human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 5 % sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) to that of ferric sulfate ( FeSO4 ) as a pulpotomy medicament in decayed primary molars . METHODS Healthy subjects between 4 and 9 years with at least 2 primary molars needing pulpotomy consented to receive either  NaOCl or FeSO4 and restoration with IRM base/stainless steel crown in a prospect i ve , r and omized design . Clinical and radiographic signs/symptoms were recorded at 0 , 6 , and 12 months . RESULTS Twenty-three subjects were recruited . Six-month results are based on the first 32 teeth in the NaOCl group and 28 teeth in the FeSO4 group . Twelve-month results are based on 13 teeth in the FeSO4 group and 14 in the NaOCl group . Results show 100 % restoration retention in both groups and no signs/symptoms of pain at 6 and 12 months . At 6 months , 100 % clinical success was found with both FeSO4 and NaOCl .  Radiographic success for FeSO4 was 68 % , with internal resorption being the most common finding . The NaOCl group showed 91 % radiographic success , P = .050 . At 12 months , FeSO4 had 85 % clinical success and 62 % radiographic success .  NaOCl had 100 % clinical success and 79 % radiographic success . CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence shows that NaOCl can be used successfully as a pulpotomy medicament PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of vital primary molar pulpotomy  when there is no direct contact between eugenol and the vital pulp . Four pulpotomy techniques were compared : ( 1 ) ferric sulfate ( FS ) pulpotomy ; ( 2 ) eugenol-free FS pulpotomy ; ( 3 ) mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy ; and ( 4 ) FS/MTA pulpotomy . METHODS The pulpotomy technique assigned to each molar was determined by r and om selection . Two blinded , disinterested raters classified each molar into 1 of 3 radiographic outcomes : ( 1 ) N = normal molar without pathologic change ; ( 2 ) Po = pathologic change present , follow-up recommended ; ( 3 ) Px = pathologic change present , extract . RESULTS A total of 92 patients with 227 pulpotomy-treated molars returned for at least 1 recall examination . Median follow-up for molars was 24 months ( range=12 - 38 months ) . MTA molars demonstrated significantly fewer Px radiographic outcomes than FS molars ( P=.002 , chi-square test ) . Eugenol-free FS molars demonstrated significantly more Px radiographic outcomes than MTA ( P<.001 , chi-square test ) or FS/MTA ( P=.002 , chi-square test ) molars . Significantly lower survival was demonstrated for eugenol-free FS molars compared to MTA molars ( P=.02 , log-rank test ) over 6 to 38 months . CONCLUSIONS Outcomes for mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy were superior to ferric sulfate and eugenol-free ferric sulfate pulpotomy after a median follow-up of 2 years Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effect of white mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomised primary molars . Methods In this clinical trial study , 60 lower second primary molars of 46 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) and FC ( control ) groups by r and om numbered table . Following removal of the coronal pulp and haemostasis , the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Children arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation after 6 , 12 and 24 months . Results The treated teeth in FC group ( n = 18 ) were clinical ly and radiographically successful after 24 months . The radiographic follow-up evaluation revealed one failure ( furcation involvement ) in 18 molars treated with MTA after 24 months . The treated teeth in MTA group were clinical ly successful 24 months postoperatively . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in one of the teeth treated with MTA and four of the teeth treated with FC . Conclusion MTA could be used as a safe medicament for pulpotomy in cariously exposed primary molars and could be a substitute for FC Mixed treatment comparison ( MTC ) meta- analysis is a generalization of st and ard pairwise meta- analysis for A vs B trials , to data structures that include , for example , A vs B , B vs C , and A vs C trials . There are two roles for MTC : one is to strengthen inference concerning the relative efficacy of two treatments , by including both ' direct ' and ' indirect ' comparisons . The other is to facilitate simultaneous inference regarding all treatments , in order for example to select the best treatment . In this paper , we present a range of Bayesian hierarchical models using the Markov chain Monte Carlo software WinBUGS . These are multivariate r and om effects models that allow for variation in true treatment effects across trials . We consider models where the between-trials variance is homogeneous across treatment comparisons as well as heterogeneous variance models . We also compare models with fixed ( unconstrained ) baseline study effects with models with r and om baselines drawn from a common distribution . These models are applied to an illustrative data set and posterior parameter distributions are compared . We discuss model critique and model selection , illustrating the role of Bayesian deviance analysis , and node-based model criticism . The assumptions underlying the MTC models and their parameterization are also discussed Pulpotomies were performed on 83 primary molars in 62 patients .  