human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose The grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol exerts cardiovascular benefits but evidence from r and omized human clinical trials is very limited . We investigated dose-depending effects of a resveratrol-containing grape supplement on stable patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) treated according to currently accepted guidelines for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease . Methods In a triple-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled , one-year follow-up , 3-arm pilot clinical trial , 75 stable-CAD patients received 350 mg/day of placebo , resveratrol-containing grape extract ( grape phenolics plus 8 mg resveratrol ) or conventional grape extract lacking resveratrol during 6 months , and a double dose for the following 6 months . Changes in circulating inflammatory and fibrinolytic biomarkers were analyzed . Moreover , the transcriptional profiling of inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) was explored using microarrays and functional gene expression analysis . Results After 1 year , in contrast to the placebo and conventional grape extract groups , the resveratrol-containing grape extract group showed an increase of the anti-inflammatory serum adiponectin ( 9.6 % , p = 0.01 ) and a decrease of the thrombogenic plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI-1 ) ( −18.6 % , p = 0.05 ) . In addition , 6 key inflammation-related transcription factors were predicted to be significantly activated or inhibited , with 27 extracellular-space acting genes involved in inflammation , cell migration and T-cell interaction signals presenting downregulation ( p < 0.05 ) in P BMC s. No adverse effects were detected in relation to the study products . Conclusions Chronic daily consumption of a resveratrol-containing grape nutraceutical could exert cardiovascular benefits in stable-CAD patients treated according to current evidence -based st and ards , by increasing serum adiponectin , preventing PAI-1 increase and inhibiting atherothrombotic signals in P BMC This clinical trial aim ed to discover the effects of probiotic soy milk and soy milk on MLH1 and MSH2 promoter methylation , and oxidative stress among type II diabetic patients . Forty patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged 35–68 years were assigned to two groups in this r and omized , double-blind , controlled clinical trial . Patients in the intervention group consumed 200 ml/day of probiotic soy milk containing Lactobacillus plantarum A7 , while those in the control group consumed 200 ml/d of conventional soy milk for 8 weeks . Fasting blood sample s , anthropometric measurements , and 24-h dietary recalls were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study , respectively . Probiotic soy milk significantly decreased promoter methylation in proximal and distal MLH1 promoter region ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001 , respectively ) compared with the baseline values , while plasma concentration of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG ) decreased significantly compared with soy milk ( P < 0.05 ) . In addition , a significant increase in superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activity was observed in probiotic soy milk group compared with baseline value ( P < 0.01 ) . There were no significant changes from baseline in the promoter methylation of MSH2 within either group ( P > 0.05 ) . The consumption of probiotic soy milk  improved antioxidant status in type II diabetic patients and may decrease promoter methylation among these patients , indicating that probiotic soy milk is a promising agent for diabetes management Background : Exercise can lead to acute oxidative stress , which can result in oxidative damage and induce inflammation . Resveratrol may reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines . Thus , we investigated the effects of this compound on the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) and interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) in male professional basketball players . Methods : Twenty healthy male professional basketball players were r and omized into two groups ( 10 each ) . For 6 weeks , they received daily either 200 mg of polygonum cuspidatum extract ( PCE ) st and ardized to contain 20 % trans-resveratrol equivalent to 40 mg trans-resveratrol or placebo . Indices of inflammation were measured before and after 6 weeks of supplementation . Results : There was a significant reduction in plasma levels of TNF-a and IL-6 after 6 weeks of supplementation ; while no change was observed in these markers in the control group . Conclusions : Present study shows that 6 weeks of PCE containing resveratrol supplementation reduces the inflammation in male professional basketball players Objective . The effect of a proprietary formulation of trans-resveratrol ( t-RSV ) on manifestations of diabetic foot syndrome ( DFS ) was studied in type 2 diabetic patients with newly diagnosed diabetic foot ulcers . Method . Placebo-controlled , examiner-blinded , parallel-group r and omized controlled pilot clinical trial ( ACTRN Clinical Trial Registry number 12610000629033 ) involving 24 patients with DFS ( 15 males and 9 females , average age of 56.4 ± 9.1 years ) divided into the  placebo and RSV-treatment groups was performed . 