7- to 12- and 13- to 24-month intervals ( P<.05 ) . Clinical success was similar for Ca(OH)2 ( 94 % ) and FC ( 97 % ) at 12 months or less . Beyond 12 months , clinical success varied more ( Ca(OH)2=84 % , FC=97 % ) , but not significantly ( P=.08 ) . Combined success rates were lower for Ca(OH)2 ( 56 % ) than FC ( 94 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Light-cured calcium hydroxide does not appear to be a viable alternative to diluted formocresol as a pulpotomy agent Introduction An ideal pulpotomy agent for primary molars has been sought for many years . Recently , new material s that allow regeneration of residual pulp tissue have been developed . In this study , we compared the preliminary clinical results obtained using Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp-dressing agents in pulpotomies of primary molars . Methods A r and omized clinical study was performed in children aged 4–9 years with at least one primary tooth with decay or caries requiring pulp treatment . A total of 90 primary molars requiring pulpotomy were r and omly allocated to the MTA or Biodentine group , and 84 pulpotomies were performed . Clinical and radiographic evaluations were undertaken 6 and 12 months after treatment . All teeth were restored with a reinforced zinc oxide – eugenol base and stainless steel crowns . Statistical analysis using Fisher ’s exact test was performed to determine the significant differences between the groups . Results A total of four clinical failures were observed ; all involved gingival inflammation . The clinical success rate in the MTA Group after 12 months was 92 % ( 36/39 ) , whereas the Biodentine Group obtained 97 % ( 38/39 ) ( p = 0.346 ) . All radiographic failures were observed at the 12-month follow-up evaluation . One molar from MTA Group showed internal resorption obtaining a radiographic success rate of 97 % ( 38/39 ) . Two molars from the Biodentine Group showed radiographic failure ( 1 internal resorption and 1 periradicular radiolucency ) obtaining a radiographic success rate of 95 % ( 37/39 ) . Conclusions Biodentine showed similar clinical results as MTA with comparable success rates when used for pulpotomies of primary molars . However , longer follow-up studies are required to confirm our findings . Clinical relevance This article demonstrates the effectiveness of Biodentine as a primary teeth pulpotomy material , performing similar results as MTA at 12-months evaluation OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of biodentine and formocresol for pulpotomy in human primary teeth . METHOD AND MATERIAL S A r and omized , split-mouth , double-blind , controlled clinical trial was carried out in 37 healthy 4- to 8-year-old children with 56 pairs ( 112 teeth ) of contralateral primary molars indicated for pulpotomy . Matched teeth in each pair were r and omized to undergo either biodentine ( n = 56 teeth ) or formocresol ( n = 56 teeth ) pulpotomy . In both groups , the teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically at 3 and 6 months by two blinded , st and ardized , and calibrated examiners . The data were analyzed using chi-square and McNemar tests with a P value of < .05 considered significant . RESULTS At both the 3- and 6-month follow-ups , all the 37 children with 112 treated teeth were evaluated . Clinical and radiographic success was similar for biodentine ( 100 % ) and formocresol ( 100 % ) , without any statistically significant difference ( P = 1 ) . Pulp canal obliteration was radiographically observed in 10/56 ( 17.9 % ) and 7/56 ( 12.5 % ) cases in the biodentine and formocresol groups , respectively . CONCLUSION Both pulpotomy techniques showed favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes at 3 and 6 months posttreatment without any significant difference . Hence , biodentine has the potential to become a substitute for formocresol in primary molar pulpotomies INTRODUCTION Biodentine is a new bioactive cement that is similar to the widely used mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) . It has dentin-like mechanical properties , which may be considered a suitable material for clinical indications of dentin-pulp complex regeneration such as direct pulp capping . The purpose of the present study was to compare the response of the pulp-dentin complex in human teeth after direct capping with this new tricalcium silicate-based cement with that of MTA . METHODS Pulps in 28 caries-free maxillary and m and ibular permanent intact human molars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were mechanically exposed and assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups , Biodentine or MTA , and 1 control group . Assay of periapical response and clinical examination were performed . After 6 weeks , the teeth were extracted , stained with hematoxylin-eosin , and categorized by using a histologic scoring system . RESULTS The majority of specimens showed complete dentinal bridge formation and an absence of inflammatory pulp response . Layers of well-arranged odontoblast and odontoblast-like cells were found to form tubular dentin under the osteodentin . Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the Biodentine and MTA experimental groups during the observation period . CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study , Biodentine had a similar efficacy in the clinical setting and may be considered an interesting alternative to MTA in pulp-capping treatment during vital pulp therapy PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success of Biodentine ™ and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy in primary molars . METHODS Thirty-two four- to nine-year-olds were included in this study . The primary molars were r and omly assigned to the Biodentine ™ and MTA groups . After coronal pulp removal and hemostasis , the remaining pulp tissue was covered with Biodentine ™ or MTA . All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns . Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at six- , 12- , 18- and 24-month follow-ups . Data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests . RESULTS The 24-month follow-up evaluations revealed that the clinical success rates were 96.8 
    Output:
    
agent
TSA indicated lack of firm evidence for the results of the meta‐analytic outcomes on clinical and radiographic success .
