human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract Unfilled resins are commonly in use as sealant material . In addition , there are filled sealants available . Helioseal F is a newly developed filled material with fluoride release . In this clinical trial , Helioseal F has been evaluated in one lower molar versus Delton opaque as an unfilled control in lower molars . After 12 months there were no significant differences in retention , porosities , and the number of clinical ly unacceptable margins between the material s. The complete retention was 30 out of 31 examined teeth for Delton and 28 out of 31 for Helioseal F. After 1 year of clinical testing , these results indicate that a sealant containing fluoride-releasing particles did not show a significant difference in retention rate compared to an unfilled conventional sealant . However , long-term results concerning marginal adaptation should be evaluated Objective : The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the retention rates of two flowable restorative systems ( Admira Flow and Gr and io Flow ) with that of a conventional resin-based sealant ( Fissurit F ) . Material s and Methods : The study was planned as a clinical trial with a split-mouth design . A total of 122 sealants ( 38 Admira Flow , 41 Gr and io Flow , 43 Fissurit F ) were r and omly applied to completely erupted permanent molars in 35 patients aged 9–20 years and followed up for 24 months . Data were analyzed using Pearson ’s χ2 and multiple comparison tests . Results : At the end of the follow-up period , Fissurit F had higher retention rates ( 81.0 % ) than both Admira Flow ( 60.5 % ) and Gr and io Flow ( 57.1 % ) , with p < 0.05 . However , there was no significant difference in caries development among groups ( p > 0.05 ) . Conclusion : The two flowable composite resin material s used as fissure sealant were less retentive than the conventional resin sealant Aim and Objectives : Fissure caries is most common in children due to deep pit and fissures . Pit and fissure areas on the occlusal surface of the teeth make them susceptible to dental caries , which need to be prevented or restored . Fissures sealant reduces the risk of occlusal caries . The present study was done to evaluate microleakage and shear bond strength of various fissure sealants . Material s and Methods : Thirty-six extracted molars were r and omly allocated equally ( n = 12 ) into three groups with three different sealants to evaluate shear bond strength and microleakage at sealant space . The shear bond strengths was evaluated with one-way analysis of variance and microleakage by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18.0 ( Chicago : SPSS Inc , 2009 ) . Results : Tetric flow ( 16.8 MPa ) recorded the highest shear bond strength and the difference was statistically significant with enamel loc ( 12.8 MPa ) . There was no statistically significant difference in relation to microleakage ( P > 0.05 ) in the tested groups . Conclusions : Tetric flow recorded the highest shear bond strength and the difference was statistically significant with enamel loc . However , there was no statistically significant difference among the groups regarding microleakage This study evaluates the caries-preventive potential in permanent teeth of  dental sealants  when combined with an ongoing , school-based fluoride program . The investigation was design ed as a sequential , cross-sectional comparison . Dental caries findings in 1987 for 416 children ages 7 - 11 and 14 - 17 who received dental sealants and fluorides  were compared with corresponding data derived from 1983 baseline examinations of children who received fluoride therapy only .  In addition , sealant retention status was determined . Overall mean DMFS scores in 1987 for children in two age groups combined were 51 % lower than in 1983 . Also , a surface-specific treatment effect was demonstrated in pit and fissures for both older and younger age groups . The overall proportion of sealants retained on occlusal surfaces of first molars after an average of 2 yr ( 92 % ) compared favorably with similar figures cited in the scientific literature . The results of this study suggest that pit and fissure sealants confer additional caries-preventive benefits beyond those of fluoride therapy alone PURPOSE The aim of this work is to study and compare the retention rate , caries-preventing and antibacterial effects of resin-modified glass ionomer and flowable composite in comparison to conventional fissure sealant . METHODS Forty-five children aged 7 - 10 years with newly erupted lower first permanent molars were r and omly divided into three equal treatment groups . Group I : sealed by a conventional resin sealant ; Group II : sealed by resin modified glass ionomer ( RMGI ) ; and Group III : sealed by flowable composite .  