50 mg of t-RSV or placebo capsules was given to each patient twice a day over a 60-day time period . Results . Reduction in the parameters reflecting diabetic ulcer size was more profound in the RSV group as compared to placebo . RSV-treated patients also had a marginally improved performance in the foot pressure test . A statistically significant decline in the plasma fibrinogen level , but not CRP , was also found in the RSV-treated patients . Some improvement in the plasma lipid profile and fasting glucose levels were not related to RSV-treatment , since they have been seen on both the RSV and placebo groups , revealing the effectiveness of medical supervision and education in the newly diagnosed patients with DFS . Conclusion . t-RSV supplementation promotes reduction of the foot ulcer size and reduces plasma fibrinogen level in type 2 diabetic patients The polyphenol resveratrol is considered to exert many beneficial actions , such as antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , insulin-sensitizer and anticancer effects . Its benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) are controversial . Our aims were to determine whether resveratrol supplementation at two different dosages ( 500 and 40mg/day ) for 6 months i ) reduced the concentrations of C-reactive-protein ( CRP ) and ii ) ameliorated the metabolic pattern of T2DM patients .  In the present double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial , 192 T2DM patients were r and omized to receive resveratrol 500mg/day ( Resv500arm ) , resveratrol 40mg/day ( Resv40arm ) or placebo for 6-months . At baseline and at the trial end , CRP values , anthropometric , metabolic and liver parameters were determined . No serious adverse event occurred . A dose-dependent , though not significant , CRP decrease of 5.6 % ( Resv40arm ) and 15.9 % ( Resv500arm ) was observed vs placebo . We failed to detect significant differences in weight , BMI , waist circumference , and values of arterial blood pressure , fasting glucose , glycated hemoglobin , insulin , C-peptide , free fatty acids , liver transaminases , uric acid , adiponectin , interleukin-6 , in both the Resv500 and Resv40 arms vs placebo . Total cholesterol and triglycerides slightly increased in the Resv500arm . Subgroup analyses revealed that lower diabetes duration ( in both Resv500 and Resv40arms ) , and , in the Resv500arm , younger age , aspirin use and being a smoker were associated with a significantly higher CRP reduction vs placebo . The supplementations with 40mg/day or 500mg/day resveratrol did neither reduce CRP concentrations , nor improve the metabolic pattern of T2DM patients OBJECTIVE Smokers are characterized by a low- grade systemic inflammatory state and an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance . Few human studies were conducted on the effects of resveratrol , a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties , and no trial on smokers has been performed to date . We evaluated whether resveratrol has beneficial effects on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in smokers . METHODS AND RESULTS A r and omized , double- blind , cross-over trial was performed in 50 healthy adult smokers : 25 were r and omly allocated to " resveratrol-first " ( 30-days : 500 mg resveratrol/day , 30-days wash-out , 30-days placebo ) and 25 to " placebo-first " ( 30-days placebo , 30-days wash-out , 30-days 500 mg resveratrol/day ) . Resveratrol significantly reduced C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and triglyceride concentrations , and increased Total Antioxidant Status ( TAS ) values . After analyzing data with general linear models to assess period and carry-over effects , the ratios of the values after resveratrol to those after placebo were respectively : 0.47 ( 95%CI 0.38 - 0.59 ) -CRP- and 0.71 ( 95%CI 0.65 - 0.78 ) -triglycerides- , while TAS increased by 74.2 μmol/L ( 95%CI 60.8 - 87.6 ) . Uric acid , glucose , insulin , cholesterol , liver enzyme concentrations , and weight , waist circumference , and blood pressure values did not significantly change after resveratrol supplementation . CONCLUSIONS Because resveratrol has anti-inflammatory , anti-oxidant , and hypotriglyceridemic effects , its supplementation may beneficially affect the increased cardiovascular risk of healthy smokers The search for complementary treatments in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is a high-priority challenge . Grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol confers CV benefits , in part by exerting anti-inflammatory effects . However , the evidence in human long-term clinical trials has yet to be established . We aim ed to investigate the effects of a dietary resveratrol-rich