human
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objectives To evaluate the effect of association of tamsulosin/tadalafil taken daily compared with tamsulosin/placebo in the lower urinary tract with urodynamic study ( UDS ) . Methods All patients underwent baseline UDS before r and omization to tamsulosin 0.4 mg/tadalafil 5 mg ( Group 1 ; n = 20 ) or tamsulosin 0.4 mg/placebo ( Group 2 ; n = 20 ) once daily for 30 days . End-of- study UDS were performed on completion of the treatment period . The primary end point was to demonstrate changes in urodynamic variables in the voiding phase , detrusor pressure at maximum flow ( PdetQmax ) , and maximum flow rate ( Qmax ) , from baseline to week four . Results The primary outcome measure of this clinical trial , PdetQmax , showed a significant reduction in tamsulosin/tadalafil group ( 13 ± 17.0 ) compared to tamsulosin/placebo ( −1.2 ± 14.35 ) group ( P = 0.03 ) . Qmax increased in both groups , tamsulosin/tadalafil ( 1.0 ± 2.4 ) and tamsulosin/placebo ( 1.4 ± 2.4 ) , but the difference was not significant between treatment groups ( P = 0.65 ) . Total IPSS , storage , and voiding sub-score improved significantly in tamsulosin/tadalafil compared with tamsulosin/placebo group . Conclusions The association of tamsulosin/tadalafil reduces detrusor pressure at maximum flow without changing the maximum flow rate during micturition and significantly improves lower urinary tract symptoms compared with the isolated use of tamsulosin OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of extended-release oxybutynin in combination with the alpha1-blocker tamsulosin in reducing lower urinary tract symptoms in men . PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multicenter , double-blind trial performed between March 29 , 2004 , and June 22 , 2005 , 420 men aged 45 years or older with a total International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) of 13 or more and IPSS for storage of 8 or more were r and omized to receive tamsulosin ( 0.4 mg/d ) with either extended-release oxybutynin ( 10 mg/d ) or placebo for 12 weeks . Eligibility requirements included a maximum flow rate of 8 mL/s or more with voided volume of 125 mL or more and a postvoid residual volume of 150 mL or less on 2 occasions . Postvoid residual volume and peak flow rates at weeks 4 , 8 , and 12 were measured . The primary end point was change from baseline in total IPSS after 12 weeks of treatment . Secondary outcomes included change in IPSSs for storage and quality of life . RESULTS Tamsulosin combined with extended-release oxybutynin result ed in significantly greater improvement in total IPSS compared with tamsulosin and placebo after 8 ( P=.03 ) and 12 ( P=.006 ) weeks of treatment , and improved IPSS for storage and quality of life at all assessment points ( P<.01 ) . The incidence of postvoid residual volume higher than 300 mL was 2.9 % ( 6/209 ) in patients receiving combination therapy compared with 0.5 % ( 1/209 ) in patients receiving tamsulosin alone ( P=.12 ) . Occurrence of peak flow rates below 5 mL/s was 3.8 % ( 8/209 ) for combination therapy and 5.7 % ( 12/209 ) for tamsulosin alone ( P=.49 ) . CONCLUSION In men with substantial storage symptoms , combination therapy with tamsulosin and extended-release oxybutynin demonstrated greater efficacy than and comparable safety and tolerability to tamsulosin monotherapy Purpose : To verify the association between lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) and erectile dysfunction ( ED ) and evaluate the influence of sildenafil and doxazosin either as single agents or combined on both symptoms . Material and Methods : A prospect i ve r and omized study including 150 patients presented with LUTS caused by BPH in association with clinical ly diagnosed ED , with age equal or more than 45 years from April 2010 to April 20011 . They were categorized into three comparative groups each one containing 50 patients . These groups were comparable regarding pretreatment international prostate symptoms score ( IPSS ) and international index of erectile function ( IIEF ) . The patients of the first group were given sildenafil 50 mg as monotherapy , those of the second group were given doxazosin 2 mg and those of the third group were given combination of both drugs for 4 months for each group . The main post-treatment parameters for assessment and comparison include assessment of patient 's symptoms by repeated IPS S and IIEF , uroflowmetry and assessment of PVR . The statistics was done by use of the Qui -- square test . Results : Pre-treatment parameters were assessed and compared between the three groups . After 4 months of treatment , the comparative parameters were applied to all groups and the differences were measured post-treatment regarding IPSS , erectile function score , uroflowmetry , and post-void residual ( PVR ) urine . Sildenafil alone caused mild improvement in IPSS , more improvement in IIEF score , and little effect on flow rate and PVR urine .  