human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Clinical and experimental data indicate that most acupuncture clinical results are mediated by the central nervous system , but the specific effects of acupuncture on the human brain remain unclear . Even less is known about its effects on the cerebellum . This fMRI study demonstrated that manual acupuncture at ST 36 ( Stomach 36 , Zusanli ) , a main acupoint on the leg , modulated neural activity at multiple levels of the cerebro-cerebellar and limbic systems . The pattern of hemodynamic response depended on the psychophysical response to needle manipulation . Acupuncture stimulation typically elicited a composite of sensations termed deqi that is related to clinical efficacy according to traditional Chinese medicine . The limbic and paralimbic structures of cortical and subcortical regions in the telencephalon , diencephalon , brainstem and cerebellum demonstrated a concerted attenuation of signal intensity when the subjects experienced deqi . When deqi was mixed with sharp pain , the hemodynamic response was mixed , showing a predominance of signal increases instead . Tactile stimulation as control also elicited a predominance of signal increase in a subset of these regions . The study provides preliminary evidence for an integrated response of the human cerebro-cerebellar and limbic systems to acupuncture stimulation at ST 36 that correlates with the psychophysical response Moxibustion has been used to treat various types of disease . However , there is still insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness . This study was performed to summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion . A search was performed for all r and omized controlled trials in PubMed between January 1998 and July 2008 with no language restriction . The results yielded 47 trials in which six moxibustion types were applied to 36 diseases ranging from breech presentation to digestive disorders .  Moxibustion was compared to three types of control group : general care , Oriental medical therapies or waiting list . Moxibustion was superior to the control in 14 out of 54 control groups in 46 studies . There were no significant differences among groups in 7 studies , and the outcome direction was not determined in 33 studies . Seven studies were included in a meta- analysis . Moxibustion was more effective than medication in two ulcerative colitis studies ( relative risk ( 95 % CI ) , 2.20 ( 1.37 , 3.52 ) , P = .001 , I 2 = 0 % ) . Overall , our results did not support the effectiveness of moxibustion  in specific diseases due to the limited number and low quality of the studies and inadequate use of controls . In order to provide appropriate evidence regarding the effectiveness of moxibustion , more rigorous clinical trials using appropriate controls are warranted OBJECTIVES Moxibustion , a Traditional Chinese Medicine technique related to acupuncture , was proposed to facilitate cephalic version of breech presentation . Several trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy , but there are few reports on the safety of moxibustion . Our objective was to assess the side-effects and acceptability of this intervention . DESIGN We are conducting a r and omized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of moxibustion for breech version . The first 12 participants r and omized in the moxibustion group had additional fetal surveillance by electronic monitoring . SUBJECTS Pregnant women with a fetus in breech presentation are included in the trial between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation . INTERVENTIONS We performed a cardiotocogram during 10 minutes before , 20 minutes during , and 10 minutes after each session . A maximum of 9 sessions were scheduled every other day , and stopped when cephalic version was diagnosed . The recordings were assessed by 3 independent readers using the Fischer scoring system . OUTCOME MEASURES Fetal well-being was evaluated by the cardiotocogram ; effect on the mother was evaluated by blood pressure recorded before and after each session ; maternal views , contractions , and perceived changes in fetal movements were assessed using a question naire . RESULTS A total of 65 cardiotocograms were analyzed . All scores were considered as normal , being at 8 or more on a 0 - 10 scale . Acceptability for the women and compliance to the intervention were good . No significant maternal or fetal side-effect was observed . CONCLUSIONS We have not detected alterations of fetal and maternal well-being or other side-effects associated with moxibustion applied to the BL 67 for cephalic version of breech presentations . Moxibustion appears to be safe for both the mother and the fetus OBJECTIVE To