grape supplement on the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status of subjects at high risk of CVD and treated according to current guidelines for primary prevention of CVD . Seventy-five patients undergoing primary prevention of CVD participated in this triple-blinded , r and omized , parallel , dose-response , placebo-controlled , 1-year follow-up trial . Patients , allocated in 3 groups , consumed placebo ( maltodextrin ) , a resveratrol-rich grape supplement ( resveratrol 8 mg ) , or a conventional grape supplement lacking resveratrol , for the first 6 months and a double dose for the next 6 months . In contrast to placebo and conventional grape supplement , the resveratrol-rich grape supplement  significantly decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( -26 % , p = 0.03 ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( -19.8 % , p = 0.01 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( -16.8 % , p = 0.03 ) , and interleukin-6/interleukin-10 ratio ( -24 % , p = 0.04 ) and increased anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 ( 19.8 % , p = 0.00 ) . Adiponectin ( 6.5 % , p = 0.07 ) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( -5.7 % , p = 0.06 ) tended to increase and decrease , respectively . No adverse effects were observed in any patient . In conclusion , 1-year consumption of a resveratrol-rich grape supplement  improved the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in patients who were on statins for primary prevention of CVD and at high CVD risk ( i.e. , with diabetes or hypercholesterolemia plus ≥1 other CV risk factor ) . Our results show for the first time that a dietary intervention with grape resveratrol could complement the gold st and ard therapy in the primary prevention of CVD BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) , characterized by accumulation of hepatic triglycerides ( steatosis ) , is associated with abdominal obesity , insulin resistance , and inflammation . Although weight loss via calorie restriction reduces features of NAFLD , there is no pharmacologic therapy . Resveratrol is a polyphenol that prevents high-energy diet-induced steatosis and insulin resistance in animals by up-regulating pathways that regulate energy metabolism . We performed a placebo-controlled trial to assess the effects of resveratrol in patients with NAFLD . METHODS Overweight or obese men diagnosed with NAFLD were recru 
    Output:
    
agent
Conclusion The analysis indicated possible decreasing effect of resveratrol on CRP , but it might not be able to change IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations .
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose The grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol exerts cardiovascular benefits but evidence from r and omized human clinical trials is very limited . We investigated dose-depending effects of a resveratrol-containing grape supplement on stable patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) treated according to currently accepted guidelines for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease . Methods In a triple-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled , one-year follow-up , 3-arm pilot clinical trial , 75 stable-CAD patients received 350 mg/day of placebo , resveratrol-containing grape extract ( grape phenolics plus 8 mg resveratrol ) or conventional grape extract lacking resveratrol during 6 months , and a double dose for the following 6 months . Changes in circulating inflammatory and fibrinolytic biomarkers were analyzed . Moreover , the transcriptional profiling of inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) was explored using microarrays and functional gene expression analysis . Results After 1 year , in contrast to the placebo and conventional grape extract groups , the resveratrol-containing grape extract group showed an increase of the anti-inflammatory serum adiponectin ( 9.6 % , p = 0.01 ) and a decrease of the thrombogenic plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI-1 ) ( −18.6 % , p = 0.05 ) . In addition , 6 key inflammation-related transcription factors were predicted to be significantly activated or inhibited , with 27 extracellular-space acting genes involved in inflammation , cell migration and T-cell interaction signals presenting downregulation ( p < 0.05 ) in P BMC s. No adverse effects were detected in relation to the study products . Conclusions Chronic daily consumption of a resveratrol-containing grape nutraceutical could exert cardiovascular benefits in stable-CAD patients treated according to current evidence -based st and ards , by increasing serum adiponectin , preventing PAI-1 increase and inhibiting atherothrombotic signals in P BMC This clinical trial aim ed to discover the effects of probiotic soy milk and soy milk on MLH1 and MSH2 promoter methylation , and oxidative stress among type II diabetic patients . Forty patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged 35–68 years were assigned to two groups in this r and omized , double-blind , controlled clinical trial . Patients in the intervention group consumed 200 ml/day of probiotic soy milk containing Lactobacillus plantarum A7 , while those in the control group consumed 200 ml/d of conventional soy milk for 8 weeks . Fasting blood sample s , anthropometric measurements , and 24-h dietary recalls were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study , respectively . Probiotic soy milk significantly decreased promoter methylation in proximal and distal MLH1 promoter region ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001 , respectively ) compared with the baseline values , while plasma concentration of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG ) decreased significantly compared with soy milk ( P < 0.05 ) . In addition , a significant increase in superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activity was observed in probiotic soy milk group compared with baseline value ( P < 0.01 ) . There were no significant changes from baseline in the promoter methylation of MSH2 within either group ( P > 0.05 ) . The consumption of probiotic soy milk  improved antioxidant status in type II diabetic patients and may decrease promoter methylation among these patients , indicating that probiotic soy milk is a promising agent for diabetes management Background : Exercise can lead to acute oxidative stress , which can result in oxidative damage and induce inflammation . Resveratrol may reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines . Thus , we investigated the effects of this compound on the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) and interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) in male professional basketball players . Methods : Twenty healthy male professional basketball players were r and omized into two groups ( 10 each ) . For 6 weeks , they received daily either 200 mg of polygonum cuspidatum extract ( PCE ) st and ardized to contain 20 % trans-resveratrol equivalent to 40 mg trans-resveratrol or placebo . Indices of inflammation were measured before and after 6 weeks of supplementation . Results : There was a significant reduction in plasma levels of TNF-a and IL-6 after 6 weeks of supplementation ; while no change was observed in these markers in the control group . Conclusions : Present study shows that 6 weeks of PCE containing resveratrol supplementation reduces the inflammation in male professional basketball players Objective . The effect of a proprietary formulation of trans-resveratrol ( t-RSV ) on manifestations of diabetic foot syndrome ( DFS ) was studied in type 2 diabetic patients with newly diagnosed diabetic foot ulcers . Method . Placebo-controlled , examiner-blinded , parallel-group r and omized controlled pilot clinical trial ( ACTRN Clinical Trial Registry number 12610000629033 ) involving 24 patients with DFS ( 15 males and 9 females , average age of 56.4 ± 9.1 years ) divided into the  placebo and RSV-treatment groups was performed . 50 mg of t-RSV or placebo capsules was given to each patient twice a day over a 60-day time period . Results . Reduction in the parameters reflecting diabetic ulcer size was more profound in the RSV group as compared to placebo . RSV-treated patients also had a marginally improved performance in the foot pressure test . A statistically significant decline in the plasma fibrinogen level , but not CRP , was also found in the RSV-treated patients . Some improvement in the plasma lipid profile and fasting glucose levels were not related to RSV-treatment , since they have been seen on both the RSV and placebo groups , revealing the effectiveness of medical supervision and education in the newly diagnosed patients with DFS . Conclusion . t-RSV supplementation promotes reduction of the foot ulcer size and reduces plasma fibrinogen level in type 2 diabetic patients The polyphenol resveratrol is considered to exert many beneficial actions , such as antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , insulin-sensitizer and anticancer effects . Its benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) are controversial . Our aims were to determine whether resveratrol supplementation at two different dosages ( 500 and 40mg/day ) for 6 months i ) reduced the concentrations of C-reactive-protein ( CRP ) and ii ) ameliorated the metabolic pattern of T2DM patients .  