Retention and caries status of the sealed teeth were recorded after 1 month , 6 months , year and 2 years . In addition , Streptococcus mutans counts were assessed at baseline , 1 day , 1 month , 6 months , 1 year and 2 years after sealant application . Data were analyzed by Fisher exact , chi-square and ANOVA tests . RESULTS Group III and Group I showed significantly higher retention rates than Group II fissure sealant ( p<0.05 ) . There were no differences of the caries-preventive effects between the tested sealant material s throughout the duration of the study . Streptococcus mutans counts were significantly lower in group II compared to group I or group III up to 6 months of the study ( p<0.05 ) . After 1 year of the study the differences of Streptococcus mutans counts were not significant ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION This study indicated a lower retention of RMGI compared to flowable composite and resin sealant without significant difference in caries prevention or long-term bacterial inhibition PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare microbial leakage of a new hydrophilic sealant with that of a conventional hydrophobic resin-based sealant . METHODS One hundred extracted , caries-free , human maxillary premolars were r and omly divided into five groups . Those in Groups 1 , 2 , and 3 had dry , wet , and artificial saliva-contaminated occlusal surfaces , respectively , and were sealed with a hydrophilic sealant , while those in Groups 4 and 5 had dry and wet occlusal surfaces , respectively , and were sealed with a hydrophobic sealant . A newly design ed microbial penetration method utilizing Streptococcus mutans as an indicator was tested for leakage assessment . Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 software , and the significance level was set at α=0.05 . RESULTS The log rank test indicated a statistically significant difference in leakage rates among the five groups . Mantel-Cox log-rank test findings showed that Group 3 had the highest leakage rate , with Groups 2 and 4 having the lowest . There was no statistically significant difference in leakage rate between Groups 2 and 4 . CONCLUSIONS With respect to the limitations of an in vitro study , our findings suggest that hydrophilic sealants are an acceptable alternative to hydrophobic sealants Aim : This was to compare 3 different material s for fissure sealing ( FS ) after a clinical use during a 24 month period and to assess the use of flowable composite resins in combination with dentine adhesives as sealing material s. Study Design : There were 41 patients aged from 7–17 years , for whom 100 permanent molars were sealed with 3  different sealing material s. Methods : Group A , 33 teeth were sealed material Helioseal Clear Chroma ( Vivadent , Schaan , Liechtenstein ) ; Group B , 33 teeth were sealed with Teethmate F1 ( Kuraray , Kurashiki , Japan ) , and in Group C , 34 teeth were sealed with the flowable composite Tetric Flow ( Vivadent , Schaan , Liechtenstein ) . For the analysis of the degree of retention , the criteria used were : 0-complete retention , 1-loss of 1/3 of material , 2-loss of 2/3 of material , 3-complete loss of material . Clinical criteria for appearance of a new caries lesion included following values : Caries present ( + ) or caries absent ( − ) . Statistics : Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis of retention rates between groups . Results : After the 24 month period , the highest retention rate of complete retention was established for the material Tetric Flow of 76.5 % , Helioseal Clear Croma 66.7 % , and Teethmate F1 60.6 % . The incidence of caries with Helioseal Clear Croma was 6.1 % , for Teethmate F1 3 % , with no statistically significant difference after the 24 months period ( p=0.656 ) . In the group of teeth sealed with Tetric Flow , there was not a single case of caries noted . Conclusions : The use of flowable composite resins as sealing material s is equal to other material s for fissure sealing This l and mark study of a pit and fissure sealant found 27.6 percent complete retention and 35.4 percent partial retention on permanent first molars . In the matched pair analysis , carious or restored surfaces made up 31.3 percent of the surfaces in the sealed group and 82.8 percent in the unsealed group OBJECTIVES The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the retention rate and caries-prevention effect of a flowable composite compared to a conventional resin-based sealant in a young population over a 24-month period . METHODS Thirty-four patients , ranging in age from 16 to 22 years , diagnosed with at least 2 non-cavitated pit- and -fissure caries in the first and second molars were selected for this r and omized split-mouth design trial . A total of 220 sealants , were placed in 117 upper molars and 103 lower molars . The teeth were sealed with a flowable resin composite ( Tetric Evo Flow ) or a sealant material ( Helioseal F ) . Each restoration was independently evaluated in terms of retention and the presence of caries at baseline and at 1 , 6 , 12 , and 24 months . Data were analyzed using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Friedman 1-way ANOVA tests at p<0.05 . RESULTS Tetric Evo Flow showed complete retention with 100 % , 95.5 % , 93.8 % , and 88.5 % at 1 , 6 , 12 , and 24-month evaluations , respectively , while Helioseal F retention rates were 98.1 % , 95.5 % , 94.8 % , and 85.4 % , respectively , for the same evaluation periods . At the 24-month recall , 4 ( 4.2 % ) total losses were observed in subjects treated with Tetric Evo Flow and 2 total losses ( 2.1 % ) for Helioseal F , respectively . No significant differences were observed between the material s in retention rates or caries incidence for each evaluation period ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Placement