Ferric sulfate or formocresol was placed on the pulpal stumps , and teeth were followed for 3- , 6- , and 12-month periods . After the one-year follow-up , 28 of 29 teeth treated with ferric sulfate ( FS group ) were considered successful and 21 of 27 teeth treated with formocresol ( FC group ) were judged to be successful . The FS group demonstrated greater combined clinical and radiographic success than the FC group at the one-year recall ( P < 0.05 ) . Although the results of this study are promising , further study with longer observation periods is warranted before this technique can be recommended AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of calcium-enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp dressing bio material s in vital pulpotomy of carious primary molars . STUDY DESIGN split-mouth r and omised clinical trial . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty children aged 4 - 8 years with 2 carious teeth requiring pulpotomy were selected and r and omly assigned to MTA ( n = 40 ) or CEM ( n = 40 ) groups . After coronal pulp removal , the remaining radicular pulp was covered with an appropriate bio material ; the teeth were then permanently restored . Clinical /radiographic success/failures were blindly evaluated at 6- , 12- and 24-month follow-ups . STATISTICS the recorded data were analyzed with McNemar test and GEE . RESULTS A total of 36 , 33 and 35 patients were available for 6- , 12- and 24-month follow-ups , respectively . At the 12-month follow-up only one and three teeth in the CEM and MTA groups had pathologic external root resorption , respectively . The resorbed teeth were then missed due to extraction /exfoliation at the 24-month follow-up ; all other treated teeth were sign/symptom-free . Overall , clinical and radiographic outcomes in both MTA/CEM groups were comparable at the three follow-ups without significant differences . Time had no significant effect on the success . CONCLUSION MTA and CEM demonstrated favourable treatment outcomes for pulpotomy of carious primary molars ; CEM may be an effective pulp dressing bio material AIM To compare the outcome after 6 months of the application of formocresol ( FC ) or mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) during pulpotomy in primary molar teeth . METHODOLOGY A maximum of 126 children ( aged 5 - 9 years ) with carious primary teeth that required pulpotomy were selected . Following r and omization , a st and ard pulpotomy preparation was undertaken , and the coronal pulp removed and bleeding arrested . In the FC group , cotton balls , soaked in FC , were placed for 5 min , and then the pulp chamber was filled with Zonalin , a pulpotomy agent . In the MTA group , a 1-mm-thick paste of MTA was used as a pulpotomy agent . The crowns in both groups were restored with amalgam or glass ionomer .  The teeth of 100 patients were evaluated and compared clinical ly and radiographically after 3 and 6 months . RESULTS No signs of clinical failure were observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-up appointments in either group . There were no significant differences in the radiographic findings of the teeth and surrounding tissue at the 3-month follow-up . However , at the 6-month follow-up , significantly more cases ( P = 0.036 ) with root resorption were seen in the FC group ; no cases of resorption occurred amongst the MTA cases . The surrounding tissue showed radiographic signs of post-treatment disease in four FC cases ; none was seen in the MTA cases . CONCLUSION After 6 months , pulpotomy with MTA was associated with fewer cases of root resorption and post-treatment disease .  MTA appears to be a reliable alternative material for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth OBJECTIVES Although previous studies have examined the electrosurgical pulpotomy technique for primary teeth , no well-controlled , clinical human trials have been published . The purpose of this study was to prospect ively compare electrosurgical pulpotomies vs. formocresol pulpotomies in human vital primary molar teeth . DESIGN Fifty children were r and omly divided into two groups , 25 receiving an electrosurgical pulpotomy and 25 receiving a formocresol pulpotomy . RESULTS After at least 5 months postoperative observation time , the clinical and radiographic success rates for the electrosurgical groups were 96 and 84 % , respectively ; and for the formocresol group , 100 and 92 % , respectively . CONCLUSION There were no statistically significant differences between the success rates for the two groups at the P < 0.05 level as tested by Fisher 's exact test . This study failed to demonstrate a difference in the success rate between the electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy techniques PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars with carious pulp exposure . METHODS Forty-five primary molars of 26 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) or FC ( control ) group by a toss of a coin . Following removal of the coronal pulp and hemostasis the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes and removed ; the pulp stumps were then covered by zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Eighteen