determine whether clinical trials originating in certain countries always have positive results . DATA SOURCES Abstract s of trials from Medline ( January 1966-June 1995 ) . STUDY SELECTION Two separate studies were conducted . The first included trials in which the clinical outcome of a group of subjects receiving acupuncture  was compared to that of a group receiving placebo , no treatment , or a nonacupuncture intervention . In the second study , r and omized or controlled trials of interventions other than  acupuncture  that were published in China , Japan , Russia/USSR , or Taiwan were compared to those published in Engl and . DATA EXTRACTION Blinded review ers determined inclusion and outcome and separately classified each trial by country of origin . DATA SYNTHESIS In the study of acupuncture  trials , 252 of 1085 abstract s met the inclusion criteria . Research conducted in certain countries was uniformly favorable to acupuncture ; all trials originating in China , Japan , Hong Kong , and Taiwan were positive , as were 10 out of 11 of those published in Russia/USSR . In studies that examined interventions other than acupuncture , 405 of 1100 abstract s met the inclusion criteria . Of trials published in Engl and , 75 % gave the test treatment as superior to control . The results for China , Japan , Russia/USSR , and Taiwan were 99 % , 89 % , 97 % , and 95 % , respectively . No trial published in China or Russia/USSR found a test treatment to be ineffective . CONCLUSIONS Some countries publish unusually high proportions of positive results . Publication bias is a possible explanation . Research ers undertaking systematic review s should consider carefully how to manage data from these countries OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of supplementary moxibustion in treating III , IV a stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) with radio- and chemotherapy . METHODS Fifty-six cases of NPC were r and omly divided into two groups , 28 in each group . They were treated with radiotherapy in routine or chemotherapy adopting AD protocol . Salt-separated moxibustion on Shenque ( Ren 8) point was given to the treated group from beginning of radio- and chemotherapy for 30 times as one therapeutic course . RESULTS The remission rate in the two groups after radio- and chemotherapy was not different significantly . The toxic and side-effect occurrence was less in the treated group than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . The 5-year local control rates of NPC and cervical lymphnode were 85.7 % and 85.0 % in the treated group , which were higher than those in the control group ( 78.6 % and 78.9 % ) . The 5-year survival rate in the two groups were 50.0 % and 35.7 % respectively . After radio- and chemotherapy , the blood content of malonyldialdehyde ( MDA ) , middle molecular substance and sulfhydryl reduced the SOD activity ascended in the treated group , the difference was significant as compared with those in the control group ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION The supplementary moxibustion on Shenque point could obviously reduce the toxic side-effect of advanced NPC patients treated with radio- and chemotherapy OBJECTIVE To observe the complementary function of moxibustion and Guben Yiliu III ( GBYL ) , a Chinese herbal composite preparation , in combination with chemotherapy . METHODS Eighty-one patients of middle-late stage malignant tumor were r and omly divided into three groups , 16 in the control group treated with chemotherapy alone , 35 in the TCM group treated with chemotherapy combined GBYL and 30 in the TCM combined moxibustion group . The therapeutic effect of treatment was evaluated according to the immediate effect , living quality scoring , etc . RESULTS The comprehensive living quality score and Karnofsky score dropped significantly in the control group after treatment with significant increase of pain score and decrease of tongue figure score ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) . In the TCM group , the former two criteria lowered less than those in the control group , but no significant difference in the latter two criteria was shown . For those in the TCM combined moxibustion group , all the four criteria were improved better than those in the control group ( P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION GBYL combined or not combined with moxibustion could improve the living quality of patients received chemotherapy AIM To observe the effects of pre-moxibustion on apoptosis and proliferation of gastric mucosal cell in rats with stress-induced ulcer , and to analyze the relationship between those effects and the expression of heat-shock protein 70 ( HSP70 ) . METHODS Sixty healthy Sprague