Conclusion BD and MTA have similar clinical and radiographic success rates based on limited and low‐ quality evidence .
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Aim To compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of three different pulpotomy agents in primary molars after 18 months . Methods The study was carried out with 51 primary molars of children aged 5–9 years old . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the experimental or control groups . After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis , the remaining pulp tissue was covered with Biodentine ® or mineral trioxide aggregate in the experimental groups . In the control group , formocresol was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and after removal the pulp tissue was covered with zinc oxide – eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . All teeth were immediately restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement , and later with pre-formed metal crowns . Follow-up assessment s were carried out after 3 , 6 , 12 and 18 months . Results Forty-five teeth were available for follow up at the end of 18 months . All of the available teeth for mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine ® were clinical ly successful , as were 73.3 % of the FC group . Radiographic success rate for the formocresol group at 18 months follow up was 73.3 , 100 % for mineral trioxide aggregate and 86.6 % for Biodentine ® group . Conclusion Mineral Trioxide aggregate and Biodentine ® showed more favourable results than formocresol Endodontic treatment of the pulpless tooth with an immature root apex poses a special challenge for the clinician due to lack of an apical stop against which to compact an interim dressing of calcium hydroxide , or the final obturation material . A one-visit apexification protocol with MTA ( Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ) has be seen as an alternative to the traditional treatment practice s with calcium hydroxide [ Ca(OH)2 ] . The aim of this study was to investigate the use of MTA as a 5 mm apical barrier by comparing sealing ability of ProRoot MTA to that of MTA-Angelus . 50 freshly extracted Maxillary and M and ibular single canal sound human incisor teeth were used in this study , which were decoronated to st and ardized 10 mm root lengths . The root segments were prepared to simulate the clinical situation of an open apex with Gates Glidden burs # 51 and r and omly assigned into 2 experimental groups of 20 sample s each ( Group A : ProRoot MTA , Group B : MTA-Angelus ) and 10 root segments were used as control ( Group C ) where no apical barrier was used . After obturation the coronal portion of all sample s were sealed with Glass Ionomer and stored at 37 degrees C and 100 % humidity for 4 weeks . The root segments were then double coated with nail varnish except for the apical 1 mm and apical ends of all root segments were suspended vertically in methylene blue dye for 48 hours at room temperature . After removal from the dye , the sample s were sectioned longitudinally and linear dye penetration was measured using a Grid and stereomicroscope . The measurements were tabulated and statistically analyzed . The mean percentage of dye leakage for Group A was 55.5 % and for Group B was 53.25 % . The results showed no statistically significant difference in the sealing ability of ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus when used as apical barriers Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , Biodentine and Propolis as pulpotomy medicaments in primary dentition , both clinical ly and radiographically . Material s and Methods A total of 75 healthy 3 to 10 yr old children each having at least one carious primary molar tooth were selected . R and om assignment of the pulpotomy medicaments was done as follows : Group I , MTA ; Group II , Biodentine ; Group III , Propolis . All the pulpotomized teeth were evaluated at 3 , 6 , and 9 mon clinical ly and radiographically , based on the scoring criteria system . Results The clinical success rates were found to be similar among the three groups at 3 and 6 mon where as a significant decrease in success rate was observed in Group III ( 84 % ) compared to both Group I ( 100 % ) and Group II ( 100 % ) at 9 mon . Radiographic success rates over a period of 9 mon in Groups I , II , and III were 92 , 80 , and 72 % , respectively . Conclusions Teeth treated with MTA and Biodentine showed more favorable clinical