Doxazosin alone caused more improvement in IPSS , flow rate and PVR urine and less improvement in IIEF score . A combination of both sildenafil and doxazosin caused more improvement in all of the comparative parameters than when each drug was given alone . Conclusions : There is a strong relationship between LUTS and ED . Doxazosin or sidenafil as a single drug could be used in treating mild or mild to moderate symptoms but more severe symptoms may usually need a combination of both drugs BACKGROUND Tadalafil improved lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ; LUTS/BPH ) in clinical studies but has not been evaluated together with an active control in an international clinical study . OBJECTIVE Assess tadalafil or tamsulosin versus placebo for LUTS/BPH . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A r and omised , double-blind , international , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study assessed men ≥45 yr of age with LUTS/BPH , International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) ≥13 , and maximum urinary flow rate ( Q(max ) ) ≥4 to ≤15ml/s . Following screening and washout , if needed , subjects completed a 4-wk placebo run-in before r and omisation to placebo ( n=172 ) , tadalafil 5 mg ( n=171 ) , or tamsulosin 0.4 mg ( n=168 ) once daily for 12 wk . MEASUREMENTS Outcomes were assessed using analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) or ranked analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) ( continuous variables ) and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test or Fisher exact test ( categorical variables ) . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS IPSS significantly improved versus placebo through 12 wk with tadalafil ( -2.1 ; p=0.001 ; primary efficacy outcome ) and tamsulosin ( -1.5 ; p=0.023 ) and as early as 1 wk ( tadalafil and tamsulosin both -1.5 ; p<0.01 ) . BPH Impact Index significantly improved versus placebo at first assessment ( week 4 ) with tadalafil ( -0.8 ; p<0.001 ) and tamsulosin ( -0.9 ; p<0.001 ) and through 12 wk ( tadalafil -0.8 , p=0.003 ; tamsulosin -0.6 , p=0.026 ) . The IPSS Quality -of-Life Index and the Treatment Satisfaction Scale-BPH improved significantly versus placebo with tadalafil ( both p<0.05 ) but not with tamsulosin ( both p>0.1 ) . The International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain improved versus placebo with tadalafil ( 4.0 ; p<0.001 ) but not tamsulosin ( -0.4 ; p=0.699 ) . Q(max ) increased significantly versus placebo with both tadalafil ( 2.4ml/s ; p=0.009 ) and tamsulosin ( 2.2ml/s ; p=0.014 ) . Adverse event profiles were consistent with previous reports . This study was limited in not being powered to directly compare tadalafil versus tamsulosin . CONCLUSIONS Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin result ed in significant and numerically similar improvements versus placebo in LUTS/BPH and Q(max ) . However , only tadalafil improved erectile dysfunction . TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov ID NCT00970632 BACKGROUND Storage symptoms are particularly bothersome in men with lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) but may not be adequately treated by α-blocker monotherapy . OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination ( FDC ) of solifenacin and an oral controlled absorption system ( OCAS ) formulation of tamsulosin compared with placebo and compared with tamsulosin OCAS ( TOCAS ) monotherapy in men with moderate to severe storage symptoms and voiding symptoms . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A double-blind 12-wk phase 3 study in 1334 men with storage and voiding LUTS : total International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) ≥ 13 , maximum urinary flow rate ( Qmax ) 4.0 - 12.0 ml/s , two or more urgency episodes per 24 h of Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale grade 3 or 4 , and eight or more micturitions per 24h . INTERVENTION Patients were r and omised to placebo , TOCAS 0.4 mg , FDC solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS 0.4 mg , or FDC solifenacin 9 mg plus TOCAS 0.4 mg . OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Primary efficacy end points were ( 1 ) total IPSS and ( 2 ) Total Urgency and Frequency Score ( TUFS ) . An FDC met the success criteria if it demonstrated superiority compared with placebo and noninferiority compared with TOCAS for total IPSS , as well as superiority compared with TOCAS for TUFS . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Reductions in total IPSS and TUFS were observed with both solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS ( -7.0 and -8.1 , respectively ) and solifenacin 9 mg plus TOCAS ( -6.5 and -7.6 , respectively ) compared with TOCAS ( -6.2 and -6.7 , respectively ) and placebo ( -5.4 and -4.4 , respectively ) . Solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS met all prespecified success criteria for both primary end points , while solifenacin 9 mg plus TOCAS met success criteria compared with placebo but not compared with TOCAS . Both FDCs improved quality of life ( QoL ) measures and were well tolerated , with low incidences of acute urinary retention . CONCLUSIONS The FDC of solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS significantly improved storage and voiding symptoms , as well as QoL parameters , compared with placebo . This FDC also improved storage symptoms and QoL compared with TOCAS alone in men with moderate to severe storage symptoms and voiding symptoms  , and it was well tolerated BACKGROUND Storage symptoms are often undertreated in men with lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the combination of an antimuscarinic ( solifenacin ) with an α-blocker ( tamsulosin ) versus tamsulosin alone in the treatment of men with LUTS . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A double-blind , 12-wk , phase 2 study in 937 men with LUTS ( ≥ 3 mo , total International Prostate Symptom Score [ IPSS ] ≥ 13 , and maximum urinary flow rate 4.0 - 15.0 ml/s ) . INTERVENTION Eight treatment groups : tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system ( OCAS ) 0.4 mg ; solifenacin 3 , 6 , or 9 mg ; solifenacin 3 , 6 or 9 mg plus tamsulosin OCAS 0.4 mg ; or placebo . OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary efficacy end point was change from baseline in total IPSS . Secondary end points included micturition diary and quality -of-life ( QoL ) parameters . Post hoc subgroup analyses were performed by severity of baseline storage symptoms , with statistical comparisons presented only for tamsulosin OCAS alone versus combination therapy , due to the small sample size of the solifenacin monotherapy and placebo subgroups . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Combination therapy was associated with significant improvements in micturition frequency and voided volume  versus tamsulosin OCAS alone in the total study population ; improvements in total IPSS were not significant . Statistically significant improvements in urgency episodes , micturition frequency , total urgency score , voided volume , IPSS storage subscore , IPSS-QoL index , and Patient Perception of Bladder Condition were observed in a sub population of men with two or more urgency episodes per 24 
    Output:
    
agent
Based on improvement of mean International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life scores , the effectiveness of the newer ABs was not different from the older ABs ( moderate strength of evidence [ SOE ] ) , but had more AEs ( low SOE ) .
Antimuscarinics/AB combination therapy had similar outcomes  as AB monotherapy ( all moderate SOE ) , but often had more AEs .
Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors alone or in combination with ABs had similar or inferior outcomes than ABs alone .
Evidence was insufficient for the beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist .
For all newer agents , the evidence was generally insufficient to assess long-term efficacy , prevention of symptom progression , or AEs .
None of the drugs or drug combinations newly used to treat LUTS attributed to BPH showed outcomes superior to traditional AB treatment .
Given the lack of superior outcomes , the studies ' short time-horizon , and less assurance of their safety , their current value in treating LUTS attributable to BPH appears low .
We found none of the new drugs to be better but there was more concern about side effects
***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objectives To evaluate the effect of association of tamsulosin/tadalafil taken daily compared with tamsulosin/placebo in the lower urinary tract with urodynamic study ( UDS ) . Methods All patients underwent baseline UDS before r and omization to tamsulosin 0.4 mg/tadalafil 5 mg ( Group 1 ; n = 20 ) or tamsulosin 0.4 mg/placebo ( Group 2 ; n = 20 ) once daily for 30 days . End-of- study UDS were performed on completion of the treatment period . The primary end point was to demonstrate changes in urodynamic variables in the voiding phase , detrusor pressure at maximum flow ( PdetQmax ) , and maximum flow rate ( Qmax ) , from baseline to week four . Results The primary outcome measure of this clinical trial , PdetQmax , showed a significant reduction in tamsulosin/tadalafil group ( 13 ± 17.0 ) compared to tamsulosin/placebo ( −1.2 ± 14.35 ) group ( P = 0.03 ) . Qmax increased in both groups , tamsulosin/tadalafil ( 1.0 ± 2.4 ) and tamsulosin/placebo ( 1.4 ± 2.4 ) , but the difference was not significant between treatment groups ( P = 0.65 ) . Total IPSS , storage , and voiding sub-score improved significantly in tamsulosin/tadalafil compared with tamsulosin/placebo group . Conclusions The association of tamsulosin/tadalafil reduces detrusor pressure at maximum flow without changing the maximum flow rate during micturition and significantly improves lower urinary tract symptoms compared with the isolated use of tamsulosin OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of extended-release oxybutynin in combination with the alpha1-blocker tamsulosin in reducing lower urinary tract symptoms in men . PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multicenter , double-blind trial performed between March 29 , 2004 , and June 22 , 2005 , 420 men aged 45 years or older with a total International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) of 13 or more and IPSS for storage of 8 or more were r and omized to receive