Dawley rats were r and omly assigned into four groups , namely group A , B , C and D. The animal model of stress ulcer was established by water immersion and restraint stress . The rats in group A , B , and D served as the restraint , model , and non-acupoint controls , respectively , while those in group C received moxibustion at Zusanli and Liangmen points . Immunohistochemical methodology was used to detect the expression of HSP70 , apoptosis index ( AI , multiply 10(-6)/microm(2 ) ) and proliferation index ( PCNA-LI , multiply 10(-6)/microm(2 ) ) . The mucosal expression of transforming growth factor alpha(TGF-alpha ) was detected by radioimmunoassay . RESULTS Moxibustion at Zusanli and Liangmen points significantly decreased the gastric injury and the apoptosis of gastric mucosal cells , while markedly increased the mucosal expression of TGF-alpha and HSP70 as well as the proliferation of gastric mucosal cells . Compared with group A , ulcer index ( UI ) ( 26.8 + /- 9.8 vs 12.0 + /- 5.9 , P < 0.01 ) , AI ( 9.6 + /- 4.2 vs 4.4 + /- 2.6 , P < 0.05 ) and expression of HSP70 ( 9.6 + /- 4.2 vs 4.4 + /- 2.6 , P < 0.05 ) were significantly increased , but the content of TGF-alpha ( 104.7 + /- 51.2 pg/mL vs 254.0 + /- 86.9 pg/mL , P < 0.01 ) and PCNA-LI ( 6.9 + /- 4.7 vs 14.9 + /- 4.6 , P < 0.05 ) were significantly decreased in group B. However , ulcer index values ( UI ) and AI were obviously lower in group C compared to groups B and D ( 14.1 + /- 5.4 vs 26.8 + /- 9.8 and 26.2 + /- 7.7 , P < 0.01 ; 3.0 + /- 1.6 vs 9.6 + /- 4.2 and 8.2 + /- 5.2 , P < 0.05 , respectively ) , but content of TGF-alpha ( 237.0 + /- 72.6 pg/mL vs 104.7 + /- 51.2 pg/mL and 154.1 + /- 61.3 pg/mL , P < 0.01 ) and expression of HSP70 ( 0.13 + /- 0.03 vs 0.08 + /- 0.06 and 0.06 + /- 0.04 , P < 0.05 ) were higher in group C. Furthermore , the PCNA-LI was significantly higher in group C than in group B ( 21.6 + /- 4.1 vs 6.9 + /- 4.7 , P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Moxibustion at Zusanli and Liangmen points has a protective effect on rats gastric mucosa in stress-induced gastric ulcer , which is closely related to its actions in promoting synthesis of TGF-alpha and proliferation of gastric mucosal cells , suppressing gastric mucosal cell apoptosis , and up-regulating HSP70 expression 
    Output:
    
agent
Conclusion The evidence is limited to suggest moxibustion is an effective supportive cancer care in nausea and vomiting .
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Clinical and experimental data indicate that most acupuncture clinical results are mediated by the central nervous system , but the specific effects of acupuncture on the human brain remain unclear . Even less is known about its effects on the cerebellum . This fMRI study demonstrated that manual acupuncture at ST 36 ( Stomach 36 , Zusanli ) , a main acupoint on the leg , modulated neural activity at multiple levels of the cerebro-cerebellar and limbic systems . The pattern of hemodynamic response depended on the psychophysical response to needle manipulation . Acupuncture stimulation typically elicited a composite of sensations termed deqi that is related to clinical efficacy according to traditional Chinese medicine . The limbic and paralimbic structures of cortical and subcortical regions in the telencephalon , diencephalon , brainstem and cerebellum demonstrated a concerted attenuation of signal intensity when the subjects experienced deqi . When deqi was mixed with sharp pain , the hemodynamic response was mixed , showing a predominance of signal increases instead . Tactile stimulation as control also elicited a predominance of signal increase in a subset of these regions . The study provides preliminary evidence for an integrated response of the human cerebro-cerebellar and limbic systems to acupuncture stimulation at ST 36 that correlates with the psychophysical response Moxibustion has been used to treat various types of disease . However , there is still insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness . This study was performed to summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion . A search was performed for all r and omized controlled trials in PubMed between January 1998 and July 2008 with no language restriction . The results yielded 47 trials in which six moxibustion types were applied to 36 diseases ranging from breech presentation to digestive disorders .  