children with 32 teeth arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation ranging from 6 to 30 months . RESULTS The follow-up evaluations revealed only one failure ( internal resorption detected at a 17 months postoperative evaluation ) in a molar treated with formocresol . None of the MTA-treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 9 of 32 ( 28 % ) evaluated molars . This finding was detected in 2 out of the 15 teeth treated with FC ( 13 % ) and in 7 out of the 17 treated with MTA ( 41 % ) . CONCLUSION MTA showed clinical and radiographic success as a dressing material following pulpotomy in primary teeth and seems to be a suitable replacement for formocresol in primary teeth AIM : To compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of two vital pulpotomy agents : formocresol ( FC ) and Ankaferd Blood Stopper ® ( ABS ) , in primary molars during a 12-month follow-up period . STUDY DESIGN : A r and omised , single-blind study design was used in a sample of 30 healthy 6–9 year old children with 60 carious primary molars without clinical or radiographic evidence of pulp degeneration . METHODS : The pulpotomy agents were assigned as follows : Group 1 was 1:5 diluted Buckley ’s formocresol ( FC ) and Group 2 was ABS . Clinical and radiographic follow-up at 3 , 6 , and 12 months used the following criteria : pain , swelling , sinus tract , mobility , internal root resorption , and furcation and /or periapical bone destruction . STATISTICS : The data were analysed using Chi-square tests . RESULTS : The clinical and radiographic evaluation at 3 months revealed total success rates of 100 % in the FC and ABS groups . Success rates  in FC and ABS groups at 6 months were 96.7 % and 93.3 % respectively . At the 12-month follow-ups , the total success rates in the FC , and ABS groups were 89.3 % and 85.7 % , respectively . When the groups were compared according to the time intervals , no significant differences were observed between the 3 , 6 , and 12 month values . The success rates of the material s decreased over time . CONCLUSIONS : FC and ABS were found successful as 
    Output:
    
agent
After 18 - 24 months , in terms of treatment failure , the odds ratio for calcium hydroxide vs. formocresol was 1.94 [ 95 % credible interval ( CI ) : 1.11 , 3.25 ] ; 3.38 ( 95 % CI : 1.37 , 8.61 ) for lasers vs. formocresol ; 2.16 ( 95 % CI : 1.12 , 4.31 ) for calcium hydroxide vs. ferric sulfate ; 3.73 ( 95 % CI : 1.27 , 11.67 ) for lasers vs. ferric sulfate ; 0.47 ( 95 % CI : 0.26 , 0.83 ) for MTA vs. calcium hydroxide ; 3.76 ( 95 % CI : 1.39 , 10.08 ) for lasers vs. MTA CONCLUSIONS After 18 - 24 months , formocresol , ferric sulfate , and MTA showed significantly better clinical and radiographic outcomes than calcium hydroxide and laser therapies in primary molar pulpotomies .
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The network meta-analyses showed that MTA is the first choice for primary molar pulpotomies .
However , if treatment cost is an issue , especially when the treated primary molars are going to be replaced by permanent teeth , ferric sulfate may be the choice
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 5 % sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) to that of ferric sulfate ( FeSO4 ) as a pulpotomy medicament in decayed primary molars . METHODS Healthy subjects between 4 and 9 years with at least 2 primary molars needing pulpotomy consented to receive either  NaOCl or FeSO4 and restoration with IRM base/stainless steel crown in a prospect i ve , r and omized design . Clinical and radiographic signs/symptoms were recorded at 0 , 6 , and 12 months . RESULTS Twenty-three subjects were recruited . Six-month results are based on the first 32 teeth in the NaOCl group and 28 teeth in the FeSO4 group . Twelve-month results are based on 13 teeth in the FeSO4 group and 14 in the NaOCl group . Results show 100 % restoration retention in both groups and no signs/symptoms of pain at 6 and 12 months . At 6 months , 100 % clinical success was found with both FeSO4 and NaOCl .  Radiographic success for FeSO4 was 68 % , with internal resorption being the most common finding . The NaOCl group showed 91 % radiographic success , P = .050 . At 12 months , FeSO4 had 85 % clinical success and 62 % radiographic success .  NaOCl had 100 % clinical success and 79 % radiographic success . CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence shows that NaOCl can be used successfully as a pulpotomy medicament PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of vital primary molar pulpotomy  when there is no direct contact between eugenol and the vital pulp . Four pulpotomy techniques were compared : ( 1 ) ferric sulfate ( FS ) pulpotomy ; ( 2 ) eugenol-free FS pulpotomy ; ( 3 ) mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy ; and ( 4 ) FS/MTA pulpotomy . METHODS The pulpotomy technique assigned to each molar was determined by r and om selection . Two blinded , disinterested raters classified each molar into 1 of 3 radiographic outcomes : ( 1 ) N = normal molar without pathologic change ; ( 2 ) Po = pathologic change present , follow-up recommended ; ( 3 ) Px = pathologic change present , extract . RESULTS A total of 92 patients with 227 pulpotomy-treated molars returned