of flowable composite as fissure sealants in the younger population seems to be as effective as conventional fluoride containing fissure sealants for the prevention of fissure caries . CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of a flowable composite as a fissure sealant material , in conjunction with a total-etch , single bottle adhesive , yielded better retention than did the conventional fluoride containing resin-based fissure sealant over a 24-month period in young patients This clinical study evaluated the retention and caries protection of a flowable resin composite ( Flow Line ) and a flowable compomer ( Dyract Flow ) used in preventive resin restorations  as compared to the conventional preventive resin technique which uses a resin composite ( Brilliant ) and a sealant ( Concise ) . This study observed 205 permanent molars with small carious cavities less than 1.5 mm in width , which were obtained from 165 children aged 7 to 15 years .  Flowable resin composite was used to treat 75 teeth , and 71 teeth were treated with flowable compomer in both cavities and caries-free fissures . For the control group , 59 teeth were treated with resin composite in cavities and sealant in caries-free fissures . The teeth were evaluated at 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 and 24-month intervals . After three months , all 205 treated teeth were completely intact . After six months , 66 of the 71 teeth treated with flowable resin composite and 65 of the 70 teeth treated with flowable compomer were complete , compared to 57 of the 58 teeth treated with the conventional preventive resin technique . After 12 months , 60 of the 67 teeth treated with flowable resin composite and 61 of the 67 teeth treated with flowable compomer were complete , compared to 51 of the 55 teeth treated with the conventional preventive resin technique . After 18 months , 53 of the 61 teeth treated with flowable resin composite and 54 of the 62 teeth treated with flowable compomer were complete , compared to 47 of the 53 teeth treated with the conventional preventive resin technique . After 24 months , 49 of the 58 teeth treated with flowable resin composite and 45 of the 57 teeth treated with flowable compomer were complete , compared to 42 of the 52 teeth treated with the conventional preventive resin technique . There were no statistically significant differences in retention rates among all groups after 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 or 24-months ( p>0.05 ) . One tooth treated with flowable resin composite and 
    Output:
    
agent
Conclusion It seems that the use of flowable composite as a fissure sealing material can slightly increase the retention rate of sealants compared with conventional resin-based sealants
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract Unfilled resins are commonly in use as sealant material . In addition , there are filled sealants available . Helioseal F is a newly developed filled material with fluoride release . In this clinical trial , Helioseal F has been evaluated in one lower molar versus Delton opaque as an unfilled control in lower molars . After 12 months there were no significant differences in retention , porosities , and the number of clinical ly unacceptable margins between the material s. The complete retention was 30 out of 31 examined teeth for Delton and 28 out of 31 for Helioseal F. After 1 year of clinical testing , these results indicate that a sealant containing fluoride-releasing particles did not show a significant difference in retention rate compared to an unfilled conventional sealant . However , long-term results concerning marginal adaptation should be evaluated Objective : The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the retention rates of two flowable restorative systems ( Admira Flow and Gr and io Flow ) with that of a conventional resin-based sealant ( Fissurit F ) . Material s and Methods : The study was planned as a clinical trial with a split-mouth design . A total of 122 sealants ( 38 Admira Flow , 41 Gr and io Flow , 43 Fissurit F ) were r and omly applied to completely erupted permanent molars in 35 patients aged 9–20 years and followed up for 24 months . Data were analyzed using Pearson ’s χ2 and multiple comparison tests . Results : At the end of the follow-up period , Fissurit F had higher retention rates ( 81.0 % ) than both Admira Flow ( 60.5 % ) and Gr and io Flow ( 57.1 % ) , with p < 0.05 . However , there was no significant difference in caries development among groups ( p > 0.05 ) . Conclusion : The two flowable composite resin material s used as fissure sealant were less retentive than the conventional resin sealant Aim and Objectives : Fissure caries is most common in children due to deep pit and fissures . Pit and fissure areas on the occlusal surface of the teeth make them susceptible to dental caries , which need to be prevented or restored . Fissures sealant reduces the risk of occlusal caries . The present study was done to evaluate microleakage and shear bond strength of various fissure sealants . Material s and Methods : Thirty-six extracted molars were r and omly allocated equally ( n = 12 ) into three groups with three different sealants to evaluate shear bond strength and microleakage at sealant space . The shear bond strengths was evaluated with one-way