and radiographic success as compared to Propolis at 9 mon follow-up Aims Despite various advents in technology , the present era marks a shift to phytotherapeutics and alternative modalities to conventional endodontic treatments . Newer endodontic modalities have been developed inculcating the ancient system of medicine . The present study was done to compare and evaluate the clinical pulp response and radiographic signs after pulpotomy in four groups of primary molar teeth treated with formocresol ( control ) , propolis extract , turmeric gel , and calcium hydroxide respectively . Material s and methods Following ethical clearance , 90 primary molar teeth in 45 pediatric patients , aged between 4 and 9 years , were selected for pulpotomy . These were then r and omly divided by split-mouth technique into two groups as experimental ( propolis extract/turmeric gel/calcium hydroxide ) and control ( formocresol ) groups . The patients were followed up for 6 months for clinical and radiographic signs and symptoms to evaluate the success of treatment . Results A comparable clinical and radiographic success rate was seen with all experimental groups as compared to the control ( formocresol ) group . Conclusion With concerns about the safety of formocresol appearing in the dental and medical literature for more than 20 years , the material s used in this study can be considered as promising alternatives for formocresol in pediatric endodontic treatment . How to cite this article Hugar SM , Kukreja P , Hugar SS , Gokhale N , Assudani H. Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiographic Success of Formocresol , Propolis , Turmeric Gel , and Calcium Hydroxide on Pulpotomized Primary Molars : A Preliminary Study . Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(1):18 - 23 PURPOSE The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to compare light-cured calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)2 ) with diluted formocresol ( FC ) for its success as a primary molar pulpotomy medicament METHODS Selection criteria included at least 2 matching , asymptomatic , contralateral primary molars requiring vital pulpotomies . Matched teeth in each patient were r and omized to receive either Ca(OH)2 or FC as a pulpotomy medicament . All teeth were restored with prefabricated metal crowns .  Twenty patients ( 34 pairs of teeth ) were followed clinical ly and radiographically for > or = 1 year . Two blinded , st and ardized , and calibrated examiners evaluated and scored each radiograph for signs of pathology , based upon a modified scale previously proposed . RESULTS Findings were grouped in : ( a ) 0 - 6 ; ( b ) 7 - 12 ; and ( c ) 13 - 24 month intervals . Radiographic scoring favored the FC group of the 7- to 12- and 13- to 24-month intervals ( P<.05 ) . Clinical success was similar for Ca(OH)2 ( 94 % ) and FC ( 97 % ) at 12 months or less . Beyond 12 months , clinical success varied more ( Ca(OH)2=84 % , FC=97 % ) , but not significantly ( P=.08 ) . Combined success rates were lower for Ca(OH)2 ( 56 % ) than FC ( 94 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Light-cured calcium hydroxide does not appear to be a viable alternative to diluted formocresol as a pulpotomy agent Introduction An ideal pulpotomy agent for primary molars has been sought for many years . Recently , new material s that allow regeneration of residual pulp tissue have been developed . In this study , we compared the preliminary clinical results obtained using Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp-dressing agents in pulpotomies of primary molars . Methods A r and omized clinical study was performed in children aged 4–9 years with at least one primary tooth with decay or caries requiring pulp treatment . A total of 90 primary molars requiring pulpotomy were r and omly allocated to the MTA or Biodentine group , and 84 pulpotomies were performed . Clinical and radiographic evaluations were undertaken 6 and 12 months after treatment . All teeth were restored with a reinforced zinc oxide – eugenol base and stainless steel crowns . Statistical analysis using Fisher ’s exact test was performed to determine the significant differences between the groups . Results A total of four clinical failures were observed ; all involved gingival inflammation . The clinical success rate in the MTA Group after 12 months was 92 % ( 36/39 ) , whereas the Biodentine Group obtained 97 % ( 38/39 ) ( p = 0.346 ) . All radiographic failures were observed at