Moxibustion was compared to three types of control group : general care , Oriental medical therapies or waiting list . Moxibustion was superior to the control in 14 out of 54 control groups in 46 studies . There were no significant differences among groups in 7 studies , and the outcome direction was not determined in 33 studies . Seven studies were included in a meta- analysis . Moxibustion was more effective than medication in two ulcerative colitis studies ( relative risk ( 95 % CI ) , 2.20 ( 1.37 , 3.52 ) , P = .001 , I 2 = 0 % ) . Overall , our results did not support the effectiveness of moxibustion  in specific diseases due to the limited number and low quality of the studies and inadequate use of controls . In order to provide appropriate evidence regarding the effectiveness of moxibustion , more rigorous clinical trials using appropriate controls are warranted OBJECTIVES Moxibustion , a Traditional Chinese Medicine technique related to acupuncture , was proposed to facilitate cephalic version of breech presentation . Several trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy , but there are few reports on the safety of moxibustion . Our objective was to assess the side-effects and acceptability of this intervention . DESIGN We are conducting a r and omized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of moxibustion for breech version . The first 12 participants r and omized in the moxibustion group had additional fetal surveillance by electronic monitoring . SUBJECTS Pregnant women with a fetus in breech presentation are included in the trial between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation . INTERVENTIONS We performed a cardiotocogram during 10 minutes before , 20 minutes during , and 10 minutes after each session . A maximum of 9 sessions were scheduled every other day , and stopped when cephalic version was diagnosed . The recordings were assessed by 3 independent readers using the Fischer scoring system . OUTCOME MEASURES Fetal well-being was evaluated by the cardiotocogram ; effect on the mother was evaluated by blood pressure recorded before and after each session ; maternal views , contractions , and perceived changes in fetal movements were assessed using a question naire . RESULTS A total of 65 cardiotocograms were analyzed . All scores were considered as normal , being at 8 or more on a 0 - 10 scale . Acceptability for the women and compliance to the intervention were good . No significant maternal or fetal side-effect was observed . CONCLUSIONS We have not detected alterations of fetal and maternal well-being or other side-effects associated with moxibustion applied to the BL 67 for cephalic version of breech presentations . Moxibustion appears to be safe for both the mother and the fetus OBJECTIVE To determine whether clinical trials originating in certain countries always have positive results . DATA SOURCES Abstract s of trials from Medline ( January 1966-June 1995 ) . STUDY SELECTION Two separate studies were conducted . The first included trials in which the clinical outcome of a group of subjects receiving acupuncture  was compared to that of a group receiving placebo , no treatment , or a nonacupuncture intervention . In the second study , r and omized or controlled trials of interventions other than  acupuncture  that were published in China , Japan , Russia/USSR , or Taiwan were compared to those published in Engl and . DATA EXTRACTION Blinded review ers determined inclusion and outcome and separately classified each trial by country of origin . DATA SYNTHESIS In the study of acupuncture  trials , 252 of 1085 abstract s met the inclusion criteria . Research conducted in certain countries was uniformly favorable to acupuncture ; all trials originating in China , Japan , Hong Kong , and Taiwan were positive , as were 10 out of 11 of those published in Russia/USSR . In studies that examined interventions other than acupuncture , 405 of 1100 abstract s met the inclusion criteria . Of trials published in Engl and , 75 % gave the test treatment as superior to control . The results for China , Japan , Russia/USSR , and Taiwan were 99 % , 89 % , 97 % , and 95 % , respectively . No trial published in China or Russia/USSR found a test treatment to be ineffective . CONCLUSIONS Some countries publish unusually high proportions of positive results . Publication bias is a possible explanation . Research ers undertaking systematic review s should consider carefully how to manage data from these countries OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of supplementary moxibustion in treating III , IV a stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) with radio- and chemotherapy . METHODS Fifty-six cases of NPC were r and omly divided into two groups , 28 in each group . They were treated with radiotherapy in routine or chemotherapy adopting AD protocol . Salt-separated moxibustion on Shenque ( Ren 8) point was given to the treated group from beginning of radio- and chemotherapy for 30 times as one therapeutic course . RESULTS The remission rate in the two groups after radio- and