for at least 1 recall examination . Median follow-up for molars was 24 months ( range=12 - 38 months ) . MTA molars demonstrated significantly fewer Px radiographic outcomes than FS molars ( P=.002 , chi-square test ) . Eugenol-free FS molars demonstrated significantly more Px radiographic outcomes than MTA ( P<.001 , chi-square test ) or FS/MTA ( P=.002 , chi-square test ) molars . Significantly lower survival was demonstrated for eugenol-free FS molars compared to MTA molars ( P=.02 , log-rank test ) over 6 to 38 months . CONCLUSIONS Outcomes for mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy were superior to ferric sulfate and eugenol-free ferric sulfate pulpotomy after a median follow-up of 2 years Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effect of white mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomised primary molars . Methods In this clinical trial study , 60 lower second primary molars of 46 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) and FC ( control ) groups by r and om numbered table . Following removal of the coronal pulp and haemostasis , the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Children arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation after 6 , 12 and 24 months . Results The treated teeth in FC group ( n = 18 ) were clinical ly and radiographically successful after 24 months . The radiographic follow-up evaluation revealed one failure ( furcation involvement ) in 18 molars treated with MTA after 24 months . The treated teeth in MTA group were clinical ly successful 24 months postoperatively . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in one of the teeth treated with MTA and four of the teeth treated with FC . Conclusion MTA could be used as a safe medicament for pulpotomy in cariously exposed primary molars and could be a substitute for FC Mixed treatment comparison ( MTC ) meta- analysis is a generalization of st and ard pairwise meta- analysis for A vs B trials , to data structures that include , for example , A vs B , B vs C , and A vs C trials . There are two roles for MTC : one is to strengthen inference concerning the relative efficacy of two treatments , by including both ' direct ' and ' indirect ' comparisons . The other is to facilitate simultaneous inference regarding all treatments , in order for example to select the best treatment . In this paper , we present a range of Bayesian hierarchical models using the Markov chain Monte Carlo software WinBUGS . These are multivariate r and om effects models that allow for variation in true treatment effects across trials . We consider models where the between-trials variance is homogeneous across treatment comparisons as well as heterogeneous variance models . We also compare models with fixed ( unconstrained ) baseline study effects with models with r and om baselines drawn from a common distribution . These models are applied to an illustrative data set and posterior parameter distributions are compared . We discuss model critique and model selection , illustrating the role of Bayesian deviance analysis , and node-based model criticism . The assumptions underlying the MTC models and their parameterization are also discussed Pulpotomies were performed on 83 primary molars in 62 patients .  Ferric sulfate or formocresol was placed on the pulpal stumps , and teeth were followed for 3- , 6- , and 12-month periods . After the one-year follow-up , 28 of 29 teeth treated with ferric sulfate ( FS group ) were considered successful and 21 of 27 teeth treated with formocresol ( FC group ) were judged to be successful . The FS group demonstrated greater combined clinical and radiographic success than the FC group at the one-year recall ( P < 0.05 ) . Although the results of this study are promising , further study with longer observation periods is warranted before this technique can be recommended AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of calcium-enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp dressing bio material s in vital pulpotomy of carious primary molars . STUDY DESIGN split-mouth r and omised clinical trial . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty children aged 4 - 8 years with 2 carious teeth requiring pulpotomy were selected and r and omly assigned to MTA ( n = 40 ) or CEM ( n = 40 ) groups . After coronal pulp removal , the remaining radicular pulp was covered with an appropriate bio material ; the teeth were then permanently restored . Clinical /radiographic success/failures were blindly evaluated at 6- , 12- and 24-month follow-ups . STATISTICS the recorded data were analyzed with McNemar test and GEE . RESULTS A total of 36 , 33 and 35 patients were available for 6- , 12- and 24-month follow-ups , respectively . At the 12-month follow-up only one and three teeth in the CEM and MTA groups had pathologic external root resorption , respectively . The resorbed teeth were then missed due to extraction /exfoliation at the 24-month follow-up ; all other treated teeth were sign/symptom-free . Overall , clinical and radiographic outcomes in both MTA/CEM groups were comparable at the three follow-ups without significant differences . Time had no significant effect on the success . CONCLUSION MTA and CEM demonstrated favourable treatment outcomes for pulpotomy of carious