analysis of variance and microleakage by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18.0 ( Chicago : SPSS Inc , 2009 ) . Results : Tetric flow ( 16.8 MPa ) recorded the highest shear bond strength and the difference was statistically significant with enamel loc ( 12.8 MPa ) . There was no statistically significant difference in relation to microleakage ( P > 0.05 ) in the tested groups . Conclusions : Tetric flow recorded the highest shear bond strength and the difference was statistically significant with enamel loc . However , there was no statistically significant difference among the groups regarding microleakage This study evaluates the caries-preventive potential in permanent teeth of  dental sealants  when combined with an ongoing , school-based fluoride program . The investigation was design ed as a sequential , cross-sectional comparison . Dental caries findings in 1987 for 416 children ages 7 - 11 and 14 - 17 who received dental sealants and fluorides  were compared with corresponding data derived from 1983 baseline examinations of children who received fluoride therapy only .  In addition , sealant retention status was determined . Overall mean DMFS scores in 1987 for children in two age groups combined were 51 % lower than in 1983 . Also , a surface-specific treatment effect was demonstrated in pit and fissures for both older and younger age groups . The overall proportion of sealants retained on occlusal surfaces of first molars after an average of 2 yr ( 92 % ) compared favorably with similar figures cited in the scientific literature . The results of this study suggest that pit and fissure sealants confer additional caries-preventive benefits beyond those of fluoride therapy alone PURPOSE The aim of this work is to study and compare the retention rate , caries-preventing and antibacterial effects of resin-modified glass ionomer and flowable composite in comparison to conventional fissure sealant . METHODS Forty-five children aged 7 - 10 years with newly erupted lower first permanent molars were r and omly divided into three equal treatment groups . Group I : sealed by a conventional resin sealant ; Group II : sealed by resin modified glass ionomer ( RMGI ) ; and Group III : sealed by flowable composite .  Retention and caries status of the sealed teeth were recorded after 1 month , 6 months , year and 2 years . In addition , Streptococcus mutans counts were assessed at baseline , 1 day , 1 month , 6 months , 1 year and 2 years after sealant application . Data were analyzed by Fisher exact , chi-square and ANOVA tests . RESULTS Group III and Group I showed significantly higher retention rates than Group II fissure sealant ( p<0.05 ) . There were no differences of the caries-preventive effects between the tested sealant material s throughout the duration of the study . Streptococcus mutans counts were significantly lower in group II compared to group I or group III up to 6 months of the study ( p<0.05 ) . After 1 year of the study the differences of Streptococcus mutans counts were not significant ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION This study indicated a lower retention of RMGI compared to flowable composite and resin sealant without significant difference in caries prevention or long-term bacterial inhibition PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare microbial leakage of a new hydrophilic sealant with that of a conventional hydrophobic resin-based sealant . METHODS One hundred extracted , caries-free , human maxillary premolars were r and omly divided into five groups . Those in Groups 1 , 2 , and 3 had dry , wet , and artificial saliva-contaminated occlusal surfaces , respectively , and were sealed with a hydrophilic sealant , while those in Groups 4 and 5 had dry and wet occlusal surfaces , respectively , and were sealed with a hydrophobic sealant . A newly design ed microbial penetration method utilizing Streptococcus mutans as an indicator was tested for leakage assessment . Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 software , and the significance level was set at α=0.05 . RESULTS The log rank test indicated a statistically significant difference in leakage rates among the five groups . Mantel-Cox log-rank test findings showed that Group 3 had the highest leakage rate , with Groups 2 and 4 having the lowest . There was no statistically significant difference in leakage rate between Groups 2 and 4 . CONCLUSIONS With respect to the limitations of an in vitro study , our findings suggest that hydrophilic sealants are an acceptable alternative to hydrophobic sealants Aim : This was to compare 3 different material s for fissure sealing ( FS ) after a clinical use during a 24 month period and to assess the use of flowable composite resins in combination with dentine adhesives as sealing material s. Study Design : There were 41 patients aged from 7–17 years , for whom 100 permanent molars were sealed with 3  different sealing material s. Methods : Group A , 33 teeth were sealed material Helioseal Clear Chroma ( Vivadent , Schaan , Liechtenstein ) ; Group B , 33 teeth were sealed with Teethmate F1 ( Kuraray , Kurashiki , Japan ) , and in Group C , 34 teeth were sealed with the flowable composite Tetric Flow ( Vivadent , Schaan , Liechtenstein ) . For the analysis of the degree of retention , the criteria used were : 0-complete retention , 1-loss of 1/3 of material , 2-loss of 2/3 of material , 3-complete loss of material . Clinical criteria for appearance of a new caries lesion included following values : Caries present ( + ) or caries absent ( − ) . Statistics : Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis of retention rates between groups . Results : After the 24 month period , the highest retention rate of complete retention was established for the material Tetric Flow of 76.5 % , Helioseal Clear Croma 66.7 % , and Teethmate F1 60.6 % . The incidence of caries with Helioseal Clear Croma was 6.1 % , for Teethmate F1 3 % , with no statistically significant difference after the 24 months period ( p=0.656 ) . In the group of teeth sealed with Tetric Flow , there was not a single case of caries noted . Conclusions : The use of flowable composite resins as sealing material s is equal to other material s for fissure sealing This l and mark study of a pit and fissure sealant found 27.6 percent complete retention and 35.4 percent partial retention on permanent first molars . In the matched pair analysis , carious or restored surfaces made up 31.3 percent of the surfaces in the sealed group and 82.8 percent in the unsealed group OBJECTIVES The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the retention rate and caries-prevention effect of a flowable composite compared to a conventional resin-based sealant in a young population over a 24-month period . METHODS Thirty-four patients , ranging in age from 16 to 22 years , diagnosed with at least 2 non-cavitated pit- and -fissure caries in the first and second molars were selected for this r and omized split-mouth design trial . A total of 220 sealants , were placed in 117 upper molars and 103 lower molars . The teeth were sealed with a flowable resin composite ( Tetric Evo Flow ) or a sealant material ( Helioseal F ) . Each restoration was independently evaluated in terms of retention and the presence of caries at baseline and at 1 , 6 , 12 , and 24 months . Data were analyzed using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Friedman 1-way ANOVA tests at p<0.05 . RESULTS Tetric Evo Flow showed complete retention with 100 % , 95.5 % , 93.8 % , and 88.5 % at 1 , 6 , 12 , and 24-month evaluations , respectively , while Helioseal F retention rates were 98.1 % , 95.5 % , 94.8 % , and 85.4 % , respectively , for the same evaluation periods . At the 24-month recall , 4 ( 4.2 % ) total losses were observed in subjects treated with Tetric Evo Flow and 2 total losses ( 2.1 % ) for Helioseal F , respectively . No significant differences were observed between the material s in retention rates or caries incidence for each evaluation period ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Placement of flowable composite as fissure sealants in the younger population seems to be as effective as conventional fluoride containing fissure sealants for the prevention of fissure caries . CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of a flowable composite as a fissure sealant material , in conjunction with a total-etch , single bottle adhesive , yielded better retention than did the conventional fluoride containing resin-based fissure sealant over a 24-month period in young patients This clinical study evaluated the retention and caries protection of a flowable resin composite ( Flow Line ) and a flowable compomer ( Dyract Flow ) used in preventive resin restorations  as compared to the conventional preventive resin technique which uses a resin composite ( Brilliant ) and a sealant ( Concise ) . This study observed 205 permanent molars with small carious cavities less than 1.5 mm in width , which were obtained from 165 children aged 7 to 15 years .  Flowable resin composite was used to treat 75 teeth , and 71 teeth were treated with flowable compomer in both cavities and caries-free fissures . For the control group , 59 teeth were treated with resin composite in cavities and sealant in caries-free fissures . The teeth were evaluated at 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 and 24-month intervals . After three months , all 205 treated teeth were completely intact . After six months , 66 of the 71 teeth treated with flowable resin composite and 65 of the 70 teeth treated with flowable compomer were complete , compared to 57 of the 58 teeth treated with the conventional preventive resin technique . After 12 months , 60 of the 67 teeth treated with flowable resin composite and 61 of the 67 teeth treated with flowable compomer were complete , compared to 51 of the 55 teeth treated with the conventional preventive resin technique . After 18 months , 53 of the 61 teeth treated with flowable resin composite and 54 of the 62 teeth treated with flowable compomer were complete , compared to 47 of the 53 teeth treated with the conventional preventive resin technique . After 24 months , 49 of the 58 teeth treated with flowable resin composite and 45 of the 57 teeth treated with flowable compomer were complete , compared to 42 of the 52 teeth treated with the conventional preventive resin technique . There were no statistically significant differences in retention rates among all groups after 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 or 24-months ( p>0.05 ) . One tooth treated with flowable resin composite and 
    Output:
    