the 12-month follow-up evaluation . One molar from MTA Group showed internal resorption obtaining a radiographic success rate of 97 % ( 38/39 ) . Two molars from the Biodentine Group showed radiographic failure ( 1 internal resorption and 1 periradicular radiolucency ) obtaining a radiographic success rate of 95 % ( 37/39 ) . Conclusions Biodentine showed similar clinical results as MTA with comparable success rates when used for pulpotomies of primary molars . However , longer follow-up studies are required to confirm our findings . Clinical relevance This article demonstrates the effectiveness of Biodentine as a primary teeth pulpotomy material , performing similar results as MTA at 12-months evaluation OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of biodentine and formocresol for pulpotomy in human primary teeth . METHOD AND MATERIAL S A r and omized , split-mouth , double-blind , controlled clinical trial was carried out in 37 healthy 4- to 8-year-old children with 56 pairs ( 112 teeth ) of contralateral primary molars indicated for pulpotomy . Matched teeth in each pair were r and omized to undergo either biodentine ( n = 56 teeth ) or formocresol ( n = 56 teeth ) pulpotomy . In both groups , the teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically at 3 and 6 months by two blinded , st and ardized , and calibrated examiners . The data were analyzed using chi-square and McNemar tests with a P value of < .05 considered significant . RESULTS At both the 3- and 6-month follow-ups , all the 37 children with 112 treated teeth were evaluated . Clinical and radiographic success was similar for biodentine ( 100 % ) and formocresol ( 100 % ) , without any statistically significant difference ( P = 1 ) . Pulp canal obliteration was radiographically observed in 10/56 ( 17.9 % ) and 7/56 ( 12.5 % ) cases in the biodentine and formocresol groups , respectively . CONCLUSION Both pulpotomy techniques showed favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes at 3 and 6 months posttreatment without any significant difference . Hence , biodentine has the potential to become a substitute for formocresol in primary molar pulpotomies INTRODUCTION Biodentine is a new bioactive cement that is similar to the widely used mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) . It has dentin-like mechanical properties , which may be considered a suitable material for clinical indications of dentin-pulp complex regeneration such as direct pulp capping . The purpose of the present study was to compare the response of the pulp-dentin complex in human teeth after direct capping with this new tricalcium silicate-based cement with that of MTA . METHODS Pulps in 28 caries-free maxillary and m and ibular permanent intact human molars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were mechanically exposed and assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups , Biodentine or MTA , and 1 control group . Assay of periapical response and clinical examination were performed . After 6 weeks , the teeth were extracted , stained with hematoxylin-eosin , and categorized by using a histologic scoring system . RESULTS The majority of specimens showed complete dentinal bridge formation and an absence of inflammatory pulp response . Layers of well-arranged odontoblast and odontoblast-like cells were found to form tubular dentin under the osteodentin . Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the Biodentine and MTA experimental groups during the observation period . CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study , Biodentine had a similar efficacy in the clinical setting and may be considered an interesting alternative to MTA in pulp-capping treatment during vital pulp therapy PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success of Biodentine ™ and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy in primary molars . METHODS Thirty-two four- to nine-year-olds were included in this study . The primary molars were r and omly assigned to the Biodentine ™ and MTA groups . After coronal pulp removal and hemostasis , the remaining pulp tissue was covered with Biodentine ™ or MTA . All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns . Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at six- , 12- , 18- and 24-month follow-ups . Data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests . RESULTS The 24-month follow-up evaluations revealed that the clinical success rates were 96.8 
    Output:
    