In the present double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial , 192 T2DM patients were r and omized to receive resveratrol 500mg/day ( Resv500arm ) , resveratrol 40mg/day ( Resv40arm ) or placebo for 6-months . At baseline and at the trial end , CRP values , anthropometric , metabolic and liver parameters were determined . No serious adverse event occurred . A dose-dependent , though not significant , CRP decrease of 5.6 % ( Resv40arm ) and 15.9 % ( Resv500arm ) was observed vs placebo . We failed to detect significant differences in weight , BMI , waist circumference , and values of arterial blood pressure , fasting glucose , glycated hemoglobin , insulin , C-peptide , free fatty acids , liver transaminases , uric acid , adiponectin , interleukin-6 , in both the Resv500 and Resv40 arms vs placebo . Total cholesterol and triglycerides slightly increased in the Resv500arm . Subgroup analyses revealed that lower diabetes duration ( in both Resv500 and Resv40arms ) , and , in the Resv500arm , younger age , aspirin use and being a smoker were associated with a significantly higher CRP reduction vs placebo . The supplementations with 40mg/day or 500mg/day resveratrol did neither reduce CRP concentrations , nor improve the metabolic pattern of T2DM patients OBJECTIVE Smokers are characterized by a low- grade systemic inflammatory state and an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance . Few human studies were conducted on the effects of resveratrol , a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties , and no trial on smokers has been performed to date . We evaluated whether resveratrol has beneficial effects on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in smokers . METHODS AND RESULTS A r and omized , double- blind , cross-over trial was performed in 50 healthy adult smokers : 25 were r and omly allocated to " resveratrol-first " ( 30-days : 500 mg resveratrol/day , 30-days wash-out , 30-days placebo ) and 25 to " placebo-first " ( 30-days placebo , 30-days wash-out , 30-days 500 mg resveratrol/day ) . Resveratrol significantly reduced C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and triglyceride concentrations , and increased Total Antioxidant Status ( TAS ) values . After analyzing data with general linear models to assess period and carry-over effects , the ratios of the values after resveratrol to those after placebo were respectively : 0.47 ( 95%CI 0.38 - 0.59 ) -CRP- and 0.71 ( 95%CI 0.65 - 0.78 ) -triglycerides- , while TAS increased by 74.2 μmol/L ( 95%CI 60.8 - 87.6 ) . Uric acid , glucose , insulin , cholesterol , liver enzyme concentrations , and weight , waist circumference , and blood pressure values did not significantly change after resveratrol supplementation . CONCLUSIONS Because resveratrol has anti-inflammatory , anti-oxidant , and hypotriglyceridemic effects , its supplementation may beneficially affect the increased cardiovascular risk of healthy smokers The search for complementary treatments in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is a high-priority challenge . Grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol confers CV benefits , in part by exerting anti-inflammatory effects . However , the evidence in human long-term clinical trials has yet to be established . We aim ed to investigate the effects of a dietary resveratrol-rich grape supplement on the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status of subjects at high risk of CVD and treated according to current guidelines for primary prevention of CVD . Seventy-five patients undergoing primary prevention of CVD participated in this triple-blinded , r and omized , parallel , dose-response , placebo-controlled , 1-year follow-up trial . Patients , allocated in 3 groups , consumed placebo ( maltodextrin ) , a resveratrol-rich grape supplement ( resveratrol 8 mg ) , or a conventional grape supplement lacking resveratrol , for the first 6 months and a double dose for the next 6 months . In contrast to placebo and conventional grape supplement , the resveratrol-rich grape supplement  significantly decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( -26 % , p = 0.03 ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( -19.8 % , p = 0.01 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( -16.8 % , p = 0.03 ) , and interleukin-6/interleukin-10 ratio ( -24 % , p = 0.04 ) and increased anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 ( 19.8 % , p = 0.00 ) . Adiponectin ( 6.5 % , p = 0.07 ) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( -5.7 % , p = 0.06 ) tended to increase and decrease , respectively . No adverse effects were observed in any patient . In conclusion , 1-year consumption of a resveratrol-rich grape supplement  improved the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in patients who were on statins for primary prevention of CVD and at high CVD risk ( i.e. , with diabetes or hypercholesterolemia plus ≥1 other CV risk factor ) . Our results show for the first time that a dietary intervention with grape resveratrol could complement the gold st and ard therapy in the primary prevention of CVD BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) , characterized by accumulation of hepatic triglycerides ( steatosis ) , is associated with abdominal obesity , insulin resistance , and inflammation . Although weight loss via calorie restriction reduces features of NAFLD , there is no pharmacologic therapy . Resveratrol is a polyphenol that prevents high-energy diet-induced steatosis and insulin resistance in animals by up-regulating pathways that regulate energy metabolism . We performed a placebo-controlled trial to assess the effects of resveratrol in patients with NAFLD . METHODS Overweight or obese men diagnosed with NAFLD were recru 
    Output:
    