primary molars ; CEM may be an effective pulp dressing bio material AIM To compare the outcome after 6 months of the application of formocresol ( FC ) or mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) during pulpotomy in primary molar teeth . METHODOLOGY A maximum of 126 children ( aged 5 - 9 years ) with carious primary teeth that required pulpotomy were selected . Following r and omization , a st and ard pulpotomy preparation was undertaken , and the coronal pulp removed and bleeding arrested . In the FC group , cotton balls , soaked in FC , were placed for 5 min , and then the pulp chamber was filled with Zonalin , a pulpotomy agent . In the MTA group , a 1-mm-thick paste of MTA was used as a pulpotomy agent . The crowns in both groups were restored with amalgam or glass ionomer .  The teeth of 100 patients were evaluated and compared clinical ly and radiographically after 3 and 6 months . RESULTS No signs of clinical failure were observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-up appointments in either group . There were no significant differences in the radiographic findings of the teeth and surrounding tissue at the 3-month follow-up . However , at the 6-month follow-up , significantly more cases ( P = 0.036 ) with root resorption were seen in the FC group ; no cases of resorption occurred amongst the MTA cases . The surrounding tissue showed radiographic signs of post-treatment disease in four FC cases ; none was seen in the MTA cases . CONCLUSION After 6 months , pulpotomy with MTA was associated with fewer cases of root resorption and post-treatment disease .  MTA appears to be a reliable alternative material for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth OBJECTIVES Although previous studies have examined the electrosurgical pulpotomy technique for primary teeth , no well-controlled , clinical human trials have been published . The purpose of this study was to prospect ively compare electrosurgical pulpotomies vs. formocresol pulpotomies in human vital primary molar teeth . DESIGN Fifty children were r and omly divided into two groups , 25 receiving an electrosurgical pulpotomy and 25 receiving a formocresol pulpotomy . RESULTS After at least 5 months postoperative observation time , the clinical and radiographic success rates for the electrosurgical groups were 96 and 84 % , respectively ; and for the formocresol group , 100 and 92 % , respectively . CONCLUSION There were no statistically significant differences between the success rates for the two groups at the P < 0.05 level as tested by Fisher 's exact test . This study failed to demonstrate a difference in the success rate between the electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy techniques PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars with carious pulp exposure . METHODS Forty-five primary molars of 26 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) or FC ( control ) group by a toss of a coin . Following removal of the coronal pulp and hemostasis the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes and removed ; the pulp stumps were then covered by zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Eighteen children with 32 teeth arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation ranging from 6 to 30 months . RESULTS The follow-up evaluations revealed only one failure ( internal resorption detected at a 17 months postoperative evaluation ) in a molar treated with formocresol . None of the MTA-treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 9 of 32 ( 28 % ) evaluated molars . This finding was detected in 2 out of the 15 teeth treated with FC ( 13 % ) and in 7 out of the 17 treated with MTA ( 41 % ) . CONCLUSION MTA showed clinical and radiographic success as a dressing material following pulpotomy in primary teeth and seems to be a suitable replacement for formocresol in primary teeth AIM : To compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of two vital pulpotomy agents : formocresol ( FC ) and Ankaferd Blood Stopper ® ( ABS ) , in primary molars during a 12-month follow-up period . STUDY DESIGN : A r and omised , single-blind study design was used in a sample of 30 healthy 6–9 year old children with 60 carious primary molars without clinical or radiographic evidence of pulp degeneration . METHODS : The pulpotomy agents were assigned as follows : Group 1 was 1:5 diluted Buckley ’s formocresol ( FC ) and Group 2 was ABS . Clinical and radiographic follow-up at 3 , 6 , and 12 months used the following criteria : pain , swelling , sinus tract , mobility , internal root resorption , and furcation and /or periapical bone destruction . STATISTICS : The data were analysed using Chi-square tests . RESULTS : The clinical and radiographic evaluation at 3 months revealed total success rates of 100 % in the FC and ABS groups . Success rates  in FC and ABS groups at 6 months were 96.7 % and 93.3 % respectively . At the 12-month follow-ups , the total success rates in the FC , and ABS groups were 89.3 % and 85.7 % , respectively . When the groups were compared according to the time intervals , no significant differences were observed between the 3 , 6 , and 12 month values . The success rates of the material s decreased over time . CONCLUSIONS : FC and ABS were found successful as 
    Output:
    