chemotherapy was not different significantly . The toxic and side-effect occurrence was less in the treated group than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . The 5-year local control rates of NPC and cervical lymphnode were 85.7 % and 85.0 % in the treated group , which were higher than those in the control group ( 78.6 % and 78.9 % ) . The 5-year survival rate in the two groups were 50.0 % and 35.7 % respectively . After radio- and chemotherapy , the blood content of malonyldialdehyde ( MDA ) , middle molecular substance and sulfhydryl reduced the SOD activity ascended in the treated group , the difference was significant as compared with those in the control group ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION The supplementary moxibustion on Shenque point could obviously reduce the toxic side-effect of advanced NPC patients treated with radio- and chemotherapy OBJECTIVE To observe the complementary function of moxibustion and Guben Yiliu III ( GBYL ) , a Chinese herbal composite preparation , in combination with chemotherapy . METHODS Eighty-one patients of middle-late stage malignant tumor were r and omly divided into three groups , 16 in the control group treated with chemotherapy alone , 35 in the TCM group treated with chemotherapy combined GBYL and 30 in the TCM combined moxibustion group . The therapeutic effect of treatment was evaluated according to the immediate effect , living quality scoring , etc . RESULTS The comprehensive living quality score and Karnofsky score dropped significantly in the control group after treatment with significant increase of pain score and decrease of tongue figure score ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) . In the TCM group , the former two criteria lowered less than those in the control group , but no significant difference in the latter two criteria was shown . For those in the TCM combined moxibustion group , all the four criteria were improved better than those in the control group ( P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION GBYL combined or not combined with moxibustion could improve the living quality of patients received chemotherapy AIM To observe the effects of pre-moxibustion on apoptosis and proliferation of gastric mucosal cell in rats with stress-induced ulcer , and to analyze the relationship between those effects and the expression of heat-shock protein 70 ( HSP70 ) . METHODS Sixty healthy Sprague Dawley rats were r and omly assigned into four groups , namely group A , B , C and D. The animal model of stress ulcer was established by water immersion and restraint stress . The rats in group A , B , and D served as the restraint , model , and non-acupoint controls , respectively , while those in group C received moxibustion at Zusanli and Liangmen points . Immunohistochemical methodology was used to detect the expression of HSP70 , apoptosis index ( AI , multiply 10(-6)/microm(2 ) ) and proliferation index ( PCNA-LI , multiply 10(-6)/microm(2 ) ) . The mucosal expression of transforming growth factor alpha(TGF-alpha ) was detected by radioimmunoassay . RESULTS Moxibustion at Zusanli and Liangmen points significantly decreased the gastric injury and the apoptosis of gastric mucosal cells , while markedly increased the mucosal expression of TGF-alpha and HSP70 as well as the proliferation of gastric mucosal cells . Compared with group A , ulcer index ( UI ) ( 26.8 + /- 9.8 vs 12.0 + /- 5.9 , P < 0.01 ) , AI ( 9.6 + /- 4.2 vs 4.4 + /- 2.6 , P < 0.05 ) and expression of HSP70 ( 9.6 + /- 4.2 vs 4.4 + /- 2.6 , P < 0.05 ) were significantly increased , but the content of TGF-alpha ( 104.7 + /- 51.2 pg/mL vs 254.0 + /- 86.9 pg/mL , P < 0.01 ) and PCNA-LI ( 6.9 + /- 4.7 vs 14.9 + /- 4.6 , P < 0.05 ) were significantly decreased in group B. However , ulcer index values ( UI ) and AI were obviously lower in group C compared to groups B and D ( 14.1 + /- 5.4 vs 26.8 + /- 9.8 and 26.2 + /- 7.7 , P < 0.01 ; 3.0 + /- 1.6 vs 9.6 + /- 4.2 and 8.2 + /- 5.2 , P < 0.05 , respectively ) , but content of TGF-alpha ( 237.0 + /- 72.6 pg/mL vs 104.7 + /- 51.2 pg/mL and 154.1 + /- 61.3 pg/mL , P < 0.01 ) and expression of HSP70 ( 0.13 + /- 0.03 vs 0.08 + /- 0.06 and 0.06 + /- 0.04 , P < 0.05 ) were higher in group C. Furthermore , the PCNA-LI was significantly higher in group C than in group B ( 21.6 + /- 4.1 vs 6.9 + /- 4.7 , P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Moxibustion at Zusanli and Liangmen points has a protective effect on rats gastric mucosa in stress-induced gastric ulcer , which is closely related to its actions in promoting synthesis of TGF-alpha and proliferation of gastric mucosal cells , suppressing gastric mucosal cell apoptosis , and up-regulating HSP70 expression 
    Output:
    