tamsulosin ( 0.4 mg/d ) with either extended-release oxybutynin ( 10 mg/d ) or placebo for 12 weeks . Eligibility requirements included a maximum flow rate of 8 mL/s or more with voided volume of 125 mL or more and a postvoid residual volume of 150 mL or less on 2 occasions . Postvoid residual volume and peak flow rates at weeks 4 , 8 , and 12 were measured . The primary end point was change from baseline in total IPSS after 12 weeks of treatment . Secondary outcomes included change in IPSSs for storage and quality of life . RESULTS Tamsulosin combined with extended-release oxybutynin result ed in significantly greater improvement in total IPSS compared with tamsulosin and placebo after 8 ( P=.03 ) and 12 ( P=.006 ) weeks of treatment , and improved IPSS for storage and quality of life at all assessment points ( P<.01 ) . The incidence of postvoid residual volume higher than 300 mL was 2.9 % ( 6/209 ) in patients receiving combination therapy compared with 0.5 % ( 1/209 ) in patients receiving tamsulosin alone ( P=.12 ) . Occurrence of peak flow rates below 5 mL/s was 3.8 % ( 8/209 ) for combination therapy and 5.7 % ( 12/209 ) for tamsulosin alone ( P=.49 ) . CONCLUSION In men with substantial storage symptoms , combination therapy with tamsulosin and extended-release oxybutynin demonstrated greater efficacy than and comparable safety and tolerability to tamsulosin monotherapy Purpose : To verify the association between lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) and erectile dysfunction ( ED ) and evaluate the influence of sildenafil and doxazosin either as single agents or combined on both symptoms . Material and Methods : A prospect i ve r and omized study including 150 patients presented with LUTS caused by BPH in association with clinical ly diagnosed ED , with age equal or more than 45 years from April 2010 to April 20011 . They were categorized into three comparative groups each one containing 50 patients . These groups were comparable regarding pretreatment international prostate symptoms score ( IPSS ) and international index of erectile function ( IIEF ) . The patients of the first group were given sildenafil 50 mg as monotherapy , those of the second group were given doxazosin 2 mg and those of the third group were given combination of both drugs for 4 months for each group . The main post-treatment parameters for assessment and comparison include assessment of patient 's symptoms by repeated IPS S and IIEF , uroflowmetry and assessment of PVR . The statistics was done by use of the Qui -- square test . Results : Pre-treatment parameters were assessed and compared between the three groups . After 4 months of treatment , the comparative parameters were applied to all groups and the differences were measured post-treatment regarding IPSS , erectile function score , uroflowmetry , and post-void residual ( PVR ) urine . Sildenafil alone caused mild improvement in IPSS , more improvement in IIEF score , and little effect on flow rate and PVR urine .  Doxazosin alone caused more improvement in IPSS , flow rate and PVR urine and less improvement in IIEF score . A combination of both sildenafil and doxazosin caused more improvement in all of the comparative parameters than when each drug was given alone . Conclusions : There is a strong relationship between LUTS and ED . Doxazosin or sidenafil as a single drug could be used in treating mild or mild to moderate symptoms but more severe symptoms may usually need a combination of both drugs BACKGROUND Tadalafil improved lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ; LUTS/BPH ) in clinical studies but has not been evaluated together with an active control in an international clinical study . OBJECTIVE Assess tadalafil or tamsulosin versus placebo for LUTS/BPH . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A r and omised , double-blind , international , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study assessed men ≥45 yr of age with LUTS/BPH , International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) ≥13 , and maximum urinary flow rate ( Q(max ) ) ≥4 to ≤15ml/s . Following screening and washout , if needed , subjects completed a 4-wk placebo run-in before r and omisation to placebo ( n=172 ) , tadalafil 5 mg ( n=171 ) , or tamsulosin 0.4 mg ( n=168 ) once daily for 12 wk . MEASUREMENTS Outcomes were assessed using analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) or ranked analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) ( continuous variables ) and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test or Fisher exact test ( categorical variables ) . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS IPSS significantly improved versus placebo through 12 wk with tadalafil ( -2.1 ; p=0.001 ; primary efficacy outcome ) and tamsulosin ( -1.5 ; p=0.023 ) and as early as 1 wk ( tadalafil and tamsulosin both -1.5 ; p<0.01 ) . BPH Impact Index significantly improved versus placebo at first assessment ( week 4 ) with tadalafil ( -0.8 ; p<0.001 ) and tamsulosin ( -0.9 ; p<0.001 ) and through 12 wk ( tadalafil -0.8 , p=0.003 ; tamsulosin -0.6 , p=0.026 ) . The IPSS Quality -of-Life Index and the Treatment Satisfaction Scale-BPH improved significantly versus placebo with tadalafil ( both p<0.05 ) but not with tamsulosin ( both p>0.1 ) . The International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain improved versus placebo with tadalafil ( 4.0 ; p<0.001 ) but not tamsulosin ( -0.4 ; p=0.699 ) . Q(max ) increased significantly versus placebo with both tadalafil ( 2.4ml/s ; p=0.009 ) and tamsulosin ( 2.2ml/s ; p=0.014 ) . Adverse event profiles were consistent with previous reports . This study was limited in not being powered to directly compare tadalafil versus tamsulosin . CONCLUSIONS Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin result ed in significant and numerically similar improvements versus placebo in LUTS/BPH and Q(max ) . However , only tadalafil improved erectile dysfunction . TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov ID NCT00970632 BACKGROUND Storage symptoms are particularly bothersome in men with lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) but may not be adequately treated by α-blocker monotherapy . OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination ( FDC ) of solifenacin and an oral controlled absorption system ( OCAS ) formulation of tamsulosin compared with placebo and compared with tamsulosin OCAS ( TOCAS ) monotherapy in men with moderate to severe storage symptoms and voiding symptoms . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A double-blind 12-wk phase 3 study in 1334 men with storage and voiding LUTS : total International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) ≥ 13 , maximum urinary flow rate ( Qmax ) 4.0 - 12.0 ml/s , two or more urgency episodes per 24 h of Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale grade 3 or 4 , and eight or more micturitions per 24h . INTERVENTION Patients were r and omised to placebo , TOCAS 0.4 mg , FDC solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS 0.4 mg , or FDC solifenacin 9 mg plus TOCAS 0.4 mg . OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Primary efficacy end points were ( 1 ) total IPSS and ( 2 ) Total Urgency and Frequency Score ( TUFS ) . An FDC met the success criteria if it demonstrated superiority compared with placebo and noninferiority compared with TOCAS for total IPSS , as well as superiority compared with TOCAS for TUFS . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Reductions in total IPSS and TUFS were observed with both solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS ( -7.0 and -8.1 , respectively ) and solifenacin 9 mg plus TOCAS ( -6.5 and -7.6 , respectively ) compared with TOCAS ( -6.2 and -6.7 , respectively ) and placebo ( -5.4 and -4.4 , respectively ) . Solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS met all prespecified success criteria for both primary end points , while solifenacin 9 mg plus TOCAS met success criteria compared with placebo but not compared with TOCAS . Both FDCs improved quality of life ( QoL ) measures and were well tolerated , with low incidences of acute urinary retention . CONCLUSIONS The FDC of solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS significantly improved storage and voiding symptoms , as well as QoL parameters , compared with placebo . This FDC also improved storage symptoms and QoL compared with TOCAS alone in men with moderate to severe storage symptoms and voiding symptoms  , and it was well tolerated BACKGROUND Storage symptoms are often undertreated in men with lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the combination of an antimuscarinic ( solifenacin ) with an α-blocker ( tamsulosin ) versus tamsulosin alone in the treatment of men with LUTS . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A double-blind , 12-wk , phase 2 study in 937 men with LUTS ( ≥ 3 mo , total International Prostate Symptom Score [ IPSS ] ≥ 13 , and maximum urinary flow rate 4.0 - 15.0 ml/s ) . INTERVENTION Eight treatment groups : tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system ( OCAS ) 0.4 mg ; solifenacin 3 , 6 , or 9 mg ; solifenacin 3 , 6 or 9 mg plus tamsulosin OCAS 0.4 mg ; or placebo . OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary efficacy end point was change from baseline in total IPSS . Secondary end points included micturition diary and quality -of-life ( QoL ) parameters . Post hoc subgroup analyses were performed by severity of baseline storage symptoms , with statistical comparisons presented only for tamsulosin OCAS alone versus combination therapy , due to the small sample size of the solifenacin monotherapy and placebo subgroups . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Combination therapy was associated with significant improvements in micturition frequency and voided volume  versus tamsulosin OCAS alone in the total study population ; improvements in total IPSS were not significant . Statistically significant improvements in urgency episodes , micturition frequency , total urgency score , voided volume , IPSS storage subscore , IPSS-QoL index , and Patient Perception of Bladder Condition were observed in a sub population of men with two or more urgency episodes per 24 
    Output:
    